Muslim Minorities and the Fiqh of Citizenship in the Modern World
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level for who will monitor the woman up to the level for them to see that the Holy Year Murshida was shadow Illa in Allahu Akbar hula Sharika was shadow Anessa. You don't want to be in our moderna, Mohammad Rasool Allah, but Allah azza wa jal Amana one also had Oh Martha chef Allah Tada V Loma. Once you have the V Sebelius will be the only thing will suddenly la ma Salim Ali.
Ali, he also asked me what we are in the home year certainly know about.
I'm also Jessie on the topic of
Hey, John, and I can the migration and minorities, which probably branches out from the discussions that we've had up to now, we've spoken about Khilafah spoken model rules of warfare, various different things. And eventually it was probably inevitable that we're going to come to this question of state and citizenship. It is something that affects us in more than one way,
being a minority as we are, and not the only one, many other minorities as well.
some opening remarks,
it is important for us to be able to see any topic of this nature that we address within its historical context. If we remove the historical context, we will find ourselves constantly trying to produce temporary, permanent answers for temporary situations, we will try to give normal solutions to abnormal problems. History is not the same. It doesn't stay the same throughout something that moves all the time. As a matter of Tilka Yamanaka, we don't have a nurse its color, it changes from day to day from period to period. And in the history of our home. What happened at Bethel and what happened at that hamaca what happened during the fall of Baghdad and what happened the after the
rise of Islam, every period was different. And for every period, we have to look at it in light of what pertains to that particular situation within the broad spectrum of what the Quran the Sunnah, our, the fate of the fuqaha our Sharia in general as to say.
So for that purpose, I will first sketch the entire history of Islam from Nobu up to the present day in five or six different periods. We've gone through different periods, and each period brought about certain developments of historical of a geopolitical of a demographic nature that creates different kinds of problems. So yesterday's answer might not solve today's problem. Every time there's something different.
Initially, we will start
to each of these periods, I want to give a different name. Firstly, Islam emergent Islam as it was emerging, from Rasulullah sallallahu sternums time the period of no other period of Khilafah Rashida.
Then from there we move on, Islam triumphant. During the healer, for whom are we the Khilafah see, the early period of the philosopher Basia, Islam was triumphant on the battlefield, Islam was triumphant, politically speaking, Islam was triumphant in terms of spreading its geographical presence to other parts of the world. Then came another period. So that was the early abbacy period. Then, probably speaking from the the two great incursions into the world of Islam, the Crusaders from the one side, the Mongols from the other side. And the thing that symbolizes it best is probably the fall of Baghdad, Islam under attack. Islam has come under attack now. And during that
period, a different set of problems impose itself upon the Muslim world and the solutions happen to change from what we had before.
Out of the agony in fact, this particular period was is categorized by some as Islam in agony. If you read Karen Armstrong's book, the shorter history of Islam, she calls it the pillar of Islam agonist, this Islam in agony during that period, attacked from both sides. And then what happened thereafter, out of the agony came another higher out of the agony was born, Islam Imperial, the two great empires of the Muslim world at that time, the Ottoman Empire in the West, the Mughal empire in the East. And then came the second agony, colonialism, and that lasted for a while, to 300 years, up to the middle of the 20th century, colonialism lost it. Then came the First World War, then came the
Second World War, and the colonizers could no longer maintain the colonial empire, and the colonies started crumbling in some ways, in other ways it did not crumble. So then came what post colonial Islam up to the present day this happened from 1947 India was the first and then thereafter 52 Egypt gets independence, various different countries all of Africa independence comes the
So what starts happening now independence comes about but together with independence come the breaking up of that Islam Imperial that we knew once upon a time, no more, there is no more you can have our money. What this particular period, the post colonial period means that the polity that was once upon Islam, the country that we speak about here is a piece of land ruled by the Muslims is no longer the same. Turkey is only Turkey, the Arab world gets cut up into little bits and pieces, what was once upon a time Billa two shall now become Syria, Jordan, Palestine, and Lebanon. And the same can be extrapolated for all the other parts of Islam, no longer one single polity, a whole lot of
countries spread over the globe, spread from Morocco on one hand to Indonesia on the other side. Now, with a polity such as this with a political situation such as this, different governments ruling different countries, people have become used to different kinds of thinking during this time, they have forgotten what it is like to have Sharia as the law that emerges out of a court of law. Because they've been used, they become used to 300 years of British rule, Dutch rule. All those kinds of things happen. Now comes the age of Islam resurgent. Now comes Islam, resurgent. The age of Islam resurgent is the one that you and I are living in right now. And in this age of resurgence, we
are grasping about four solutions to problems, whose complexity go way beyond what's in the textbook. The complexity of the problems that we face are not as simple as this the eye of the Quran, it applies exactly
mutatis mutandis as it's over there, that's how it applies. There is the text from the fifth book, it says like that, it must be done exactly like that. Now, things change over over time. And much of the problem that we have to deal with here is that new problems with new complexities, all kinds of sophistication in the problem, and we look for a simplified solution. Simplified solutions are not going to work. The problem has to be addressed with the same amount of complexity and sophistication that we that went into the problem originally, only then will a comment commensurate solution come about, but we are living in the age of Islam, the Sergent and what we take from there is that the
Muslim always remains optimistic. There is we're in Adelina very Kalibo tomorrow he's not far is going to come is that the as moto then for eg la Loki Bill biology, as dark as the night becomes its darkest before the dawn. So we remain optimistic. But during this period, we grappling with some problems. We are grappling with some problems. One thing that must be understood about those problems is the transience of those problems. They are there now they won't be there forever. They won't be there forever. So in whatever steps we take to address them, let's understand that it is a problem that's in front of us right now is not going to remain at some point or the other Faraj from
