Jamal Badawi – Political System of Islam 9 – Virtues Of Ali Respect For Predecessors

Jamal Badawi
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The conversation covers the history and contributions to the field of medicine, including the use of manipulative drugs and the development of new drugs in various fields. It also touches on the use of languages and the influence of culture on science and medicine. The transcript provides insight into the origins and contributions of various scientists and medical fields, including the use of words like "monster" and "monster" in English to describe professional physicians and their influence on the field. The transcript also discusses the history and characteristics of modern hospitals, including the use of robots and drug treatment, the treatment of diseases, and the recruitment of nurses and students for treatment. Finally, the transcript describes the structure of Muslim hospitals and their functions, including the use of pharmacy and drug treatment, and the treatment of diseases.

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			And ever since the merciful
		
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			universe facing blessings upon the servants of Mr. mahama forever, I mean, I greet you with a good
thing that is common in Islam. Assalamu Aleikum, it means please Bianchi on your house time of
wishing to go we have a nice program in our series dealing with the economic system of Islam in our
discussion of the topic of production and productivity with an examination of Muslim contributions
to the fields of medicine and geography. I'm your host, Tamar Rashid and I have joining me on the
program is Dr. Jamal Bradley over the Secretary's University over tomorrow Assalamu alaikum alaikum,
Salaam Alaikum.
		
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			Could I have a very quickly highlight, summarize the main points that he touched on in his program
		
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			last week, certainly.
		
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			His program focused mainly on Muslim contribution to the fields of mathematics and physics, and
mathematics, we spoke about the introduction of the Arabic numerals, and the concept of zero which
led to a revolution in mathematics. And we examine some particular fields such as algebra, which was
initiated by a review in the ninth century, and from wisdom can determine
		
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			a contribution to areas such as geometry, and trigonometry. And he said that these things were the
first to use some custom, the reputations in the fields of calculus and commercial arithmetics. In
very well physics, we spoke
		
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			in health science, or in his in his work in optics, which was the basis for research in this area
for several centuries, and had the 5g influence on Dec on Kepler. In Finally we spoke briefly about
the invention of the compass, and also contribution to our area, such as the hydrostatics, and
hydraulics.
		
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			We're now moving to today's topics. First of all, looking at the question of medicine, could you
explain for us and
		
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			the contributions to the field of medicine may may be related to the Islamic teachings, when the
interest of Muslims in the field of medicine is related to teachings in more than one way?
		
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			First of all, it is related to the ethics of Islam, and that the human body is regarded as a trust
in our hands given by God so that we can fulfill our trusteeship on earth.
		
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			And as such, we have no right according to Islamic ethics to destroy that body. That's why we
mentioned emulation in several series before that suicide is forgiven.
		
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			We have no right to abuse that body that is given to us by God,
		
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			whether we value the production or production of
		
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			a drink drinking for example, products or harmful drugs or prohibition of pork, and not under this,
you find also that there are certain other preventative measures also that is can which have some
bearing on medicine. This includes, for example, encouraging people to see keywords when they are
sick, as we find medical
		
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			technology and
		
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			and assume that the profit when he says that when declared which was a serious contagious disease,
it takes hours in one place, don't lose it and don't enter which is the modern concept of
		
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			your current team. And then hence regulations to continue.
		
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			Also the recommendation that the Prophet needed to give attention to the body when he says to your
body also there is a claim or new
		
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			symptom rituals of Islam if you will use the term ritual like the prayers for example. We find that
it's very much connected with personal hygiene and cleanliness and the duration. Frequent bathing
		
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			encouraged me to sport is part of it because I can do prayer that includes the Bible testing. We
have discussed that also in the series on pillars
		
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			plan has also some beneficial benefits, health wise. So in more than one respect, you can say that
Muslim interest in medicine is somewhat tied in with the overall outlook of Islam towards life,
human body, and health care and protection.
		
