01 The Four Great Imams

Hesham Al-Awadi

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Awakening MEDIA presents the for Grady mams by Dr. He Sham our D.

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Before grey mams Abu hanifa Malik Shafi and Ahmed bin Hanbal, have been traditionally presented as the founders of Islamic jurisprudence or sick. This series seeks to introduce a new dimension to the way their lives are viewed today. By focusing on their characters and their personal interactions with their families, teachers, students and society at large. It aims to re emphasize the strong relevance to a wider Muslim audience who might possess interest beyond the sphere of thick. This series reflects on the various stages of grading memes as teenagers, students, teachers, fathers and active members in their community and as contemporary role models, particularly to the young

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generations of Muslims living in the West, the series also offers a fascinating insight into the golden era of Islamic history was prime attention given to the factors and institutions that lead to the emergence and development of the four gray memes. Dr. Hisham our D was born in Kuwait and educated in the United Kingdom. He completed his bachelor's degree and master's degree Master's in philosophy and PhD in the field of Middle Eastern politics, and history in various British universities including the University of Cambridge. He also has a diploma in Islamic studies from the Institute of Islamic Studies, Cairo

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salatu salam, ala Shafi mousseline while earlier of the year, I'm interviewing the attorney Naomi Deen Allahumma Elena Illa Allah antenna in the cancer alley in Sikkim

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brothers and sister cinema a camera to Lahore, but at

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the beginning, I would like to thank IDR for organizing this course which I hope will be of benefit to all of us inshallah, and let me at the outset, say the aim of this course, as I would like it to be,

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I have listed three points, three aims or three objectives, one is to

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seek to present a human image of the man's human image of the man's

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Muslim image

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and on the widest sense, a human image.

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I'm not going to talk about the fit, achieved achievements, unless talking about the fifth achievement serves the purpose of presenting a human image

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This is number one. So,

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you will get out hopefully, of this course,

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you will not get out of this course as a 40 anyway,

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but at least I hope I can succeed in making you love more the demands or at least introduce you to the finance, there is a very well known saying

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in Arabic Alamin metalman almotriptan

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be a scholar

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or a student or

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another for the,

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for the knowledge and for that and for that scholars, so I hope

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if among you, not any oral ama

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and probably

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you don't think that you will be one in the future in sec or in knowledge of the sciences of Sharia.

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Then at least make sure that you are

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a lover. Now, Abu hanifa Malik have been handbell, a Shafi we are not going to differ on this. You can say I love

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coffee, or soda or coffee or I will have fun Shivani I think he is a cool guy. Mr. mill has been telling me a Mujahid fair enough. But make sure you are a lover. Because when you love these people, you will hate the other

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hate between inverted commas. You will at least not aspire to be like the others and the others again between inverted commas and we are not going to elaborate on the others because you are today

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focusing on the demands.

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The second objective

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is to show diversity

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not just in fact, but in everything else. provided it was within the boundaries of Islam and Sharia diversity in lifestyle.

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diversity in ways of talking, diversity in appearance, diversity in every respect, in the food that they have eaten in the way of talking

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In the smiling in the joking, they were different. I'm not trying to tell you that all of them are the same all of them, all of them are great, yes. But in their different ways. Your task, if you could do this, your mission

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is to see

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which of those four you are closer to.

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And it has nothing to do with gender here.

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You are closer to in the sense of who is close to you in the sense of Yes, when one of them is talkative one of them he smiles a lot one of them he jokes a lot one of them he, when he is very cautious when he spends his money on what does he you see where you fit in that and you can establish some sort of relationship with that particular image.

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So diversity is quite important. Now, diversity was not just between the four emails, but even between the immigrants and their students.

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of no person. For example, one of the students of inner Malik defer to the family, not just in fact, but even in lifestyles.

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abuses. One of the students of Abu hanifa defer to Abu hanifa. He accepted to become a judge while Abu hanifa was tortured because he said no to this post. So the difference,

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let's learn to differ, but not to hate each other.