Allah Tala side, welcome. So these are the various periods in our history, and we have to look at them every time it's going to be a different thing. What they've done will Emma think at the time when Hulagu marched into Baghdad, and the hayloft was kicked to death rolled up in a carpet no Khalifa left any longer. What happens? What do Muslims do at the time? How do they reassert their own authority? Initially, you need to adjust yourself to the new situation. Until such time comes that a new philosopher can be declared from Cairo once again under the a UBC and then Imam Luke's what would they do now? When the what became the puppet hilife of the Abbas it's in Cairo. Sultan
Selim the Ottoman marches upon Cairo carries of the last Khalifa from the and then the Ottomans declare the love of their own. For the first time in history, one of the important shadows of the lava went out of the door, the Ottomans are not rushing in this up, but what was done, we adjusted ourselves to a situation that we had in front of us our history of Khilafah, throughout from after the Khilafah Rashida, our history of Khilafah has been one of normalization of the abnormal
the manner in which some of the from from the house of Marwan the second house of Bornholmer year, they became the the Khalifa as it wasn't according to any of the manners that the multilateral hawks have spoke about now. It was trophy, Abdullah Abu Zubaydah on the one side, on the other side, there was marijuana and then his son Abdullah medicareblue, Marwan when the ambassador exceeded that he laughed after that, do not even imagine that there was an election along the lines of Suceava bunny sorry, though anything of the kind. It is the Abbas it's come with a bloodthirsty revolution, a bloodthirsty revolution, overthrow the OMA years go to the scent of exhuming the graves and burning
corpses in there and they become the Khalifa it wasn't a normal situation, but then we normalize it as time goes on. And then number six Khalifa they started with the help of people who's actually that was really suspected that time ago Muslim for Asani and his followers, and afterwards they got rid of them and then Nikita settled down and we have Aruna Rashi and we have Abu Jaffa among so many of them, many of whom we are proud about. So the history of Khilafah has not been exactly according to textbook, the history of Canada by the time that I will Hassan Mauer the route is canceled
Tawnya it was a matter of normalizing the abnormal, it was a matter of what do we do with them with The Hunley BeSafe. He wasn't elected according to any of the rules. But he grabbed power. He did what we call today. Accordingto. So what we do, what do we do some Anwar, we have to have a situation, it has to be properly handled. And we choose the possible path of least resistance and a half of Darwin. And that's how things had always been done. But now, it wasn't a matter of choice. Often, it was a matter of What other choice do you have? What other choice do you have? You have to make do with what is there and move on to the next step? Because Islam needs to continuously marched
forward. We couldn't always go back to the legit legitimacy question. legitimacy questions would often be overshadowed by other concerns. Now in the age of Islam,
I thought 20 minutes left or something like that.
So I'm on early every time a paper comes in a paper comes and
I thought that
inshallah
so now when we live in this age of resurgence, we are grappling around for Okay, any kind of solution, and the solutions that we are grappling on are not necessarily the best solutions, but someone is trying something, let's see, how do we see now we take that away exercise is one of taking what is there judging in light of what the norm would have? What does our facts say about it? My specific topic is that of migration and minorities, I cannot help to overlap and two other things here and they because they are connected some of the other if I drift too far off the topic, just bring me back to it. It's a bad habit. Anyway. So now we can when we are going to ask the question
of state and citizenship, then every period is going to be different in the time of assault allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, the first 13 years in Kumbhakarna. What were the minority living in a hostile situation Macaca Ramadan minority in a hostile situation? After a few years, Rasul allah sallallahu wasallam orders them going to have a Shia minority in a benevolent situation. Two different kinds of citizenship here. There are Muslims living here waiting for permission from Allah Tala. In the meantime sin the group of us under of marriage Grafana Jaffna Butare, twice go to harbor shall live there because there is a king there that does not do injustice. They when they and
they stay there for as long as they stay towards the end of the presentation. Shall I want to come back to that? And then can we hit it off? Now, the Hijra is an event in the history of Islam looms so large in the Muslim imagination that it just blocks out everything. Our Tyrion starts from there, we start counting the dates from there, and our entire political outlook is colored by the hijab. When we think about the hijab, immediately the world divides into the real Islam that we'll cover, because now Medina is doddle Islam. And then maca was Dulko for and then you had in the you had to migrate from there. We had no option but to migrate from there in the Lilina tafa home on Mauna Kea
to verde me and foresee him Carlo FEMA quantum kala ko nama Seraphina filler. If this mustafina filata Allah Allah says Allah Quran or Allah He was here attend for 200 zero here and this is not a small matter if you don't make the deja vu Allah wa hum Jana masa Masirah however, they were exceptions to the rule in little Mr. Rafi name in originally when this will be done, like yesterday on a healer what I did when I Sabina So from that moment onwards, we started looking at the world only in terms of those two issues only in terms of this idea, and then started the wars.
And we kind of
lost sight of what had happened once upon a time the age a little hub Russia, that was set on the back burner for a while set on the back burner everyone in the writing of our political, shall I say no political law in the writing of the Kitab OCR, which was a matter of great interest amongst the alumni in those early years.
You know these days a student's studies in madrasa and what is the old PTSD laugh out of a battle between the mother and him? Back then this wasn't the focus. People wouldn't really be concerned about what do you say, domicile of how do you make Sarah and how do you do this and that no car was one of the main focal points of our faith at the time. Just to give example. Imam Abu Hanifa Rahim Allah Allah *y of his time, he
much let's say messiah of care teaches his students Imam Mohammed writes them down. Two of the six seminal works of the Hanafi madhhab Sierra, Sierra, Sierra Surya. Then come January Kabira, jammies, sorry, but two books imagine two books of the six are devoted dedicated to the issue of international law, law of interaction between nations.
This car, Imam Ozar he comes to know about it and he says What does Abu Hanifa know about CR we are the people of jihad. We live on the borders. We know the Messiah of car so he makes that he writes refutation of Jambo Khalifa
Imam Abu Yusuf gets to know about Ozaki making rather than iostat he writes arrived upon that Kitab Raja Allah Cyril. I was
Sorry. And finally Imam Shafi sits in arbitration between all of them. And he takes Kitamura dalla Cirillo sorry. And he says, Abu Hanifa said, I was sorry, he said, I will use of answered and this is my contribution arbitration between them. This was the area of
activity of the foci the time during that time, what happened? How did they view the world?