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			Now, from your understanding of the history of Muslim contributions to medicine, limited the
contribution to the field of medicine first began. in
		
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			earnest in history in particular, you can say that women seem to be those of Muhammad peace be upon
him. There have been an increasing interest in in health, both preventative and remedial. In fact,
the use of new doctors Dr. Stein called al Harris been killed. And the purpose is to recommend
people get sick to go and seek some cure. That is at the time when most people believe the miracle
cure is worth
		
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			it even in the eighth century, we'll find that some beginning of scientific interest if you will, in
medicine emerged, and many of the works in medicine were translated among the prominent translators
is a man with a man by the name of
		
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			in the ninth century, however, we witnessed a great deal of development in medicine. And perhaps the
most prominent name in the ninth century is suffering
		
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			in English, guises, HIV or *.
		
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			He was the chief physician in the hospital General Hospital in Baghdad. And as historians describe
him, is perhaps one of the greatest physician of the home of the so called Middle Ages.
		
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			A very nominal encyclopedia, which was described by john Draper as an Indian medical encyclopedia
which remained for about 600 years as one of the primary sources of knowledge about medicine. In
Europe, according to Draper also, a phrase that
		
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			arises arises
		
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			duck on measles and smallpox was regarded also as one of the most authoritative writings in the
field and remain
		
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			in use in Europe for
		
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			nearly 100 years after and even surprisingly, it can be 18th century, more specifically in 1745 has
been book was still being translated and used as a basis for understanding this, these types of
		
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			diseases.
		
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			The same person also allegedly, was inspired by a scene of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon hitting
record in the Korean history in which the prophets recommended the use of cold water to deal with
persistent fever. So he will use it quite effectively.
		
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			He was able also to introduce the use of manipulatives and capping
		
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			it in fact, according to another historian, the one that we quoted quite frequently in this last few
programs,
		
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			certainly
		
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			when he talks about the history of science, so that many contributions in the cotton mill
contribution to gynecology, obstetrics, and ophthalmic surgeons, eye surgery can be traced back to
him.
		
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			In the 10th century, we find that this contributions continued also by others, mostly physicians.
		
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			One of the famous news is the sad, who was the first one to write in a systematic way, on the
subject of Pediatrics, or children.
		
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			In addition to contribution also to gynecology and obstetrics. Some of his works also translated
into Hebrew, in Latin,
		
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			about the same period also the 18th century. And Martin was a famous physician who was particularly
known for his ability in vitro fertilization of medicines about him, sure, certain cells in his
first 699 in the court, that will compile at a specific time, which was immensely popular in
medieval Europe. For centuries, it's remained the standard work on the subject.
		
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			Now, historians mentioned the name of a senior is a legend in the history of medicine. I think that
name may be a little bit distorted from physics is my tongue is twisted into its Islamic origins,
but it's
		
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			Can you tell us a little bit about this? This individual and how did he acquire this thing? When the
Arabic numerals Yeah, because it's not exactly in
		
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			English when you're standing at the center of a single
		
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			Arabic speaking sooner.
		
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			Sooner is a listen, because he combined between being a scientist, philosopher, physician.
		
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			I'm not evaluating him now as a philosopher. In fact many mysteries we have some reservations about
some of his philosophical ideas, but looking at his contribution as a scientist position,
		
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			it can help us to understand the kind of atmosphere that existed in the nervousness windows where
		
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			scientific investigation was encouraged with freedom of thought was very highly valued in society.
It was seen out as a sin number 10, the 11th century and the Christian era. And among his most
important works in medicine is something called
		
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			an English canon. Our presets of medicine composed of five volumes covering such subjects as
physiology, hygiene, pathology, therapeutics,
		
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			according to historians, particularly mysteries of science, like George Sefton is that for 600
years, this Canon Canon medicine by Messina ever named as the supreme authority in medicine. In
fact, he mentioned that it was the basis of all medical studies in French and Italian universities,
or faculties of medicine.
		
