The Fiqh of Zakat – Part 1

hamdulillah Isla niram

Al Hamdulillah Al Hamdulillah Al Hamdulillah Camden Kathy

Bullock

nkuku bana Masada tuber slim ronneby in Moscow girl Karim

al hamdu Lillah wa salatu salam ala rasulillah who Allah Allah He will be here

today and tomorrow inshallah we will be doing a brief primer on the fifth of Zika and that is because it is essential as you know to give our Zika once a year and most of us choose to do it in Ramadan, and I get always questions asked about Zika so there has been a demand to talk about the fear of Zika so that we give our recap properly. Realize My dear brothers and sisters, as we're all aware that Zika is one of the fundamental pillars of our religion. It is mentioned in the Koran combined with sada more than 30 times a Latina yoky Muna salata, will you tuna Zika they are paired together, praying and giving charity are paired together more than 30 times. And in fact, as you all

are aware that after the death of our Prophet salallahu it he was setting them groups of tribes, they decided we don't want to give Zakat and Abu Bakr Siddiq declared that those groups who refuse to give zakah cannot be considered Muslims. So he considered the car to be a fundamental pillar, such that somebody who said I don't have to give up. And he denies that he has to give us a car, this person, Abu Bakar, is so deep and the Sahaba they consider to be outside the fold of Islam. And therefore zeca is of the fundamental pillars as in the famous editor of God, when he was asked about the five pillars, so we know that one of those pillars was in fact, the Zika. And Zika is not an

income tax, but rather a savings tax. And the word Zika means to purify part of the human zeca, the one who purified the soul has been successful. And from the word purification, we understand the goal of Zika Zika is not meant to be a burden on us. Zakat is meant to purify our wealth. For us. It's as if our wealth is not good. It's unhealthy, it is going to harm us when we give zeca than our wealth becomes pure for us to consume. And also one of the meanings of Zika is to become blessing and so to grow. So when we give Zika the money has Baraka the money actually grows more and that's why we are told that when we give Zika our money does not go down, it actually increases and a lot

of xojo commands the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam who would mean and why they him sada cotton, Toto hero whom behalf which was a key him take from their money, their sadhaka take from their wealth, their charity, that charity, Allah says to Takahiro, whom behalf that charity will purify them were to Zeki him and it will cleanse them of their sins. So in the Quran, our Prophet sallallahu wasallam is commanded, you have to collect there's a cap, and when you collect, there's a cap, they will become pure, and that money will become good for them, and it will purify them, as well. Of course, Zakah makes us think of those who are less fortunate than us. Because when we give

that up, we have to find out who is going to take that sucker. So we have to go looking around who are the people that deserve that gap. And in that search, our hearts should soften. When we find people who are deserving of Zakah we are aware of the blessings on us, we are aware that our religion tells us to take care of those that are neglected of the widows of the orphans, so become sympathetic, and we then freely give unto others and of course, Zakah not only purifies our wealth, it also purifies us from stinginess, from miserliness from greed from conceit. So when we give to others, we become better people. And that is why Zika is an obligation upon us, who gives Zika every

single Muslim who owns more than the technical term is the nisab. And one Islamic year has gone by so every Muslim who owns more than the bare minimum that the Sharia has specified, and one year has gone by, they have to give zakah and realize that there are three types of charities in the Quran, there is Zakah and the Hadith mentions the Godfather number two, and then there is sada and the difference is actually very straightforward. Zakat is the annual charity that we're talking about in this hospital today. The cattle fitter is the charity that is due for Ramadan only. It is obligatory and only for Ramadan. And I'll talk about that towards the end of this month and it is a nominal

amount seven or $10 per person, depending on how you extract the calculation from the amount of wheat it's a small amount once again,

We're the cartoon theatre that's in Ramadan for our, for our fasting and then the third category is general sadaqa just to give charity above and beyond Zakah that's not obligatory, but the more that you give the more Allah subhana wa tada will give back to us. Our lecture today is about the first category which is the obligatory is that cap, what are we required to give? So, what wealth is Zakat table this is an English Arabic word that is now common, it's actually going to enter the dictionary soon inshallah, because people are using it all the time as a constable. What wealth is the cuttable which wealth do you calculate your Zakat from? There are five categories. And we will only go into

detail for the first two of them. The other three, we'll just mention and then move on. The first category, which is the main category is gold and silver, and by extension currencies. So the number one category you give Zakat on gold and silver, and by extension, the modern currencies. And so bank accounts stocks, money held in retirement funds, this is category one, which is basically our cash and all that is derived from that number two business commodities, this will only apply if you run and operate a business. If you are a salaried employee who does not have any business, then this will not apply to you. But if you own a company, or if you own a buying and selling a trades, if you