actually did the exercise the other day based through all the volumes, mostly to the index of success, shafts here Cubby? Five, six volumes right to see what what content does it have? It only looks at Muslims living in the Muslim state, that Islam, when they go to Darren Cofer for jihad, what must they do in there? What should they do? What can they do? What mustn't they do? But they must come back again. They don't even Dell for a moment upon the fact of citizenship of a doll, Cofer, why not you in this period. Now, this is the period of Islam triumphant
citizenship of Fidel Castro, who wants to live in that will cover you should live here. There is no question of living there at all. There's no question of living there at all. Did it ever happened that Muslims during this triumphant period of Islamic history became citizens Yes, against their will. There was an ever moving fault line between the Muslim state and the Byzantine Empire. Moving forward, backward all the time. There wasn't an area that you can draw a line or put a fence and say this is the border, sometimes we conquer into their territory. And often they come into our territory. When they conquer into our territory. They capture land, they capture people, they take
them away, but no Fichte developed for them. There was no flick of a doubt look over the reason because there was no community. Why was there no community, no field responds to ground realities and the corresponds therefore the ground reality fix piece about what really happens on the ground. And when a particular community became a minority in a cafe or state, they would either be killed and slave forcibly converted lost to the world of Islam. It didn't happen that any of them is alive, so no fee could develop for them. So there was only one thing during this period that they said, find yourself in the algo for Make your way to the side. As soon as you can make your way to the
side there's no question of staying in that part of the world.
The second reason why no fit developed for them is that sometimes the first one I said was
the lens capture people are taken. Secondly, nanny is captured and we take it back.
Mater seems the famous martyrs what out well, Martha Seema, Maria baizen Keating Sultan, Emperor came and conquered. And then the woman said, yah, Mata, Seema and Martha seem said we will send them such an army that will recapture that place. The first of them will be there, the Vanguard will be there. The rear guard will be in Baghdad, so he sends army so we recaptured very, very soon and there is no question of a minority because they become part of the doula Islamia once again Amaury Allah is right in the center of Anatolia. The what we know is Turkey today memorialize over there so far did they conquer in but eventually it was recaptured again. And takia went to the Byzantines.
pterosaurs went to the Byzantines and he stayed there for many many years, never came back to us until the Ottomans invaded in took over those parts of the world again. So the nofit develop as time goes on. Now, during the latter period of the embassy, the Empire what started happening, the abassi the Empire was an empire in name towards the end, every regional king declared declared his own independence. And then he sends to the Khalifa of Baghdad for a robe of
investing MSSO tan, just giving him the nominal authority to rule in the name of the Khalifa. But all of them are really independent, came to such a stage that the fast of a strong Khilafah was eventually just taken over by the boy hits when she marched upon Baghdad took over the Sultanate with his bow these hours, you have a Khalifa just for the sake of legitimacy. Halifa has no power they will remove by the cell Jokes are Not very long after that. But that was the decline of the Khilafah laughter started declining them already. My topic is not enough. I'll come back to my topic citizenship during this period. Now, for the first time we find the forecast speaking about living
in Daraa Cofer before they didn't speak about it at all. Now they start speaking about living in a doll Cofer because what started happening now what was once upon a time a hostile situation is not always as hostile as it used to be before. So now you find Muslims living there. Example society society was ruled by the Muslims. The Normans King King Raja, the Norman came conquered Sicily kicked out the Muslim rulers, Muslims remained staying in the city. They remain citizens of society. They had their own armies. They had their own Mahaki Idris he wrote his famous history under the tutelage under the patronage of King Raja the second of Ciceri was a Muslim state, but Muslims were
living there relative peace Muslims were Muslim rule was kicked out. But Muslims remained for a while. So the question would inevitably come, can you stay or Can't you stay?
Now
Namaste started speaking about it, first of all, Hijra. That's the topic. How do they look at the issue of hijra, two major approaches were taken on Hegira, the Hanafi approach and the rest. The Hanafi approach says that Hegira became Mansu holiday Hegira was abrogated when Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi salam said la Hegira Tabata that wasn't just situational for what was there, the entire concept of ritual is now one. So, there is no easier you will leave one place and go and live in another, it can become somewhat problematic, because now that is not looking at the situation of what about a Muslim in dal Hara. So one of the letter Hanafis
in the seven hundreds, our Medina and querque You know, the shell humbucker on hidayah called Mirage DARIAH. And even Noujaim quotes him as saying this one is different from the hokum of NASA. There's one SDF now, and that is harbi Allah the username of Fi Daria, he must make a gyro so while theoretically I will say that there is no Hegira any longer he still has become Monza there's one exception which was made by this 100 RPM system, that person still has to come back. The gym horse view Shaffir is Hannah Mahana humbly is and Malik is they look at it differently. They consider two factors. Do you have to or don't you have to make a job? They consider two factors.
In Ken Everhart, Dean, can you practice you can you establish karma to them? Can you practice your DNA or can't you? Secondly, is it possible for you to make hedgerows or not? If you take two factors that grace for situations on the one hand you're going to find a person he can make it harder Dean and he can make his circumstances make it such injuries not possible for him and he can't even make it harder deem that person is ill mustafina MENA Regional One Nisa he is Margo they say his model then you find the second person he cannot make it harder for them and it's possible for him to make his euro for him is your eyes watching you guys not man so according to him June is the so he must
make his euro and as I said Alka he agrees with this view says you must make a July as well. You don't stay there, you have to leave. Why? Because you can make it harder deem it's more important for you to be able to practice your deen then even to preserve your own life here now. Because you're gonna die your children what's gonna happen history has told us a story of what had happened so my age are now saying as a rule make Hijra is not always considering other realities as well. Sometimes in Spain when Spain was taken, they made it extremely difficult for Muslims to make his Euro you have to pay huge amounts of money to make ends Euro so anyway, some managing some didn't so
the full car looked at it and said that if you cannot make your house at the end, but you can make a choice was upon you to make a
third person.