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Let's learn to tolerate our difference, not just

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not just whether you believe that

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food of the People of the Book is halal or haram or mortgages or interest or things that are taking too much of our time.

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No, but just let us even come against our stereotypes of the scholars and begin to accommodate images that do not fit. Let's begin to tolerate a lifestyle of a scholar who eats meat every day. Who does not wear clothes, unless it's worth more than 500 Durham's I don't know how you

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probably he bought it from next or from this or from that let's tolerate this. Because this can mean zewde

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in a way, can mean modesty in a way modesty does not. So the good thing about these amounts is that they challenge the stereotypes that we have about many things about water, about poverty, about modesty, about intelligence, about seeking knowledge, they challenge that they don't confirm, and I don't like mentioning things that confirm ideas. Once I realize that there is an idea that everyone knows about, I'm not interested in that. I'm interested. And this is my problem as a journalist in sensational strange things. Whenever I see a strange thing I pick it up, which is if a scholar hurt me is a sign of deviance probably. But we are not deviant because we want to serve the purpose of

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the human image of the Imams. And I will tell you stories that probably to some of you are shocking.

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Number three, show the tolerance of the demands as an attitude as a value.

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tolerating each other and tolerating differences. No Imam speaks ill of any other Imam.

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Even if he thinks ill of him, at least he keeps quiet.

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Humble says

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unnecessary I don't feel so Tyler Shafi. People, in fact, are just children when compared to the mannschaft Look who's saying this. Imam Ahmed even handed a sharpie one of these teachers was who was in America. a sharpie, one of his teachers was

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a Bernie student of Abu hanifa. Abu hanifa had a summit meeting with Imam Malik Mr. Malik met him Shafi and taught him and used to fund him.

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movement of ideas and movements of money, a movement of a movement of blessing.

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Under one heading tolerance,

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let's tolerate each other. Because we are not of the greatness of the Imams, we are less less less than that the tasks or the parties on came later on the hands of students that were more enthusiastic to the teachers more than the teachers were enthusiastic for themselves and for their knowledge.

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These are the objectives, I will mention at the end, how we are going to serve this objective and how we are going to divide the lectures serving these three objectives.

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Let me now tell you a story personal story.

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In the past

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when I was young,

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doing my a levels, I read a fascinating book by chef Mohammed's Gotta love brother or sister.

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I was at that age fascinated by him Hamad more than say it I like to style more. I then came to realize that say it or something else that no one could could could and Hamad his brother was emulating him even in the style. But anyway, and I still love Muhammad, probably more than say it probably more, because I have read his books most. I haven't met either anyway.

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Hamad Patil

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wrote many books. And one of the books that have had an influence over me is called Abbas at Minerva Sui glimpses from the Prophet sayings. And what he does in this book, quite a short book, but very influential to me is that he, in each chapter, he talks about a Hadith, he discusses the Hadith. And then he presents a new view of the Hadith. For example, He talks about the importance of sun, the importance that when of doing something properly, when you do something, do it properly, even when you slaughter an animal, do it properly so as not to torture the animal.

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He and another Hadees here, he contemplates on this is where also Excel and says,

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if you had the sheet, and the Day of Judgment came, and the earth is crumbling,

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and your multi armor came, nordonia, not nothing, and you have a seed in your hand

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planted,

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plant the seed,

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don't say it will never grow. Don't say there is no Earth, there is no time, there is no water planted, do your job, and leave it to Allah,

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and other hobbies. And my teenage I was influenced by these hobbies, again, looking for strange ideas. We come across these hobbies many, many times. But hamato represented me with a new idea of looking at the Hadees. And I still just caught this Hadith, that when you have a seed planted, I caught it. When I talk about stress exams.

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They need to be optimistic.

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They need to be loving, they need to be caring. Don't think about the consequences. Yes plan, but make our past our plan the seat and let it grow.

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And the introduction he says this book, aim to make the people love Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu Sallam more?

