The Revival #19
Date:
Channel: Muhammad West
Series: Muhammad West - Ramadan 2024 - The Revival
File Size: 18.39MB
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AI Generated Summary ©
The history of the umberland during the Middle East conflict is discussed, including the rise of Sirholder Ab Bon and the fall of the first Greek queen. The Mamlips resistance movement uses a gradual decline in offensive to prevent future attacks and a warfare system to destroy citizens. The Empire takes control of Syria and uses a strategy of protecting cities and moving the culinary army. The Empire eventually takes control of Syria and describes a strategy of protecting cities and moving the culinary army.AI Generated Transcript ©
How's everybody doing?
Night number 19.
Did we end off anything interesting yesterday?
So we mentioned the perhaps the worst
moment in our history as Ummah.
Basically, since the demise of the Nabi al
Salam, we could say no catastrophe was worse
than those 30 years in the middle of
the,
13th century where Andalusia fell. And then the
Mongolians first destroyed Khwarezm,
and they came back 2 20 years later
to destroy Baghdad.
Every single major city left in ruins,
massacring the whole population,
destroying a 1000 years of legacy of learning.
And our Khalifa, the Khalifa of the Ummah,
even though he was nominal, but he was
someone at least someone that for the first
time in the history of Islam,
did a foreign army enter the capital of
of of, of Islam and kill its Khalifa.
This was something unique. And we mentioned how
they moved, the Mongolians
of,
they moved through the Muslim lands, through Neishapur,
Bukhara, Persia, modern day Iraq. They enter into
Syria, and there's only one last little kingdom
left, the Ayyubid Kingdom, which Salahuddin had established.
This is the last kingdom that remains, and
the Mongolians
send a letter basically saying submit or die.
You are the last to remain.
The historians at the time believed this was
kiyama and they believed this is the end
of Islam. This was the aljuj aljuj.
They mentioned that people were so weak that
a Mongolian lady,
she would line up a 100 men and
she would execute them 1 by 1 until
her sword and knife became blunt. She said
the rest of you wait. I'll come back.
And she'll come back the next day and
they will still stand there waiting to be
slaughtered. They won't even have the courage to
run away. So the Ummah was at this
low point.
So what happens? Where do we go from
here? So we said Egypt
is the last man standing really. Egypt Egypt
and,
remember Salahuddin ruled Egypt and Syria, the Ayyubid
dynasty.
Obviously, when this happens or just before this
happened, there's a crusade going on and there's
internal civil war, as you would, you know,
just before the Mongolians arrive. So we turn
the clock back about 10 years before the
Mongolians
sacked Baghdad. What's going on in the Ayuba
dynasty? The Ayuba dynasty is broken.
It has an Amir in Syria, an Amir
in in Egypt, and they're fighting one another.
And the Amir of of of of of
Syria of Egypt, the Amir of Egypt is
basically on the losing end. And,
the Ayyubids also had a a policy of
because they couldn't trust one another, everyone is
trying to outdo one another. The only people
they could trust were their personal slaves, and
they established a group called the Mamluks. Mamluks
actually means a slave, your owned. They would
there were many refugees, people that were enslaved.
Remember the Mongolians are coming? And they are
capturing and enslaving millions of people and selling
them. So the slave markets
and they would be completely loyal to the
amir, the sultan. Because you can't trust your
brother, but you can trust your mamluk.
And so the
Ayyubids had a bureaus a soldier group called
the Mamluks.
Also,
the queen of Egypt, another interesting character, this
lady, her name was,
Ismat ad Din.
Her name is Shadr Adur, the pearl the
the tree of pearls. She was a slave
girl given to the emir of of of
Egypt
and very smart, very intelligent. Obviously, she's beautiful.
You you know, you're not gonna be given
a gift, unless she was pretty. And within
1 year, she went from being a concubine
slave to being the wife of the emir.
Very smart, very clever. She became the queen
of Egypt.
