Isam Rajab – Foundations of the Prophetic Sunnah 4/13
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The speaker discusses the distribution of the Hadith hadith and how it can be viewed based on transmission and narrator's authenticity. The narrators must be motivated and believe in their own opinion, but actions can be considered authentic. The distribution is based on transmission and the degree of narrator's authenticity, and it is impossible to say it is always authentic. The heady theory is also discussed, and it is used in various settings, including religion.
AI: Summary ©
Salam Alaikum wa Taala thank you for joining us in the Hadith class. Today inshallah we will discuss one of the divisions of the Hadith according to the number of the narrator's
Hadith is divided to two categories, according to the number of narrators.
From this aspect, HUD is divided to two categories, this modality and Hadith are had
and we will start in Sharla with the Hadith mutawatir. We have many divisions for the Hadith, according to many things, number of narrators authenticity,
the source of the Hadees the end of the Hadith. So, according to the number of transmitters, the number of narrators, we have two categories had this motivator or what we call multiplay narrated or as the doctor commonly mentioned in the book, recurrent and had these are had singularly narrated or solitary as Dr. camellia mentioned. So we have
two categories for the Hadith according to the number of narrators and we will start inshallah with the motivator with the first category.
This is mentioned in the book page 169.
What we will discuss today inshallah it is mentioned in the book, textbook of Hadith page 169. Now stay with me,
we will start with the matamata. So what do we mean by mutawatir linguistically, matamata means Matata in Arabic means continuous or successive.
That's what we mean by matamata.
In the linguistic term, but in Hades terminology.
It's the Hadith, which is narrated by large number of people, so much so that it's inconceivable that they could have all collaborated in order to perpetuate a lie.
That's the definition of Hadith mutawatir. In according to the Hadith terminology, according to Mr. Hall, Hadith,
the Hadith that is narrated by large, and notice large is between quotation marks
by a large number of people, so much so that it is inconceivable that they could have all collaborated in order to perpetuate a lie.
That's what we mean by had this motivator.
It has to be narrated by large number of people, how large scholars differ.
So now, after we knew the definition of the Hadith, we will move to the conditions. When can we
When can we judge that this hadith is motivated? When can we say that this hadith
met the conditions? How many conditions do we have for the Hadith or motivator?
halifa moto moto has four conditions.
It has four conditions.
Once these conditions are met, then we could say this hadith is mutawatir. If one of them is missing, one of them is missing then we cannot say it is matamata.
The first condition to be narrated by many people.
Again, many, how many? there is difference of opinion, the least according to one opinion it has to be for at least for for in every level of the snap. Let's say there are five narrators
one student from his shave from his shave from the successor from the companion from the messenger Salim. So we have five levels. On each level there has to be at least four narrators for this hadith at least this is one opinion another opinion said at least 10
at least 10 another opinion says no at least it has to be 100 scholars different
why because they said in order for us to say it is motivated, we have to guarantee that those people whether it is four, then 100 they did not
conspire to tell a lie. So this is the first condition it has to be narrated by many people. Which means if one one personality, this Hadith, it is not water water. It has to be many people
and this many they have to be in all levels of is not
So let's say five companions from the messenger sighs Salaam here this hadith.
Omar, Osman Ali, Ibn Massoud Abdullah bin Abba. So the llama, we have five people according to an opinion, that's sufficient. But then from all those five people, only one successor, Syed Messiah, Rahim Allah, he hears this hadith.
Then from side we have 100 people took it.
What do we call this hadith? Can we call it mutawatir?
We have 100 people in one of the levels. Can we call it moto moto?
No, we cannot. Because in one of the levels, there was only one narrator. It has to be in every level, this number, if we say, at least 10 people, those 10 people they have to be in every level. If we say four people, those four people they have to be in every level. Like I said, we have a moment Bukhari Rahim Allah, it took it from his shell from ad is there any other scholar took it from another shape, or it's only from alpha, maybe it's only one narrator, then it is not matter whether it is from the end, from the beginning, or from the top, even if it's companions, it has to be at least four
or more.
So if it's one companion, or two or even three, it is not motivated anymore. The minimum, according to one opinion, the minimum it has to be four in every level, if we have five levels, there has to be four, in every level, if we have five levels, then they have there has to be four, and in these four, five levels, and so on.