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			In fact, it's really surprising to notice that some of the works I've ever seen in medicine, were
translated and used in European universities as well as the 18th century and according to some
externals as, even as the early 19th century, that's more than, you know, almost 100 years after his
death. He also wrote a pharmacopoeia, which included the 760 grads and how they can be, you know,
prepared, which again reflected the excellence that Muslim scientist achieved in chemistry, which
was possible to apply
		
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			the pharmacology
		
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			of medicine, but often our mind goes to the question of surgery. How about surgery? When did the
Muslims get involved in this particular field, when they get involved in surgery as early as the
11th century.
		
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			In the 11th century, maybe before even back in the 11th century, we get to historical accounts of
surgery to extract the cataract problem with the eyes. And they used to do that by extraction of a
crystalline lens.
		
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			They were also able to treat hemorrhage, yoga particularly skillful in the use of cartelization.
		
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			Among the famous surgeons, in the entire human ages, as they are called, is accustomed and our best.
Again in English. It's ever again. The column Abacuses
		
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			who lived in Cordova and Muslim spillin and the Muslim world. It was the end of the 11th century and
early 20th century
		
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			about Apple custom or Abacuses
		
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			septum. And he says volume says that he exerted a very deep influence upon the development of
European surgery down to the renaissance of 699. And historian also back to the subject, john
Jeffers, who we quoted before also says that the the surgical works by Abacus has
		
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			continued to be used in Europe, as well as 1497. So that's the very end of the 15th century.
		
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			In addition to this other person, also that a medical encyclopedia composed of 30 sections covering
a wide variety of problems, but he has no particularly excellence in the surgical treatment of eyes,
ears and tooth doesn't have that suppression between dental and general medicine.
		
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			It is interesting to note is that in the rankings of another semester for doctors, or doctor
philosophy, even risk averse, as known in the West, in the 12th century.
		
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			Verse gives illustrations of sections of the brains and eyes insures the nerves and the illustration
of some of the set
		
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			instruments used by Muslim surgeons and we can converse again.
		
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			Now, I think most of us have the impression that the anesthetics I believe laser rendering people
unconscious is something that's relatively new in the field of medicine. And yet, you're making
mention of operations and surgery are being performed. And these are very times what what did the
missing physicians use to measure their patients unconscious? And these are the times when there's
clear evidence that they were able to because of course, you can go through some of these operations
really without some form of anesthesia. According to john Jeffers, he said the physicians knew about
		
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			the red balloons was a kind of plant called the dominant Dr. Dr. M L. Diamond, and was to administer
that in a gradual way until the patient became becomes totally unconscious and undergo the
operation. So they knew something was it.
		
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			Now are there any other notable contributions that we should touch on at this point, before we
examine other aspects, we want to examine some other aspects of medicine. Well, there are too many
ready to.
		
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			to include a program like this, my best recommendation would be to refers to the very excellent work
done by Jeff passing on the introduction to the history of Sciences where there is no problems of
		
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			contribution, but perhaps I can give you also a few more interesting contributions. For example, in
useless
		
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			are spent under Muslim role. One of the notable positions was known, again dollars in
		
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			the Latin
		
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			form it's observed.
		
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			It was also the first one to write on cottony
		
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			he was outstanding, particularly in the treatment of skin diseases, the mythology as we call it
today, dislocations and fractures.
		
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			In the 16th century, a famous Muslim physician by the name of Eddie Murphy's lived in Serbia. And he
wrote a great deal about how genuine imbalance, which some people regard as a relatively new field,
it's not even about direct enhance. And he demonstrated and that perhaps, was one of the amazing
things he demonstrated the circulatory system. And that was, we're talking about citizenship. That
was 300 years before the Portuguese physician by the amount of service at the Mt. Seven
		
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			was able to take administered and many people think that it was that particularly efficient who know
the scullery but in fact,
		
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			in addition to this, we find that Muslim physicians showed some interest and confidence also in
psychopathology,
		
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			they were successful in the treatment of psychological
		
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			or using psychological treatments for some of the patients, which is something many people would
consider ahead of their.
		