Now
when the emir of Egypt was being ousted
by his fellow,
Syrians, she encouraged him to bring more of
these Mamluks. She's also a Mamluks. She's from
this this this and the Mamluks actually come
from the Caucasus Mountains, Ukraine. So these are
European features, but they're Muslim. You know, they
are indoctrinated to be Muslim from
children, and she says bring more of my
people, and this is the people around,
the Amir of Egypt. So finally, he is
able to come with the help of his
Mamluks. He's able to regain his position in
Egypt and just as he arrives,
the king of France
invades Egypt for a 7th crusade. I mean,
by now, the, you know, the Europeans haven't
they're still into this thing and they invade
Egypt. And as the king of France arrives,
this is 10 years before Baghdad is is
is is destroyed,
he arrives in Egypt.
The king of Egypt, Amir Adaiyub, he dies.
He dies of a disease.
So the queen
assembles the Mamluks.
She's a Mamluk, a slave, origin they were.
I mean, they were bought and sold as
children. And she said, look, an army has
come. If we tell our people that the
just as the Crusaders arrived, that the king
is dead, you know, Egypt is basically gonna
give up. What are we gonna do? So
the Mamluks agree, we'll keep the news of
the Amir being dead, we'll keep it secret,
and we will run the government. And we
are gonna try and stop the king of
France ourselves, and he was the most powerful
monarch in in in in, in Europe. And,
subhanallah, you even have his letter when he
wrote a letter to, he wrote a letter.
What he thinks is the king of Egypt,
but, of course, the king is dead. He
says, I've warned you many times and I've
given you a lot of, that even if
you come to me now expressing your Christian,
even if you converted to Christianity, we will
not spare you and your people. Look at
and he says, look at what we've done
to your people under Lucia.
We have made their women widows. We have
made their children orphans. We are basically making
them Christian, and the same will be done
to you. That my soldiers will fill your
fields, and you are basically you have no
chance against us. I'm not even giving you
the option of surrender. I'm going to kill
you. So the king of France, extremely arrogant,
he comes with his army. He arrives, and
he conquers one city after the other, and
now he's marching towards the capital of Egypt,
Al Mansurah.
The Mamluks,
I mean, these guys were bred
purely for fighting.
And they said they've got a a plan.
What they're going what what they their plan
is allow him to invade the capital, allow
the army to enter the capital without resistance.
He thinks there's no resistance, there's no army.
Let him come in. And the minute he
enters Mansurah,
he finds the city is deserted and they
shut him in. It's basically a trap. And
from all corners, the Mamluks
basically descend on them. They burn his ships,
and the entire army of the Crusaders is
destroyed. Even the king of France himself is
captured, and they're ransoming back to France for
1 third of its GDP.
Right? So the Mamluks completely and this was
a
the queen of Egypt, a slave woman, and
the Mamluks
basically
completely destroyed the 7th Crusade.
When they apply to the Khalifa, it's still
there. This is before the Mongolians. Right? They
apply to the Khalifa of Baghdad and say,
look, we the Ayub, which is no more.
We are now the custodians of Egypt. They
found it extremely offensive. How can you slaves
want to be in charge of Egypt? And
a woman on top of that because they
established her as queen first. So she said,
fine. I'll abdicate. I'll put one of the
other Mamluks. They said no. So they were
not gonna recognize them, and they said, you
bring 1 of the Syrian Ayyubids to come
and take over Egypt. They said no problem.
We'll bring an Ayyub Ayyubid and do this.
And they completely disgrace them, look down on
them that these are slaves, these are no
use.
Then the Mongolians arrive into Baghdad.
That same Khalifa that rejected the Mamluks,
actually, we said yesterday, wrapped up in a
carpet and rode to death, and the entire
Baghdad
is collapsed. They invade Syria. The Ayubuds surrender
completely.
They said, we want nothing. We're not gonna
fight. Go ahead, Mamluk. Mongolians, you can take
over. The Mamluk says, no. We are not
gonna surrender.
We will not surrender. So they are in
Egypt,
this tiny this last bastion of of of
resistance,
slaves
bought and sold.
They are the ones they get the letter.
So the Mongolians send a letter to the
Mamluks, and again, a a very fiery letter.
It says to them,
the the Mongolian
ruler writes to him, and he says, we
there's not a single country in the world
that stood against us and survived.
You are a bunch
slaves. Our
my forces are like the pebbles on the
ground.