So there has to be many people, how many, according to an opinion four, according to other opinion, then
they have to be in every level of the internet.
This is the second condition. Number three, the third condition, it's impossible for them to lie in this hadith.
Now the number is critical. But there is another thing. It's impossible for them to lie in this hadith.
How could this happen? Such if someone was in Iraq, and he said something, then another person from another place and he said the same thing.
Then another person from another place? He said the same thing. So what happens here, it's impossible for them, they did not have way of communication, they did not meet each other.
It's impossible for them to lie. So we say this hadith is mutawatir.
So first,
there has to be number of narrators, how much one opinion says for another opinion says more.
And this many, they have to be in every level of the internet.
And the third thing, it's impossible for them. it's inconceivable. As the doctor said in the book, it's inconceivable, inconceivable for them
to collaborate in order to perpetuate a lie. This is number three.
Because remember, if you have 100 people, but they all met together, and they all said Let's lie,
then this hadith is not accepted. Because it's possible for them they were in the same place. It's possible that they liked.
Number four, they relate something with their senses, what they say it has to be something that
they saw or they hear or they they they felt they they they touched
we know the famous, the non the well nonsenses
What do we mean by that? If they relate something, they concluded something they thought something they expected then it is not accepted?
Why? Because they may be wrong.
But when they say I saw and another person came and said I saw and another person also he said i saw i hear I touch then it is accepted.
If they said I felt or I imagined I thought it is not accepted.
Why? Because in the mutawatir you have to have a definite statement.
There is no margin for any error.
It has to be correct.
These are
The four conditions of the Hadith and matamata. Once they are all available, once we have all these for a Hadith, then we could say the Hadith is what?
Hadith is motivated.
The Hadith is motivator.
Okay,
let's say
we have the Hadith.
And this hadith met all these conditions.
So what's the ruling?
Is it authentic? Is it weak?
Is it hassen? or What can you say? How can we give?
How can we credit or discredit a hadith if it's motivated?
scholars of Hadith unanimously agreed that if the Hadith is matamata, then it is automatically What? accepted automatically. Once the Hadith is motivated, then it is automatically accepted. What do we mean by that? we mean by that you don't check on the narrator's.
Now maybe one of the narrators is not trustworthy. Maybe it doesn't matter. Why? Because of the conditions that we listed.
It's impossible for them to perpetuate a lie. Maybe he himself he was a liar. What about the others? It's impossible that they all lied.
Maybe one of them is weak, but what about the rest.
So it's unlike the other ahaadeeth where we check on the narrator. We see if it's authentic, weak, accepted, rejected. matamata is automatically accepted.
Because they gave, they gave you a different thing. Again, that's why we made a condition that they don't conclude things they expect. They saw, they hear
they give you direct thing with their senses, which means it's next to impossible that it's wrong. That's why the Moto otter is accepted. It's the strongest level of the ahaadeeth. Once you say this moto Moto, it's automatically accepted you don't check on the authenticity you don't check on the narrator's.
However, we have two types of the Hadith are motivated.
This Hadith motivator again remember, we said we have two divisions according to the narrator's mutawatir and I had the mutawatir itself it has two categories.
literal mutawatir
What do you mean by literal mutawatir
we mean by literal metadata that it was narrated with the exact wordings
you hear this hadith from 10 people and they said the same thing exactly when you hear the same Hadith from other 10 people with the exact words. So that's what we call literal mutawatir with the exact words
then we have the motivator if the meaning
motivator in the meaning is when the narrator's give you a similar meaning.
It gives you the same meaning but with different wordings little bit
that's we call it metadata in meaning it's not literally mutawatir because you don't have the exact words but the meaning is one they changed a little bit in the meaning but the words what they gave you it gave you the same meaning. So it is two types. Now do you remember any example Can you
tell any example of the Hadith that you hear and you will remember it is Matata? Only one Hadith
Do you remember any Hadith from this category? where it was multiplay narrated in all levels of this net?
Do you think no one remembers one Howdy.
Okay, from the first category, which is the literal mutawatir Yes.
Very good. Very good. That's Matata. Summon cavalleria matamata inflatable Mercado homina whoever lies against the messenger sizer lamp let him reserve his seat and hellfire.
That's what the water and actually it's coming in the examples.