own a gas station, if you own a furniture store, then this is the second category that is business Zakat, and this is basically commodities of business items that a merchant will buy and sell. And we'll go into a little bit of detail about that as well tomorrow as well. The third category, which we will not discuss, but you should be aware of is livestock if you own certain quantities of animals. And all of these quantities are more than a small amount. So if you own a chicken in your backyard, that's not Zika. But if you own you know, many camels, many goats, and each category of animals has a different number. So there is Zika due on livestock. And the fourth category is a cat

on agricultural produce. If you're a farmer, we're not talking about your tomatoes in your backyard, we're talking about if you own acres and acres of farmland, and you are a farmer, then there's a cap on the produce. And the fifth and final category. This is a cat on it in the Arabic word is the cause. And the cause is translated as treasure trove. So if you own some land and you come across some treasure that is buried there, or in our times, many forecasts, say if you discover an oil field in the backyard, firstly, call me up and we'll be good friends and shell after that. But secondly, there is an issue of Zakat on natural resources in your land. This is a root cause. So

category three, four and five. Frankly, I wouldn't even know off the top of my head I memorize the charts of livestock back when I was a second year undergraduate in Medina. Since then, I've never once even looked at the chart how much the cattle and how many camels and how many cows and sheep I have totally forgotten. But in case you own 77 sheep come to me and I'll look it up for you. But otherwise, there's no need to go into the livestock with the agriculture. We are interested in the first two categories, and that is golden silver and currencies. And then obviously business commodities. The technical stuff I'll delay for tomorrow because there is some technical stuff. What

is the Zakat on your own personal items by unanimous consensus of all the scholars of Islam there is no Zakat on the items that you use to live your life. For example, the house that you live in, for example, the cars that you drive, for example, the clothes that you wear the food in your house, there is no zakaat you simply do not look at that for calculation. The only issue of controversy is that of golden silver jewelry that is owned by the women. I hope the men don't want any gold jewelry, they shouldn't be owning any gold jewelry, but golden silver, that is the only exception. And by the way, I mean golden silver. If a lady has Platinum or diamonds or whatnot, there is no

Zakat on that for her jewelry. There is no Zakat on that it's only on gold and silver jewelry. This is where our classical scholars have different does golden silver jewelry constitute currency in which case there will be Zika or does it constitute household items? In which case there is no Zika and we'll get to this controversy in a while inshallah Tada. So what is the bare minimum? What is the nisab amount, the shediac came with quantities of golden silver. And the Hadith mentions basically the equivalent of three ounces of gold or 21 ounces of silver. Now in those days, three ounces of gold and 21 ounces of silver was the equivalent that was the exchange rate. Well 1440

years have gone by since then, these days, three ounces of gold is around $4,000 21 ounces of silver is around $400. So the thing has changed immensely the exchange rate. So the bottom line is that pretty much every person living in this land will have more

than three or $400, especially if they have any type of job, then essentially is the cathodes obligatory on any Muslim living in this land. Now the issue of Zakat on golden silver, really, we can give many, many lectures I'm sure our chef can give us hours of evidences on both sides. In a nutshell, the Hanafi School of Law says that Zakat is obligatory on female jewelry, gold and silver, if you own gold and silver, it is obligatory on them. And this is actually the position of many non Hanafi scholars of our times as well, because the Hadees seem to be very explicit here. But the other three months have is the hammer these the Sharpies and the Maliki's, they say, generally

speaking, the personal jewelry that is owned by women, it constitutes the same as the clothes and the garments and the household items. So it will be excluded from Zika. So if you follow one of the format tips, I've given you, the format hubs, if you ask me what my personal position is, even though I'm generally a hambley, but in this issue, I think the texts are very explicit. And the ahaadeeth are very explicit the process of entered upon oma selama and she was wearing some jewelry, and she asked, Did you give Zakat on this or did you give your charity on this so Allah knows best but the position of most of my own teachers, even though they're not hanafy most of my own teachers

that actually follow the Hanafi position in this regard, and it is my own also household thing that we give Zakat on the jewelry in the house because of the explicit nature but again, this is only the golden silver jewelry, not the jewelry that is non gold and silver. Who do we give Zakat to? Zakat is given by explicit text of the Quran to eight categories. This has mentioned similar to Toba in the Masada, all children for karate will masakan and eight categories are mentioned. And for our purposes, the first two are the most relevant. The others are either impossible or difficult for us to do. For example, one of the eight categories is freeing slaves no longer there, one of the eight