He can make it harder Dean and he can make he he's got both choices the country in which he lives. They say you can live here as a Muslim no problem. Practice your deen by all means, and if you want to emigrate, you can immigrate also, a great amount of benevolence. Bismillah you wanna stay stay? You want to go go? Is your choice your deen don't suffer your dunya won't suffer. Here. This limit I'd say that this person he tries not to ask you but for him. It's Mr. Hubba. If you want to make sure that you can go you want to stay by all means the Imam of Al Hasan Mauer he goes on to add another addition to it as an addition to it. Stated in Al Howey and how you can be a mum never be
quoted from me muddled or totally been Mauer this is this particular person here. Let's add one further factor one is in con. A comedy Dean. One is in Cannes and his Euro then is another thing in Oro G Bekaa II. National Islam was Jabari Hill MACOM if there's hope that through you're staying there is it Mustafa Dimitra. But he was thinking they will split in you must stay don't go away. You stay there. This was Marwadi died in the year 450. This was an postcolonial fake. They spoke about it very early on already mentioning all of these to see the dip car and the precision that the fuqaha considered all of these factors before saying something and then of course you get the last
person that it's possible for him to make a comma to Dean but he can immigrate
you knows that that's United today. We even make it to
where you going to emigrate we can make a farmer to the end, but where are you going to immigrate to later on went on to speak about some realities about Asia, in the contemporary world I want to come back to this point. So that person if it was just for the previous person to stay, then Bill Ola he can stay as well. So for different persons for different rulings for them, this is how the focal have looked at the issue of Hijra
during this particular period here.
Now, that was the age of Islam being triumphant and they after we get into the age of Islam becoming what under attack by others. This is when the minorities were being created by and large. This is when others started I mean, others started taking over control over the world of Islam Mongols marching takeover our country's non Muslims ruining our countries, what do we do? We adjusted to the situation we adjusted initially what we try and do you jihad against them was there with
Try to make jihad against them those years. Just about every Jihad failed against them. They were unstoppable. The Mongols were unstoppable. They were eventually Alhamdulillah stopped at Angel loot, but initially they were unstoppable. So what do you do? There comes a time when you realize this is as much as you could do now try and adjust to the new situation. When the new situation came, what did they do? They say, Okay, we accept it. We accept we've been defeated, crestfallen. Now they started working at normalizing the abnormal situation. It wasn't 100 years when the Mongols became Muslim, the conquerors became Muslims. It takes a while, it takes a while, sometimes we are used to
sitting with a situation we want a solution right now, we want a solution right now the solution is there must be something established right now. These things take time, read history and see how long did it take for these solutions to come in. So when Islam was under attack, when Islam was under the agony, they did not respond immediately by saying, let's fight to the last man and fight to death. They didn't also say, let's pick up and leave and go somewhere else. The easy solution, systemic Hegira there are some logistical, some demographic, some geo geographical realities you have to consider before you make a large scale judgment everyone has to make. History has a number of
examples that I want to touch upon to show our era is not always just a feasible thing to do. Anyway, we recovered after the agony and we established the two great empires, Ottoman Empire Mughal Empire, and Islam was again triumphant for a while, but luckily che Anita Mata Minh auxano Father, Johann Robby T belies lychee Insano. Today, you're on top and then the wheel turns and you go to the bottom again, when all of this was happening.
Spain became the place where Christians started the reconquest. That's the furthest that we ever
penetrated into Europe, from the west die of Spain. As
of this upset this morning, 800 years of ruling Spain, but 800 years doesn't do just that descriptor. 800 years doesn't do any kind of justice to the turbulent history of Spain. It wasn't 800 years of kala fall. I mean, how do you know who it was 800 years of backstabbing 800 years of unity apes and 800 years of disunity, 800 years of Muslims teaming up with non Muslims to fight other Muslims as well. And eventually the tide turns. Now gradually, the Christians from the north start conquering and conquering and conquering. Eventually, Granada falls Granada falls means the end of that particular period of Muslim ruling Spain. The most grievous portion of this particular
minority stay that we've ever seen is the history of Spain. They used to Spain and what happened to Muslims.
They had agreements with the Spanish with Ferdinand and Isabella, of Spain that you can stay Muslims can stay and you can have your own religion. But you see, the church has other ideas. The church had other ideas, the church had the idea of reconquering the Convert of converting these Muslims, and they did it by force. If you're going to speak about this will probably take 1020 minutes to speak about a study but it's something that I encourage everyone to go and read up about what actually happened during Spain in those particular years. Because we where we are right now that's one of the possibilities that might come in future know about it so that when it starts happening, you know the
signs anyway, so when Muslims started emigrating from Spain, things were not very easy for them. They made it very difficult. Some of them managed to migrate some of them did not manage to migrate and they stayed on so those who managed to migrate what didn't happen on Mr. Gay fatwah you have to migrate. Imam Al Abbas when Cherie see the Maliki Allen gave a fatwa at the time
you know Teton, Arizona Arsenal massager for you hooked me mana Hala Bala Villa de nassarawa muhajir. You wrote it in response to more hygiene that came from Andalus. They came to Africa. They saw after a while, but Africa is not nice. Is Spain used to be not as nice. We want to go back rather we rather than and that's when he gave this? How could you ever even contemplate going back to the dawn cover that some went some when large scale migrations in the textbook might look feasible. But in reality, there are problems associated with it. So anyway, from this moment on Islam is on the backfoot, because the momentum that was building from Spain, then leads to the
voyages of discovery, then it leads to discovering the route around the Cape. And when the route around the Cape was discovered, then the doorway to the east opened up and colonialism started. In the 1500s 1600s. They come around. You see Allah had placed Islam and Muslims strategically, geographically in the middle of the of the unknown world. So any one from the from the West, if they wanted to trade with the east, we were the natural middlemen. They couldn't do without us. They had to go through us. We were the Middle East you have to come through. And then when they discovered the route around the Cape, they said we don't need you any longer. We will attack you from behind.
With bypass, you're also economically we went down.
Geopolitically, we went down in all different ways, and they gain the upper hand over us. They marched in, but colonialism
was different in one important way. It was different from the Crusades is different from everyone else. The Crusades was were religiously motivated. They came in and they converted by force. The Crusades, as much as they were religious, religiously motivated.
colonialism was not religiously motivated. Colonialism only had one thing, economic greed. They had no other but economic greed. Therefore, they didn't really make it a point to go and convert. What did they do? They came, they took what they wanted, they want to stay Muslim, by all means stay Muslim. Yes, some missionaries tried to ride on the back of colonialism and try to convert and they did convert a few years and they, but he wasn't part of the mission. If you consider the fact that Who was it, it wasn't the church that came around with ship sailed around the Cape, it was not even the British crown. It was the Dutch East India Company. It was a British East India Company, it was
purely for economic gain. India was being ruled by the British East India Company up to 1857. Only after the tune Victoria became the Empress of India. Before that, it was similar to ShopRite, going to Malawi, and taking over the whole country.