You have one
last chance to surrender,
hand Egypt over to us, or we will
exterminate
everyone in Egypt, and we'll destroy every mosque
in Egypt, and we will have there'll be
nothing left but ruin. And we're not we're
not we're not it's not a warning. It's
a promise. You can count the cities. Look
at what we did to China.
Bukhara,
Neishapur,
Baghdad, your Khalifa
could not stand against us. Syria could not
stand. You think you're gonna stand against us?
So the man the Mamluks,
they have this delegation of
ambassadors from Mongolia,
asking what should they do. The Mamluks discuss,
what should we do? So
the leader of the Mamluks, his name is
Baybars.
Basically, it means the the head panther, and
he, and it's it's it's it's it's tight
titles. Right? He's the guy that strategized the
defeating of
Crusaders. And they said, look,
if we're gonna make a decision, we're gonna
make a firm decision.
We are not people to surrender. We're not
only gonna say no,
we're gonna do exactly what's gonna guarantee our
death is we will say no by executing
the ambassadors, and we'll send their body parts
back in half to the Mongolians.
This is our response.
Now remember, this is why
originally, Genghis Khan invaded Islam, invaded the Muslim
Ummakus. The Amir killed one of his
ambassadors. Baybars kills all of the ambassadors that
comes from Mongolians, send them back in bags
to the Mongolians. He says, bring it.
Bring it. So
who is this guy Babirus?
He's, as you said, a child slave who
was bought by the Ayubids staying his whole
life in warfare,
completely disciplined him and his his,
regiment,
rises up to be the chief general of
of of the Ayubids, and now he's in
charge of trying to strategize and trying to
stop the most powerful army in the world
with a very small group of Mamluks that
they have.
So the armies of Mongolia move through Syria.
Every every city, every village capitulates gives in,
and they move towards Jerusalem.
The Mamluks send their army
towards meet them. They don't wanna meet them
in Egypt. They said we will meet them
in
in, Jerusalem and or in Palestine, and they
just as it would be Qadralla,
they the place in which they meet is
called Ain Jalut. It's the place where Nabi
Dawood killed Goliath. Ain Jalut, the spring of
Goliath. That's the name of the place. That's
where they they,
meet the Mongolian army.
And
and we have a lot of details with
regards to this battle
that he it requires so the strategy was
this.
The Mongolians know that we are much less,
and they are so confident that once they
see us retreating,
they would push and they want to destroy
us completely. Look. They're not gonna leave any
one of us alive, so they're gonna go
after us. We want to retreat in a
way where we put them into a trap.
So we have to and this is it
requires a lot of precision. You need to
fight
and kind of lose tactically,
give ground tactically so that they feel that
they are moving and and and and overrunning
you until they find themselves into a trap.
And this is exactly what Baybars did with
his Mamluks,
extremely disciplined warriors.
They had a gradual defeat slowly but surely
until the the Mongolian army was in a
ridge, and then the rest of the Mamluks
basically surrounded them. And the Mongolians were not
going to give up. They fought. In fact,
they said they got off their horses. Now
when they get off their horses, because these
are horse people, they spend more time on
the horse than on the ground. When they
get off the horse, that means we're gonna
fight hand to hand. We are not gonna
run back. And so the Mongolian army fought
to the bitter end, but they were defeated.
The first time
in the history for the last 50 years,
a Mongolian army was stopped.
The the Mamluks
defeated them, and it showed the world that
these people are not invincible, that they can
be defeated,
and that a superior
class of soldier was out there. And with
that, the Mongolians within
they stopped their advance. And as we said,
this was the last ditch between
mongo the mongo the Mongol army, Jerusalem, Mecca,
and Medina. Because the objective was we're gonna
destroy Jerusalem, we'll destroy Mecca and Medina, and
we'll end Islam. This was the stated objective,
we're gonna end your religion. And the Mamluks
stopped them. These the same slaves
that the rest of the kings and the
Khalifa said, there's no way you guys can
be recognized as the rulers.
After they had defeated, the Bawis, the Mongolians
of Adaniyah, this was just one of the
armies at Ain Jalut, Baybars
becomes the amir of of of of of
the Ayuba the Ayuba dynasty now ends. This
is where Salahuddin's dynasty ends and the Mamluks
take over a new dynasty. They rule Egypt
and they take control of Syria and they
systematically push the Mongolians
out of every out of every city. Remember
the Crusaders were allied with the Mongolians.