From the first category, which is the literal mutawatir we have the Hadith of the pool,
or the river of the messenger sallallahu sallam, the day of judgment. You all heard this hadith Don't tell me that you don't know the Hadith of the Prophet SAW Selim.
On the day of judgment, people will be given the drink from,
from his house.
Exactly. So you hear this Hadith, this hadith is motivated, it is multiplay narrated
in all levels of the snap.
So this is an example for the first category.
The second category,
we have the hadith of rising the hands while making the dua.
Now when you make the DA, it's recommended to raise your hands. But raising the hands did not come in one exact wordings. Sometimes, the scholar the the companions mentioned that the prophet SAW Selim raised his hands to its extent
until we saw his armpits, sometimes they say, or the Hadith comes that the prophet SAW Selim recommended raising the hands when you are making the drought. So after all these narrations, it becomes definitive that you raise your hands when you make dua, unless there is an exception.
In other times, the prophet SAW Selim said Allah subhanaw taala
is too shy to reject the DA when his servant is raising his hands. So now you have different words, but it gives you the same meaning which is raising the hands while you are making law. So this is multilateral, this becomes motivated. It's different, that you raise your hands when you make the law.
Because sometimes the Hadith comes that the prophet SAW Selim was raising his hands. Sometimes the prophet SAW Selim
encouraged encourage the people to raise their hands. Sometimes the prophet SAW Selim mentioned that Allah will not reject the DA if someone raised his hand. So all these Hadith with different words, they give you the same meaning that you are, you should be when you supplicate you should raise your hands.
So this is the motivator in the meaning.
Another example, just like what basil has said about the hadith of whoever lied against me, this is part of the Hadith actually, the beginning of it, mainly Juan de Well, I
believe, and
this is in both elbow, Hari and Muslim.
Also, the hadith of wiping over the foot covering,
wipe wiping over the foot covering came from more than 70 of the companions of the messenger sallallahu wasallam.
And it became a sign for the people of Fela, sunan Gemma because it was so much so narrated that it became mutawatir
wiping over the foot covering.
And there are other examples
of the hedis mutawatir. Now, we don't have too much I had these, like 4000 4000, the Hardys 4000 5000, we have few compared to the general to the to all the bodies of the messenger Salim, the mutawatir. Hadith are few. Why? Because it's difficult to meet all these four conditions. But once you have these conditions, then the Hadith is motivated. You don't check on it normal. It's correct. It's accepted. Once you hear that this hadith is motivated, then you are 100% certain that the prophet SAW Selim city, it is as if you hear it directly from the messenger sallallahu sallam. That's the degree of certainty when it comes to the matamata. There is as a few here that directly
from the Prophet sallallahu wasallam there is no chance that there is a mistake in this hadith.
The other division, according to the number of transmitters had eaten ahead, we have mutawatir. And we have a had
a had means solitary or singularly generated.
I had in Arabic is the plural of a hat. And that hat means one
who has no similar that's why Allah says in the Quran, Allah who Allahu Ahad.
In Hadees terminology,
it's very simple. Once you know the majority of Hadith, you say, the Hadith
that was narrated by other than the metadata. Or you could say the Hadith that missed any of the mutawatir conditions, any of the four conditions of the metadata conditions
This is the Hadith Allah had.
Because if you go the other way as you try to define it, it will be so too long.
The Hadith that was narrated by one or two or three
and
the Hadith that maybe mentioned something concluded. So it will be long process while you say whatever was not motivated, this is the hardest
because sometimes, you know things by the opposite.
What's the verdict of the law? What?
Is it like Almodovar automatically accepted? Is it automatically rejected? What's the ruling on the Hadith lahat
motivated as we said, you don't check on
the status of the narrator's
their authenticity because it's automatically accepted. While had a flat hat. It could be authentic, it could be weak. It could be Hudson, it depends on
the narrator's you have to do the study of the Hadith Allah had while you don't do the same with the Hadith.
So there is a huge difference between halifa had and Halley's Matata has either had, it could be authentic. It could be not.
It could be husband, it could be not according to the study, because we have to study and check the Hadith lahad. While we don't do the same thing with Hadith and matamata what are the divisions of the Hadith Allah had again, it is in the book page 164. We started by page 169. And now page 164 in the book, and you have to, to go and read the book.
Okay.
Now again, remember the divisions of the metadata, we said literal mutawatir and we said metadata meaning here also we have divisions of Hadith ahead.