It's a company that goes and takes over the entire country running a terrorist, terrestrial Empire as such, so it has pure economic greed, and is that same economic greed, which is still the one that is in operation today. It's not about conversion. So this led to a situation of migration as well. What happened two types of migration, one was forced migration, forced migration in the sense when they entered our countries, Mujahideen stood up to defend Islam.
The Dutch came to Indonesia. As they came to Indonesia, they started taking over the countries. One student that went from Indonesia spent 20 years studying the UnderSheriff Ibrahim Al Cordy, who's the teacher of the father of the teacher of Shaolin evil, comes back to his country. He says, they've totally taken over my country starts a jihad against them. They capture him after a while. They send him to a, they send him to the Cape of goodwill. She accused of a magazine, magazine, he goes to the Cape of Good open, they say, this is how we will get rid of these people. What did they do? Try to just get rid of him wherever send him first for nine years to Sri Lanka, still too close
to home for the last five years of his life, they sent him to the Cape, let him go there and die. We don't want him here. But they didn't try and convert him. They left him over there. Those other Muslims that were forcibly taken then they didn't try and convert them only in the Americas did they forcibly convert elsewhere, they didn't forcibly convert. So those forcible migration, they we didn't have a choice. They we don't ask, can you live in the heart? What choice do you have? You can change, that as time went on them, they came voluntary immigration as well. People from the home countries said that well, now what's happening. We are part of the British crown.
As such, let's move to Britain. Let's move to America. Let's move to France. They started moving over. This was the post colonial period, when the these countries are destroying themselves economically, through the First World War and the Second World War, you're reborn who to whom they add him. When that was happening, then they needed hands to build up their economies again. So they open the doors of migration come and work by all means. We have a lot of work for you come and work for us. They actually invited Muslims to come and settle in those countries, voluntary migration happened. And now we said whether issue there are minorities living in these countries. So what
happens now? What would the Folklife said about something like this? Is this montcada ALLAH if Hari the Nila Wyatt Amma can middle aged out which way do we look at it? Those communities when they build misogyny, they build modalities. They establish McCarthy, no one stopped them from any of that. So the situation that they lived in, is very similar to what now? It's not a hostile situation. It becomes very similar to those Muslims who went to harbor show Once Upon a Time, it becomes very similar to the situation envisaged by Mauer the when he said that if you're being they can lead to the split of Islam then you must they don't even consider each other. So this kind of
situation started arising. What is that now? It is Muslim living in Vancouver is not a Muslim country. But in our benevolence situation, benevolence, you're allowed to practice your deen? And how many haven't found Eman? How many haven't found the in through the presence of Muslims in such countries?
This was what was happening during this particular period. Now, now comes the age of Islam that tries to reassert itself from the 1940s late 40s 50s onwards Muslim countries are becoming independent. And there is one big question in the minds of so many the prestige that we once had the honor that we had the dominance in the world that you answered Where did it go? How do we get it back? And various different groups tried various different means to reclaim some of it.
The present movements, whichever movies they happen to be, sometimes it's a matter of Dawa. Sometimes it's a matter of W
Sometimes the matter of picking and taking up weapons against invaders. All of these are attempts at reclaiming and reinstating something that existed once upon a time. But by its very nature, it could never be the full product could never be the full product is like the blind men of Hindustan. Say the king sent all of blind man, I've never seen a elephant go and see the elephant come and explain to me, no one can see. So someone feels the leg. And he says, an elephant is like a tree trunk and someone feels the ears. And he says elephants are like big leaves, and someone feels a task. And he says long and very smooth and sharp at the end. So everyone has a quadrant of the circle, no one has
the full circle. Part of the problem that you're suffering from is every person working in his particular quadrant feels this is it this and this alone? No, the solution is going to take all quadrants working together, it's going to take all of them working together. This is where a problem comes about. from two angles. No one can differ amongst themselves as much as Muslims can.
No one can, Imam Muhammad even Suleiman could have the rights. And he says, if you look at the Alama of Islam, and the way that they can differ one another, you realize the power of each Mar, if people who can differ so much can actually agree everyone up on one thing that must be very, very true.
And our country is no stranger to that, the amount of differences of opinion that they are, and every quarter and trying to be the circle this part of the problem. That is one problem, it's an internal one, and then there is the external one as well, the interference one, the one that pulls things, because we have been studied, we have been studied, they know exactly which bus button should be pressed to elicit which responses something will be done, and the TV screens will be full about Muslims doing this and Muslims doing that. We've been studied very very well. And at a time such as this, when solutions are being presented, solutions are being offered, this is the final
source that is the ultimate solution. It makes sense for us to do what holo Hydra comm just be careful with some of these solutions are tailor made solutions for a purpose other than the purpose that you might have thought it for.
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specifically my topic is migration during a time such as this. So what do you do under the circumstances those Muslims who happen to be living in a benevolent situation where they are practicing that in without any problems and they don't have to they are not being driven out of their countries, then what should they do then? They are not under any kind of obligation to make his Euro Yes, there are some other countries where it does become Spain once upon a time, I want to mention the example of Spain. Now, you say if it is said people leave your countries and make his Euro, we can say that to one person we can they say to five person can say to 10 persons back then
when the when the
dowless odia was establishing itself against they rebelled against the Ottomans. They were trying to establish themselves. They said the Ottomans are curvier why? Because you're gonna be ready Shara Illa, and that's something that must be mentioned as well. You know, sometimes we lionize the Ottomans. We lionized as if the Ottomans were nothing but good year Sultan Abdulhamid, but before him some I brought him to a close as well. They were the first to actually make make away with some Muslim laws under the influence of the Young Turks and others like that. But
you know, what Kamala took eventually pushed over was a shell that was empty already from the inside. So we lionize them at times. There are some problems, but they were still
they were over. And then the Saudis rebelled against them. Wahhabis rebelled against Him from that side. So they came to the Old Mr. Mockery debating with them. And all the arguments that they mentioned why you must leave the dollar you must come live in a doula Islamia. It's the same arguments being repeated today exactly the quoting the same scholars, so they might even sama then hammered even keel and Abdullah Babu pain and the arguments against the other Alama. You know, Falon wrote this in his key dominance logic to make that and logic to me that fella gave a wonderful answer. Now on the issue of do you find, you know, the differentiation in the will is what shall we
call it now? Islamic State in the Muslim state? No, no single country can claim to be the ultimate product. But back then they were claiming it. We are the Muslim state.