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			Now, medicine, hospitals course always go together. When was the first hospital built by
		
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			what we did with hospitals, nobody should make a distinction between two types. There is the mobile
hospital, and then the permanent ones. If you take the first kind of the modern hospitals, you can
say that these things do that as early as the surgeon Surgeon General, the lifetime of Prophet
Muhammad peace be upon him.
		
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			For example, in the famous battle, the change or 100, when Muslims were in Medina, and the parents
came to attack them, and the perfect attendance to be back around the city to defend it. In
preparation for the battle, also, he already had one big tent to be set for the explicit purpose of
dealing with the casualties or in the treatment of the injured during the peacetime. The concept of
modern hospitals was used quite effectively.
		
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			In fact, the footnotes here many of us in this area has been impressed by a recent TV program that
showed another conductor who took his mobile home and started touring the remote areas where people
have no access to doctors and still need for some time in every place, you know, to keep the
patients and immunity for the guy back as a very admirable which is it is a humanitarian justice.
That is not limited to the 20th century. In fact,
		
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			Muslims have extensively use this modern hospitals to look after the needs of people in Rome.
		
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			Areas except in the beginning, for the first half of the 20th century. So it took about 10 years
ago.
		
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			And we find that those historical
		
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			narrative about administers a review, during the time by the name of a sudden Java, wrote a letter
to the chief physician in Baghdad by the name of Sofia Cabot. And he simply told him that there are
so many people around in this world who have no access to health care. Why don't you send us a kind
of novel hospital with some no medicine and physicians alongside robots. And it is stated that there
have been quite a few of these modern hospitals during different places history and described them
as well equipped hospitals. Even though there were Paragon cannons, that's the best we could survive
by. Since that, we will have no mobile homes because we have to do but a hospital or the mobile
		
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			hospital included everything from food,
		
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			drugs,
		
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			surgical instruments, as well as physicians also accompany them and kept moving from one place to
the other. In fact, one historian say that in the time of the synthetic errors being September,
		
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			this modern hospitals, we can say that that one of them required as many as 40, cannons, to carry,
you know, equipments, medicines and other things that are needed. In addition to this, an
interesting thing also, that was found is that, in many of the mosques, or some of the mosques,
		
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			they used to have even pharmacy, small pharmacy so that during the day there is an attendance. So if
you're passing by, we had some useful medicine, you can go and you can sell the medicine to you. And
on Fridays, which is the congregational prayer, like there was lots of people come to the mosque, a
doctor would come to the mosque. And after the period he again examine any person who might need
some medical attention as well, because of the mosque of ignorance alone in Cairo.
		
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			clinics that we see in many
		
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			persons, right, right. description of the noble hospitals has been quite graphic, what about the
printed hospitals? Can you give some description of how these not well, and dependent hospitals also
did not take too long to be known among Muslims.
		
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			It is believed that the first one was built in Baghdad during the caliphate of
		
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			the middle, and you're really talking about the first half of the eighth century.
		
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			And then describing the basic structure of Muslim hospitals, they used to have two meanings, one for
females and for males, and then another when there are different holes, each one is assigned for one
particular disease.
		
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			And insofar as the hospital administration is concerned, each of these sections have a head position
in Windows physician in chief for the entire hospital or
		
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			support staff was provided, including nurses, people who look after clothing, food preparation.
		
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			It was said also that many times, the character of himself would make surprise visits, to make sure
that people are treated humanely and looked after in the hospital. They had the system which will
have to go back to having the resident physician in certain shifts and not being available all the
time. They're in the hospital just in case of an emergency. But another interesting thing that the
hospital also is viewed as we view many hospitals today and consider that a modern thing, which is
not really the most reliable hospital. So as a research institute, and historians say that invest in
hospitals after the doctors go around.
		