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Do you mean that we don't love the Prophet? He says

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I think Muslims today they say we love the Prophet.

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But sometimes I tend to think

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that if love was taking literally that is not the case.

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Okay, let me try to explain this. You see, there are two kinds of love. There is veneration respect,

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openness and high

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as high as putting the Quran on the highest shelf in your house. I'm not reading it. I love it. I respect it. I don't read it unless I have ablution.

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But I don't practice it. And I don't read it.

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My wife, I love her very much. I talk to her a lot. I enjoy talking to her.

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I might not respect her, but I love

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this is an example by the way, nothing personal.

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He says we should love Rasulullah sallallahu sallam, not based on the fact that he is a Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam hatami nebby but on the basis that I know exactly who was this person that I say or claim that I love.

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Let me give you a contemporary example. today. You have youngsters, teenagers, Muslims. They love this particular singer. They might not admit it in public, in camps in conferences before the brothers and the sisters but in private and I've seen it he admires he adores this singer. This actor, no movie he would pass or skip if that actor or singer is in that movie or in that concert or etc. This is to me love.

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You emulate him or her and her her style and her dress sense and the way that she talks, what she eats, what she loves, and then our programs at the moment in TV

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Get me out of here I am a celebrity, that aim to normalize the hero, normalize the hero, make the hero, more of a friend to you. You see the hero when he panics when he's thirsty when he needs to sleep when he needs to have a bath when he needs to spit, when he needs to attack when he needs to insult when he's happy when he's angry when he's hungry.

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You love that person, because you know everything about this person. Now, Mohammed sort of says this

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book in to re introduce a Rasulullah Salim to us.

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I closed this book, and I decided I've wasted enough time reading intellectual books. I want to read one single book after reading the Quran. I want to read the Sierra of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu sallam. And I've read three or four books of Sierra and I have been taught that the best way to learn is to teach. So I brought some brothers and said, Look, I want you to organize for me.

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I took a series of talks on the spirit of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu wasallam. And I tell you this, that I benefited more from these Sierra circles

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than most of the people I would not say all of the people, most of the people, I benefited more. Because I've mixed with what I have learned with my jokes and with my contributions and with my personal character. And I have normalized the Sierra, the Sierra, to me is not something distance.

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It's becoming like getting out of here. I'm a celebrity. I know. So far seldom when he laughs when he cries when he battles when he is with his children when he's with his wife, how he communicates with the Sahaba. I even sometimes imagine myself praying in the harem. Next to me is Omar and Abu Bakar. And Ali.

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I say to myself, well, if these people were in any mosque in Birmingham in Manchester, no one would miss the Gemma because at least after seeing a Santa Monica salovaara you will shake hands with great people in the caliber of these companions. How come someone else has been at that time, not go and play with these great companions? I became a lover of these people after the sila, I said there is a fever now in the West about madhhab and FOCA and this and everyone is talking and struggling in the camps halal or haram Mr. Mahajan handle Mr. Libin, Tamia, Imam Al ghazali, Sufi ism, Salafism all these struggles. And I say this when I was young, and being influenced by these trends.

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But I said to myself, okay, let me be Muhammad in the United Kingdom, what should I do, I should exploit the strength exploited between inverted commas I should make use of this fever effect

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to talk about the

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this was the thing I put to catch the fish to bring the people to email and handle Abu hanifa, Malik and Shafi and then I tricked the people. And I say, by the way, this is not a 50 session. This is a session about the demands in the same way that I began my talk to you today. This is not about fifth, this is about the 40 months. And I say to you this

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I say to you this that I hope this project will continue. Not necessarily by me but by anyone else.

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We move from the 14 months, there are five months, six months 1000s of m&ms

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no Josie and nothing other than is Josie jolly, even Tamia don't focus on democracy land, how are you and the Shia and the groups and the trends focus on them as human beings focus on their children focus on their mothers focus on their fathers focus on them

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with one aim with one aim can Holleyman out Lehman had been to London.