We have three divisions instead of two for the mutawatir. We have three divisions for the thrill ahead. The first one is called mature, mature.
mature in Arabic means famous, well known. That's the mature.
So what's the mature, mature is what's narrated by at least three people in any level.
In any level of this net.
As long as you have three people, let's say from the messenger, sallAllahu wasallam, there were fast people took this heavy from the successors. There were three people. Then from the followers of the successors, there were 100 people. And then a nominee Buhari inherited this hadith with many other scholars. What's
the category for this hadith? Is it motivated?
It's not why
minimum four and we have in one level what?
Three? So if we have three what's what's the name of this hadith? mushroom,
mushroom famous?
famous because you have at least three people that makes it famous but it's not too much famous, that it is automatically accepted like unmotivated, but it is famous.
Do we have an example? Yes, this is the example in Allah Allah Ecuador.
in Salinas, Allah does not take the knowledge away by taking it from the hearts of people.
But Allah takes the knowledge by the death of the scholars, what can you remove the Motorola. So this hadith is mature. These are the lab number of dinars of the Allahumma
in Allah Allah, Allah Allah and zero huntys I'm in Salinas. This is an example for Hadith misure, where we have three narrators in one of the levels, it doesn't have to be in all levels if it's only in one, like you have 100 companion here, this hadith from the messenger Selim, then we have 100 successful, then we have three followers, then we have 100 again, and 100. Again, what's the ruling of this hadith? It cannot be motivated because in one of the levels, there were three people and we said the minimum according to the least opinion for so if you have three then it is much more
dismal.
Now this hadith is it authentic? Or not?
In Allah, Romania and Hassan, is it authentic or not? Is the mature, authentic or weak? That's the very question is the most sure is authentic?
No.
It depends. It could be authentic. And it could be not. It depends. Maybe those three narrators, they are weak.
Maybe they are weak. So it's not authentic.
But it's rarely they said, It's rare to have a mature Hadith while it is weak, at least at least it has to be hassle. Because the ahaadeeth different chains of narrators endorse each other, they strengthen each other. So if you have three different chains, at least it should be weak. It should be hassen. But there is a possibility. So we don't say it's automatically authentic.
Actually, there are Hadith with three different chains, and it's still weak. Because those three people they are all liars.
It could happen.
So
the mature, although it's usually strong, it's mostly authentic. But it depends, we cannot say it's always it could be authentic, and it could be not. If it's always authentic, then it's just like matamata, it's accepted.
The second type, now we said mature, we have three types. The second type is called Aziz.
Aziz. Aziz means dear
or rare,
as is something precious. That's why we say, dear, and also as these means something rare.
Very few like this.
So that's the meaning of Aziz. What's the definition of the Aziz in the Hadith terminology, the Hadith, which was narrated by two narrators in any level,
in any level of this net, if you have two narrators, then it is Aziz.
Again, what if you have 100 companions? Then two successors, then 200 followers of the successors then 200, then 200. What's this hadith? It's still as is because in one of the levels, there were only two people.
What's the example for this?
I mean, I had to come Hakuna have a
Meanwhile, the already one sh mine.
This is an example for the Hadith. Aziz.
So what's the ruling of the Hadith al Aziz? Is it weak or it's authentic? Or what?
What's the ruling?
It depends. Now this particular Hadith, it is authentic.
I chose authentic hadith. But that does not mean every Hadith Aziz is authentic. It could be weak.
It could be fabricated.
So it depends, we don't know. But this particular Hadith, this example it is authentic.
Okay, so that's the difference. In the Mahabharata Hadith, we don't say what's the ruling because it's automatically authentic, it's automatically accepted, because of the conditions while here could be authentic and it could be not.
The third type is called heady theory.
Read means stranger, unknown.
This is the linguistic meaning of the theory
and the terminology of Hadith.
It is defined by
the Hadees that is narrated by one of the narrators in any level,
as long as you have one person in any level of this net, then this hadith is
very.
So again, we have mature, we have Aziz, and we have very, very
what's the ruling of the salary
of 10, authentic, weak.
What?
It depends, again, it could be authentic and it could be not. It depends
Do you have an example for the howdy theory?
Do you have example? I gave? Yes.
The first Hadith in Sahih Bukhari very good.
What's the first Hadees Hadees? Or what?