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			Visiting the patients, they will meet again in a big lecture hall, where the chief physician and
other you know famous physician will be seated and the students,
		
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			medical students as well as young physicians sit down and they'll start an open discussion as to
what kind of cases they have seen. How did the person diagnose the disease which was a very
stimulating type of
		
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			discussion. This kind of permanent hospital was widespread in the land and it is said that in
Cordova under musty screaming again, alone, there were as many as 50 hospitals. Remember one problem
in the past to say
		
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			Back there were nearly 1 million
		
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			during the glory of Sure.
		
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			It is mentioned also, that's an interesting point also, that the middle of this hospital, there used
to be a small farm attached to it, where fresh vegetables and fruits is planted those trees so that
people can eat really
		
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			direct from the hospital. And some of them have the artificial notes, which showed that hospitals
would not just view it as some form of anesthesia, the processes people in and out that as a very
comfortable clothes in terms of furnishing and the aesthetic.
		
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			Beauty also habits and you know, was quite interesting. Another thing that was mentioned by this
hospitals that do is to get people to play humorous scripts to chew up the sick people. And subang
		
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			ones that he heard about trust, special trust that was in Tripoli. Sir, what's going on? Actually, I
should say.
		
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			And that trust supplied funds are the funds were designated to hire two people
		
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			whose duty would be to go around and visit all hospitals around. And they talk to each other when
they pass by patients beds in such a way that deliberately make the patient he has an early look at
the sparkle in his eyes. Or look at the greatness of his face.
		
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			He see that is improved, which is very interesting tests and an interesting idea of the one who
donated money for that test, taking into account the psychological aspects of the treatment. It's
just a silly thing to
		
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			cover this type of hospital
		
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			program. But I'd like to ask you about the questions of admission and in the payment of hospital
births, and so on. Like, can you tell us about the situation with respect to information available
on that shows that treatment was free for all in all of these hospitals that included his terms of
travel as possible by you didn't have to have your MSR or lacrosse or anything, it was all medical.
Everything was 100 years ago.
		
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			A person usually when he entered the hospital usually was examined in an outside home, if his case
is simple, is directed to the pharmacy where he can get some medicine and go home. Otherwise, he is
admitted. And history is also so bad. I mean, this so called Middle Ages, especially human was
recorded, then he goes through dating first before he's admitted. And his clothes, his clothing are
circling and locked up. And he's given special hospital clothing which are closed, then he stays
there. That's the medicine, medical food.
		
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			People will look after washing his clothes also, his or her clothes depending on the person, if a
person start getting over his disease is removed to another place especially designated for
comparison, patient and some disturbing so that the evidence or sign that he is cured, that you'll
be able to eat a whole loaf of bread and hot chicken.
		
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			When the person was discharged from the hospital, if he's poor, you used to be given new clothes.
And in some cases, even some amount of money until he recovers and is able to earn his living again.
The person who come to value them he's washed in the coffin is made and he's
		
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			prepared for a burial.
		
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			Another interesting feature also is that for those who prefer to have their treatment at home, they
were unmarried and medicine was sent to them. And if they were poor, even food was sent to their own
homes.
		
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			In fact, one visitor came in the 12th century to the hospital in Baghdad and the treatment and care
server pretended to be sick. He was admitted the doctor most of his testing for the cure. And after
some time, you know, don't let him stay there as giving him all kinds of foods and foods and
everything. And then after three days there are things that you host people only for three days,
which is
		
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			the maximum so he understood that they knew that he was not set but it was a clear indication of the
kind of care and attention given to
		
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			this thing. Firstly, we don't have any more time left in today's program. Thank you for watching, we
invite you back next week we will continue our series Thank you for watching Assalamu alaikum peace
be unto you