And everyone was making it to us. Now I remember something. I always thought monana Mohammed even have his Abdur Rahman. Mia told me when he was doing heavies in ages, the 50s or the 60s or something like that. He remembers someone coming around a little bag full of passports who wants to buy citizenship, Saudi citizenship, 10 pounds whatever you get Saudi citizenship, you tell me who can get that right today? There is saying my great you can't even go for Hajj or Umrah property, who's gonna accept you for migration purposes.
Not only that migration for who for one or two persons. Let's look at the practical realities when it comes to migration or the outcomes.
Let's look at the practical realities. Just consider for a moment demographics. When those folk aha was said you must make Hegira they were thinking of a situation of 25 Muslims in Sicily who are captured
Then now okay you must make a journal from there did they consider that we've got 600 million Muslims Indian subcontinent who's going to give them some place to make a gelato? There the poor Rohingyas right now though India's was giving them a place to go to this Rohingyas now they an earlier group of them actually made Hegira wine hijas maca material find them from the 1960s still today they don't have citizenship second class citizens in Saudi Arabia who's going to give you a country to make a gelato?
So when the question is said alum token Abdullah he was here we can very well say that Dhaka Tallinn in order to be Morocco but
it's not as easy to make Hegira demographics militate against it, we're going to make you gelato. You want to persons perhaps, but you ask wait for citizenship as the market for citizenship. You're not going to find the second problem. immigration regulations. Now immigration regulation not like pick up and move that might have been once upon a time. Once upon a time is not as simple. There are a whole lot of laws before you can actually get citizenship not just Muslims supposed Muslim countries but any other country in the world for that matter. And then logistics in the 1860s. In the 1860s Russia invaded the Caucasus, the Circassians occasions occasions, together with Imam
Sharmila waged a war against the Russians do you have not a single one of these wars succeeded at the time, you can just rush through the number of hours of sheer use of in Makkah, so forth in the 1600s he did not succeed thereafter. Imam Shamil 14 1800s, he was captured eventually, in prison, I mean Abdulkadir of just Algeria, Algeria for the jihad against him he was imprisoned, kept in France and then eventually allowed to live the last of his life in Damascus. And then, in the 1857, Allah Mujahideen went out did not succeed, we can go beyond that 1835, in Bahia in Brazil, many microtome about what happened there. But the largest amount of African slaves that were exported was not to
North America was to South America, Brazil had a huge amount of them. And then many of them became free. And they formed themselves into communities that would purchase the freedom of other slaves. From a community, we purchase the freedom of any other slaves and the first thing we do is buy him clothing to dress like a Muslim not like a slave any longer. They had a mutual cooperation society going unequaled anything else that we could think of. And then they decided to make jihad against the Portuguese at the time, and the Portuguese came down upon them. So how did all the ringleaders were executed? The community was left without Alama within
a few decades after that, not a single Muslim was left such as Yeah, those occasions they made Jihad they did not succeed at the end of the jihad, it was suggested let's expel them to Ottoman territories. Ottoman said by all means come across the Black Sea come so they pack those ships with so many many more people that he could contain and all being shipped off to were all being shipped off to Turkey not gonna stay any longer arrived in Turkey and now comes the logistics What are you gonna do we're gonna live it became so difficult. First of all, the trip across the Black Sea was so bad, so many of the relatives that will be just die and being thrown into the Black Sea that they
say till today, there is occasion communities in Turkey that don't eat fish, why my grandfather, his body was thrown into that particular sea when they came here in Turkey, then often there was no butter, how do you create a new life over here now, you see 550 6500 But this was a few 100,000 At the same time Hegira is not such an easy option right now. It is said the only sources for this Russian sources and they would of course be biased.
Russians also say that up to 70% of this Circassian Mahajan applied to go back to Russia. Rather go back we'll have some we have our villagers that will populate it again. So that was tried it did not quite succeed. But look at the advantage of it. Look at the advantage. Those people's descendants are still today. They're there. They're Muslim. They went back is under Russian rule. Yes, some of them did work on verta. But imagine this. Imagine Kemal Ataturk takes over Turkey. From our gates laws, camaraderie, mountains and Allah like no one else before him. While the Ottomans did was just one or two laws here and there, he did away with Sharia. He did away with everything he did away
with the Arabic script he did away with the Arabic Iran everything. Now imagine we told all the inhabitants of Turkey all of you must make his Euro. Then by the time Erdogan came around, there would be no one to vote for him.
But we have to take here we have to take a long term view of things. That's the next thing before rushing into accom of make his Euro take a long term view of things. It's easy to say make us Euro right now. But if those people have departed, in fact, there is a photo by Imam Shahabuddin Romley
I was in South Africa. He was asked about someone that lived in Aragon in Spain and this person explaining to him that, look, this is our situation, we have our own massage. We have our own Maha came all of these things. Should we make Hegira? Or should we make the Chavez have this bit of Uncanny thing? They say once a place is Darul Islam, it remains that Islam forever, it can never revert to the herb doll cover, no matter what you do. I know it's a bit of an idealistic situation. We know that to call Spain up to the dam Islam, very unlikely, but he was looking, there are still some Muslims over there. For as long as they remain there, some light of Islam is still they said,
Forget about coming to live in Egypt, you live in you go back, and you keep alive what you can, while it lasts, try and preserve what you can for as long as you can.