He does away with all the Crusader states
and he sets up the the Mamluk Kingdom
now. It's designed to to defend itself against
any Mongol invasion. He restructured the entire empire
or the entire dynasty so that he learned
from every every invasion what the Mongolians would
do. They would invade a city at a
time.
If all these cities were able to you
rally
quickly, you can't defeat everybody.
And so he devised an extremely efficient way
of how to alert with towers and with
a very quick spy network that when the
Mongolians came and they invaded many times, he
was able to dispatch battalions and regiments to
stop them. And, of course, to show how
effective, they continued to fight the Mongolians for
another 30 years and they only lost one
battle against the Mongolians. They defeated the Mongolians
every single time. Mongolians could not defeat or
break the Mamluks.
The only person that eventually defeated the Mamluks,
Napoleon Bonaparte,
when he invades Egypt in the 19th century
with cannons, defeats the Mamluks. And even he
said, when I saw these men, they were
a class of their own, their ability, their
strength, their riding ability, but, of course, against
a cannon, there's not much you can do
against a cannon. And
this, once again, as we said and now
you're going to when we talk about as
we get closer to our time, the caliphate
now shifts
from Baghdad
to Egypt for a brief period of time.
The Khalifa now
some obscure member of the Abbasid family has
found some distant cousin's nephew who is somehow
related to the Khalifa. He is brought to
Egypt, and that is the Khalifa in name,
but the Mamluks, of course, rule. And Baybars,
this man,
one of the one of the few people
in history who had the honor of defending
both Jerusalem, Mecca, and Medina, and he builds
all these massages. He builds he expands the
Haram of Mecca, Medina, and of course, he
moves the crusaders from the Levant. And,
really is amazing in terms of the bureaucracy
and the strategy, the structures that he had.
And I said it stood until the colonial
period, until Napoleon comes in 19th century. The
the Mamluks are still there, and they're still
ruling Egypt. And,
Beibers eventually, of course, dies and he's buried
next to Salahuddin.
Buried right next to Salahuddin in Egypt. And
so, things
that we've learned from the most unexpected places,
Allah will keep this ummah together. Hadith, we've
not added any. There's a hadith in Sahih
Muslim where the Nabi says Allah rolled the
world out in front of me and I
saw the eastern most places and the western
most places and I saw my ummah expanding
to every corner of the world. And then
I made duaya Allah Let my ummah
never be destroyed by a single
enemy. Let not an enemy destroy us completely
and let not one natural disaster wipe us
out completely. And Allah responds and says, your
ummah will reach the ends of the world.
No enemy would ever destroy and wipe them
out. And no natural disaster will ever wipe
them out.
But what will remain in them is fighting
amongst themselves. This will remain until Qiyamah. And
as we can see,
exactly as the prophet predicted and said, this
is what we see in the Ummah. No
enemy will ever wipe this Ummah out. No
no matter how
weak we are, Allah will cause someone to
stand up against the enemies. But the weakness
lies internally, and we ask Allah grant us
strength once again. We continue tomorrow, and we'll
talk about Sheikh Islam Bint Amir and the
next revival on our series.
Last night's question,
who was the Mongol ruler
when the Khwarezm
empire in was invaded? Who who was the
ruler of the Mongolians? Of course, it's Genghis
Khan,
a man who has, basically killed more people
in history than anybody else. And then, we
asked today today's question, at which battle did
Babur stop Qiyama? Remember that Ullama believed this
is Qiyama? In fact, they're also the Aljujama
Hajuj. This is Aljujama Hajuj. They believe it's
Qiyama. At what place is it?
In in Mongol. So it's a easy question.
The 2 yellows are the same.
2 yellows are the same.
Okay.
Let's see.
Okay.
Abdul Malik Osman is not here. He was
here yesterday. Abdul Malik is not here today.
Yacine Francis.
Warda Nakhadin?
She here? Yes. Not yet tonight.
Alma Salih?
Yes.
Not yet tonight either.
Okay.
Same names,
Antifarita
again.
Okay.
Okay.
Okay.