categories is that those that are in legitimate debts. And there's a long list of criteria, what constitutes a legitimate debt. One of the eight categories is the traveler who is away from his land, he doesn't have access to his wealth, he might be wealthy in his land, but by the time he reaches your land, he doesn't have wealth. Well, in our times, because of bank accounts, credit cards again, that's very, very rare. So realistically speaking, for example, one of the eight categories, those non Muslims who we want to give Zakat to that their hearts become soft towards Islam, the Arabic is more or less at equilibrium, our Prophet system would give zakat. And by the

way of the eight categories, this is the only category that you can give the cat to a non Muslim, otherwise, the other seven categories must be Muslim, the one exception when the Islamic ruler decides that so and so we need to soften his animosity towards Islam, and that is done by money. And it is authentically known in the Sierra that after the Battle of Balkan her name, our Prophet system gave large quantities of Zika to specific tribal chieftains who might have attacked Islam who might have armed Islam. But by giving them that wealth, essentially, the Muslims were protected. Well, that category me and you don't decide it is the ruler it is the hollyford that does that. So for our

purposes, really what we are down to is essentially, karate will Misaki in faqeer, and miskeen. What is the difference between faqeer and mysskin majority of scholars say the faqeer is the one that he doesn't own any things like the street beggar. And the miskeen is the one he might own stuff, he might even have more than the nisab. But it's not enough for him to live a life that is comfortable for the average human being of your society. And so faqeer is basically let's say, the homeless person, the street beggar has nothing. And the miskeen might have a house, he might have a car he's driving, but he's in debt, and he cannot pay the bills for his family, even though maybe he has

furniture that is more than that assault if he had to sell he would, but he doesn't have enough to live a regular life of a person of your background and culture. Like for example, in America, what is the poverty line, so this is the miskeen and the miskeen is worthy of Zakah. So this is the main category that we will give Zakat to and Zakat cannot be given to blood relatives that depend on us for for risk. For example, the wife or the children or the or the parents, they cannot be given a cap because you must take care of them. However, they can be given to extended family. And so in most circumstances, not all in most circumstances you can give the car to let's say sisters and

brothers. Definitely you can give the car to cousins and uncles and aunts definitely you can give it up to extended family and in fact giving Zakah to extended family if they deserve it obviously if they're miskeen, giving Zakat to them is more rewarding than giving Zakat elsewhere.

Well, our scholars says the cost should begin locally, but it is okay to send to other places as well. So many of our teachers taught us that we should divide Zakat into three categories. This is not, this is just one third should be local, and one third, maybe relatives in another land. And one third to causes that are zakaat. illegible This is just a rule of thumb, it's nothing from the fifth is just basically

to diversify your Zakat investment in the eyes of Allah that you should. But in the end of the day, if you have a distant cousin, who is genuinely, let's say, she's widowed, she has children, she's in a desperate situation, she's your cousin, you might give all of your zip code to that person. And that is completely fine. But our scholars say if you're able to, then you should diversify so that you get multiple reward as well. You do not have to tell the recipient that you are giving Zika you may say oh, this is a gift and in your heart, you have the knee of Zika. However, for it to be Zika you must have the Nia before you give suppose you give somebody a gift, then the next day say oh, I

actually Oh Zika let me make that as it got too late. It must be given the Nia has to be in your heart before you give the Zika. And according to the strongest opinion and this is hotly debated in our times, in our times, many of them are having intellectual debates over this issue. I myself am deeply involved in this. But still the majority opinion is that Zakat is given to individuals and not institutions that God has given to individuals who need it and not to institutions now. I personally follow the position that only some institutions we can give out to is don't just make it open to any institution. If the institution is let's say an orphanage, let's say in this case, maybe

inshallah it is permissible to give Zakat because it is an orphanage, you're building an orphan for the for the for the for the people who need it. Otherwise, believe it or not, the majority of scholars historically have said Zakat should not be given even to building an orphanage. They said Zakat is given to human beings, not to institutions, in our times, many of them are debating this issue. They're looking at the world and how difficult it is to live. And they're saying institutions that serve a public good for the Muslim community, they may be given zeca My position is kind of in the middle case by case basis, we look at the institution, we see what it is doing. So for example,

just to generic hospital, it's problematic in my opinion, to give the car because not everybody who is treated is poor. If it's treating for free, maybe a rich person will come that's not what's to happen. But suppose theoretically, you could guarantee that everybody being treated was a poor person. In my humble opinion. In this case, you can give zakah to such an institution, but the point is, this is an area of controversy. The majority of scholars says that God's given to individuals inshallah, this is part one. Tomorrow we'll get to the technical stuff of stocks and mutual funds and 401 Ks and inshallah, then we'll go into more detail until then, Xochimilco said, I'm reading