We have the benefit of hindsight, we can look back, we can look back today and say that,
in the manner that history unfolded from that point onwards, it was probably not the right answer. Why? Because very soon the Reconquista would come the reconquest that they would all be not just conquered, but they would be forcibly converted. In a very grievous that very heart rending history of Muslims, many of us might have read the story of that youngster was father used to take him in the secret room in the house, and then in the darkness, would write on his finger a line and tell him this is what this is Alif This is ba now you don't tell anyone, not even your mother. Then the mother would ask the child What's your father teaching? You say? No, nothing, playing marbles,
whatever, but he can't there to teach your children to be secretive. On Sundays, the the what did they call them? The Inquisition will come around to your house. First. Were you in church today? Secondly, do you have pork on your table today, we cannot even imagine what it is like. So many of those people afterwards, you know, after making this kind of pretend that life, many of them then just decided, I'm going to give up the stock a year declared to the whole I'm a Muslim, and they know the outcome of it, you will be burned to death immediately. That's what people had to undergo once upon a time.
Anyway, so I'm saying that when we consider Hegira today, consider what the folks have said, then consider demographics, consider numbers of people, considering immigration regulations, where you're gonna go to consider logistics of moving this amount of people from one part of the world to another. And don't forget the long term view this people might be living here today. Maybe that being changed. They if not the their children, if not they their grandchildren, roping Allah Sharia back into the MaHA came of that particular place. In Shama, it's a period of transient period that we are going to so when we try to give permanent solutions to temporary problems, we run a risk, we
run the risk of creating what are the amniotic bazooka men for adults or Judah? person had a cold, and you gave him what you gave him leprosy. So small little thing, don't make the mistake of short term solutions. Anyway, when we look at the early precedents now, those early precedents, what was the about citizens I'm going back to citizenship in habitat, there was a very real example of Muslims living in a benevolent society that has kind of been set aside, not forgotten, not neglected by the full QA, but they only responded to what they saw. They didn't see that kind of situation we can very well see today. And in their writings, they actually adumbrated they foreshadowed a
situation where something like this would happen. Aside from that there was something else two other precedents that are often overlooked. Which what is that tribal life in the Arabian Peninsula? Everyone wasn't forced to come to Medina. You know, when someone converts, he's not forced to come to Medina. What is he don't don't live in Baca by all means, but you've got a choice. Rasulullah Salazar, Mr. Patel these days when they go oh my God, then He says call them to Islam and then invite them to come settle in Medina into how well or ill Medina further humulene Maha Jean, why in about a year to one off for a bureau home. Another home. Murli Ara Bill Muslimeen you live in a
tribe your tribe is not a Muslim tribe? Your tribe is all Muslims, but you can live there no one is troubling you for your deen Imam Shafi Rahim Allah in one of his guitars common Quran mentioned something and he says the Pharaoh dolla Hegira T Hala man attack kaha Fergal Hegira T halaman aparcar this duty of Hegira that the Quran and Sunnah speak about loosely speaking about the FARC and then Hala Mata only for those who are able to he says in nama who I mean, actually man 14 fe D, only for the person who's being tested who stands a chance of losing anything he must make a JIRA. So the Mfold wahala of that is if there is no feature in your team, by all means, you can stay there
is no job of hinge upon you. That is now what first two presidents have a che is the one president tribal life in the Arabian Peninsula is the president and then some even Kodama luck DC mentioned in a movie and he says that there is even the example of our bus if the Abdon motorboat remained in Macau until one year before he was Muslim he was living there. Now some say well, he was hiding his Deen some day you could protect himself against whatever problems they were. The fact is he wasn't being asked to make me
Italy really, really late he made his Euro. So all these precedents considered, I think they have some important indications for us as minorities where we are living today, when the call comes abandoned and make use euro to somewhere else. One other important fact I need to mention about Asia to have Russia. When Rasulullah sallallahu Sallam eventually made egeria to Medina, what happened to Jaffa and Debbie Talib and others, they wouldn't immediately sent a message come back, they stayed, brother took place they stayed or Hotate place they stay, hung up took place. They stayed only after who they be I didn't use the lessons in the message because they were meant a political turn of
fortunes. And only after however was convertible was one then they arrived at the euro. So why didn't the result was and I'm leave this minority immigrant community there because there was no istikhara in Medina yet. There was a dolla, there was no istikhara. Why? Because what was all along? Can who Zuna they used to attack us? My brother was they attacked us or HUD was they attacked us conduct was they attacked us? And then after they via lobbies, and zoom. Now the Titans now Jafra maybe thought it was said come back now. So for them to have stayed there for so long. Definitely has certain indications. It was better for them the end here? Yes, there were some negatives as well
obey the law. Even Josh levy is Allah sounds own cousin, he became a monitored over there. And this happens in minority situations as well. It happens in Makkah, some have become more in harbor Shama, some have become Martha, but there was a stick around for them. And they serve, there's something that you seem to always think of falling back on, when things don't work right over here. So minorities have their particular position in terms of what you've discussed over here. However,
there are a few words of caution, a few words of caution in conclusion that I want to mention, what we have mentioned about Khilafah, what we have mentioned about Nigeria, what has been mentioned about the outcome of warfare and prisoners and all of these things, when we live in a minority situation. And you know, in all honesty, we need to say that this difference between minority and majority is, is actually fading away. Because the world is now this big, global village. You can be living anywhere you exposed to the same kind of things that a minority exposes you to but for argument's sake, we'll speak about it.
In a minority situation, you run the risk, you're gonna see that risk, let's just go to India and 1857 1857 Jihad declared against the British for the jihad did not succeed. What did we do after that?
Two streams, two directions Muslims took two directions. One is the direction you know if you and I are related to that we stem from those that said consolidate Dean right now, the mother is established in the preserve what we can and then there was another tradition, it was other deletion led by people such as Soviet Arma con.
His student is associate Molly Ciara, Holly, and that other fellow that was a Mirza Hola, Mama Qadiani as well. They started something else, if for lack of a better term and call it dilution. Jihad doesn't mean that which we think it to be. We cannot make jihad against the British it's wrong. Maulvi Sherif Ali wrote a critical exposition of the popular jihad. So he had wrote what he wrote well known Mirza ala Muhammad cardijn. His point of departure was the same thing, no jihad against the British any longer. Now, when we live in a minority situation, then sometimes in order to acclimatized and be part of things, we tend to then bend over backwards in order to explain away
and make palatable to the society amongst which we live and start explaining certain things away.