Have you Samarra de la Han? In Nam? And I'm Albania. Now this hadith is very famous. Everybody knows this hadith. It's narrated in the six books. It's an Bukhari Muslim. It's an all books. Why we say it is very, it's not stranger, it's not very well known Hadith, it should be much shorter. Why do we say it? Sorry? Yes.
The Hadith?
What,
even if you go to China seek
seek knowledge, even if you go to China? Yeah, I think this is this is very,
but actually, it's it's not authentic, that had if I chose only the authentic ahaadeeth
had this very happy summer why we say it's very, while everybody knows this, this hadith.
Because Amara della Han, he's the only one who narrated this.
So, in the level of the companions, there was only one man and actually the level of
in the level of the successors, there was only one man and then it became famous afterwards.
So it is very, there are it could be authentic, and it could be week life. So again, we have had this motivator, which is multiple generated
by
large number of people, so much so that it's impossible, it's inconceivable for them to collaborate in order to perpetuate a lie. That's the motivator. It's two divisions.
literal mutawatir.
To utter lovely, in the words itself. And motivator, man me
with the water in the meeting.
And we have had a fella had
the solitary how this law had is divided to three types, mature, which has at least three in any level of this net.
Disease, which has two narrators in any level of this man and body, which has one narrator at any level of this net.
All these are Hadith they are had
all these studies had, let's say had a summer of the lavon.
If it's authentic, do you accept it or you don't accept it?
Accept it, but it's only one narration.
Do you accept it? What if it was in the Akita issue? Do you accept the
difference of opinions?
What does it say?
Why?
Actually, it's true. Some scholars said even if they hadn't had his authentic, we should stop and check if it's in the RT, that issue. We cannot because it's a data issue. So there has to be at least few people knew it or hear that the prophet SAW Selim was supposed to deliver the message to all mankind not to one person.
So what do you think? What's the correct opinion?
It should be why
as long as long as it is authentic, then it has to be accepted. Right? It has to be accepted. Do you have any evidence?
Do you have any evidence? They may argue, as I said, they tell you that
it cannot be accepted by one man.
The prophet SAW Selim was supposed to deliver the message to all mankind.
Yeah, what about
we're not saying they will deviate. That has nothing to do with this.
We are taking from the whole affair we're taking from the profits are certain but we take only what was multiply generated. Because maybe one man here did and it was only for him.
What do you think? Yes?
What about Mr. Robot?
What about him?
You have that's why once you have an opinion you have to have the evidence.
The correct opinion is that you accept even in Al Qaeda in any issue issue of halal and haram but the question is what's the evidence if you tell someone you have to accept it what's the evidence?
We have the evidence in the sooner the Prophet sallallahu wasallam sent more as to Yemen to do what
what does the job of not
to treat
teach people what
or an antenna
they were Muslims
new Muslims
so they did not know these things right. So he will teach them about al Qaeda.
If you say yes then you cannot say I don't accept the hadith of I had enough data because you sent only one person did not say oh, I will send you to new people. They will learn everything about the religion so I have to send with you 1020 people.
The the prophets are Samson. group with math.
Know, what does that tell you?
The Hadith as long as it's accepted, you take it, V Takeda v Chuck beat any other branch of the religion, you accept the hadith of a hat.
Another evidence.
Another evidence.
Do you know any other evidence,
the hadith of changing the Qibla.
Now changing the Qibla it's a matter of aqidah.
Essentially, it's a matter of fact, when you pray, but when you are commanded to pray this direction, instead of that direction, it became actually the issue
and at the time of the messenger Salaam in Medina, at the beginning, they used to face Jerusalem Betamax until the ayah was sent down for liver jackshaft Rama Tsujihara. So the prophet SAW Selim asked the people to turn their faces towards the message harem. One of the companions, he was praying with him and he left. Other people did not hear that. So they kept praying to wait to knock this he told them by Allah I prayed with the messenger saya Salaam to
the sacred house. So they turned directly. They moved right away to that direction. They did not tell him, we don't have to follow you until we verify it from the messenger size for them. So one nine is enough. As long as it's trustworthy, it is enough.
Be it matters of arcada matters of Sharia. It's the same.
Okay, this is very important.
And with this inshallah, we will conclude our session. Otherwise Sal Allah wa salam ala nabina Muhammad Allah Allah Savage, man