It's it goes by a certain name, they call it apologetics ism. If you get into apologetics No, no, it doesn't mean that the Hadees not that it means this thing here. We run the risk of falling into that. No, Jihad will be the ILA yo mele Kiama. With jihad is a property hub. That's a different question. But Jihad will be to the AFTR Let not the minorities become the starting point for the dilution of the what needs to happen elsewhere needs to happen. There's no jihad in South Africa. We are living in a Benevolent Society. There is no jihad in all of these minorities that we live. But if some country Muslim Muslim country gets invaded in some parts of the world, they're going to have
to do what they have to do.
If someone tries to do something to correct normalize the abnormal situation they have to do what they have to do, but we must not make the mistake of diluting Dean to such an extent that he completely explain it away. Sometimes what molvi Ciara Holly, but males are hula Macaca Danny and me back then we find some very orthodox people become guilty of sometimes let's not cross that particular line. That is one of the tests of a minority don't cross that line. Secondly, assimilation.
The second problem is assimilation. When you live as a minority, you're always under risk of just melting into the world.
At work of the society in which you live, we can see the assimilation you want to see it go to North South America, the Arabs that went over there, some 6080 90 or whatever amount of time it was, they went over there and what happened? They did not take the proper precautions. The result of it is how many ex Muslims are there. How many children ex Muslims are there that have completely lost themselves? So a minority while you know you can stay there under the circumstances as I've tried to sketch out here some of the other but you have certain duties and one of the most important is preservation of your deen. Among those Maqasid of Sharia that one is probably the Paramount one. So
by law is a modality by all means don't lose what you have. Don't assimilate. assimilation is one of the strongest demands being made by the world of coffee which we love. The new coffee Jana come in Argentina, Aleta wouldn't love me Latina. Elsewhere, they said that what? Just change your deen a little bit wider. Lotta Haruka Cadila changer in Makkah, they say to Rasulullah sallallahu Sallam just changes a bit and Jay changed and assimilate into our society, then we'll slap you on the back and say good Muslim, good Muslim, you are the proper type of this Muslim should be we run the errands do not assimilate, do not get so apologetic that we lose what is part and parcel of the deen
of Muhammad Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
And then the last one, the last point of caution that I want to mention is that of vigilance. While there is benevolence in the societies in which we live, we have to take note of the fact that there is a NEO fascism on the rise in many of the countries that we witness elsewhere in the world, a NEO fascism on the rise, a situation of a we don't want these Muslims in our countries any longer. But those parties fortunately have not yet very much coming to power in some countries. But we see what's happening in France, in Britain, they are those particular parties in Australia, they happen to be those particular parties. Look, we Alhamdulillah our problems is one of the ANC in the DA we
are still sitting within Kandla Al Hamdulillah. That's not our major problems for now. But what happens elsewhere can happen here as well. So the duty of vigilance is a duty of the Allama the permission to live in a minority is provided that you keep your eyes peeled for any of these kinds of things that might happen. And when it is required in the Obama must give the necessary guidance. It should not become that descendants of people who said we are living as minorities will eventually say my father used to be a Muslim it was falls into something else. But it depends upon to what extent are we going to keep the institutions that keep Dean alive? To which extent are we going to
keep those things those doors open the massage, the NAMA, Doris, and all of these things that Allah has given us. There are a number of misunderstood texts as we're supposed to have spoken about this earlier. But for the last five minutes that are available, Inshallah, a number of misunderstood text people mentioned to our youth, you know, there's a hadith Rasulullah sallallahu sallam said, and arbury Amin Cooley Muslim in your claim obey an authorial Mushrikeen
so they say, how could you ever live in a mushy container be Salah Sam said, I dissociate myself from you, but nothing to do with you. Much of the problem we have here, you know what the was was in Sofia undeploy. Jana, Sandra said, what hadith of medulla and medulla to Illa. Info kaha. Don't just read the vibe of the Hadith and start making Pamela pani. We saw that problem elsewhere in our feed and feed and so many other problems. There's one of them, just consider the Subbable, warlord of the Hadith. It was an actual state of war, Muslims were attacking a certain tribe, and there were other Muslims living amongst the tribe when the killing starts and you're going to be subjected to Islam
that was within there to pay you. What did he have to pay?
What's the time you had to play blood money for them paid half the blood money for that's when he made the statement. And then the Sahaba asked but why he didn't say why not? He just said la Tatara na Houma he must be so far apart from one another. He didn't see them as come live in Medina means they usually say don't live amongst them live separate from them to such an extent that you can't see the fire but you still got the module. It's still not in Madina. Munawwara you live in there, just don't live there where you can be hurt, where you can be hurt when the fight eventually comes. That is a suburban route of daddy. He didn't tell them all of you must make a gelato. Madina
Munawwara Imam tahari, Rahim Allah and mosquito artha argues of the point, you know, the law here at the button factory, the Hanafi. I take the view that he's been so and he mentioned the really interesting Hadith in this particular regard. He mentioned something how do you as a hobby but the name of the day comes Rasulullah sallallahu Sallam he says what Allah in Nahmias. Omona a number an enormous Annamma lamb you heard Jill halacha that's what people are saying no Hegira you're gonna so that's what Allah Salah does. Allah says He says to him, yeah, for the sake of me Salah what are these Zakka one Julie Sue, using the word Hazara was your Asou was coming out of the shower mica he
thought she
was coming out of the shower mica highly associated.
So there was no duty upon him to make his yeah
unnecessarily right now, this Hadith from Rasulullah Salallahu Salam as well. So when we consider these in the length of our human Malika this ayat will be mentioned the Hadith will be mentioned it will mentioned Hegira will remain till the day of karma, yes, the gem holds us IJA will remain till the day of karma. But before that Hijra is going to be undertaken, then I will just like that something else goes into the situation, all of those demographic and immigration and logistic and the long term view all of that must be considered. It's a different world from the one of one single Muslim and becomes a Muslim and that will happen so make sure that all of these things need to be
considered together. I think you have come to the end of my tether and
thought is somewhat dry as well. So
we'll end off here inshallah.
We'll end off here, I think I've covered all that I needed to cover. So welcome to Dawa Anna and Al hamdu Lillahi Rabbil Alameen wa sallahu wa salam ala Sayyidina Muhammad wa early he was a big man