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So, by way of talking about the 40 months, what I thought I would do in the remaining lecture is to tell you some things about them before we take them on in one.

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The first thing is to appreciate their time, their context and this is

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again, part of the scheme to make you appreciate the complexities and the intricate and the complex and sophisticated circumstances in which they were brought in and this will aim to serve one of the aims of our courses

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which is tolerance.

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to tolerate. You have to understand the situation

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You have to understand the circumstances.

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You have to

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understand why I was late in coming.

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It wasn't a TV. It wasn't that I overslept.

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My wife was pregnant. I was in hospital. I did. The train was late.

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You have to forgive and tolerate. Don't tell me that Abu hanifa was not a man of Hades

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understand the situation in Iraq. Don't tell me why Mr. Malik didn't travel and he just stayed in Medina understand the situation in Medina and what was going outside? What was going on outside Medina understand all this

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and it will give you a better picture.

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So, two of the Imams witnessed the fall of one dynasty and the rise of the other

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the Amalia dynasty

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and recite dynasty. Who are these two commands in Abu hanifa and Mr. Malik, these are the senior imams chronologically speaking, we begin with Abu hanifa and Imam Malik

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the Abbasid dynasty was witnessed only by the two remaining Imam

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chronologically speaking, Alina Misha Lee, and

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I met even handed no talk to ask about the ammonia period. The normal way it's period was unique and distinctive in what in one thing

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is that it introduced something that was not acceptable to many Muslims. What did it introduce? Well, it introduced hereditary rules.

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Mr. hottub did not introduce heritage we rule the son Abdullah did not become the halifa after his death abubaker the son Abdullah or Abdullah did not become the but why we are the first from the Amalia clan, which is related to our salsa sell them through the senior grandfather abdominus

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clinched into power and did not let it go and maintained it within his clan. Before his death, he brought all the scholars he brought all the people and said, My son will be my successor to the philosopher in the past Mr. cutter used to nominate a worker would nominate, but the Daya would be taken publicly in the mosques.

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And people didn't mind who was nominated. But they made they are because they were persuaded and convinced that X or Y were

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worthy of the post.

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So why am I saying this?

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To tell you or to make you appreciate why there was lots of rebellious movements against the Amalia tilava. What does that mean? It means one thing, instability, what else it means? brutality.

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It means dealing brutally with opposition.

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You Don't tickle the opposition. you wipe it out, you kill them.

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Muslims in Iraq, and I'm sorry to say this, were killed before the Americans were there. They were killed on the hands of Muslims.

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I'm saying this to you for one thing.

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Don't be idealistic. And look at your history in an ideal way that it was pure and I don't want you to be frustrated. Our history was

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was magnificent. Provided your you read the right sources, but what I'm saying is that this was a human movement. This was a human history. people killed each other.

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People crucified each other.

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And dynasty came on the top of another dynasty, out of hatred and revenge.

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Do you want me to shock you with my strange stories? Abdullah does suffer.

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suffer, you know what to suffer and it could mean

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this thirsty for blood. He was called a Suffolk because of the amount of people that he killed. When he assumed power. He went to the grave

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of one of the Umoja calibers and took out the body

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and mutilated

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because that halifa oppressed the herbicides during their secret movements to control

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wasn't enough that he was dead No, I will bring him out of the grave mutilated and put it inside again

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I will have to suffer Abuja for a month. So, these are the kinds of people that dealt with the finance

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and we will

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talk about that what are these rebellious movements? One movement was dialogue that otherwise were not against hereditary rule.

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They just argued that the rules should be maintained and preserved within the lineage of Rasulullah sallallahu wasallam through the sons of Fatima in Delhi.

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So, you have a lead Navy pilot and that's why you have 12th the 12th Imam.

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Okay, let's let's go back.

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dollar whites are those who as I mentioned, maintained that heritage tree roots should be maintained within

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the clan, or the descendants of Prophet Muhammad SAW salams

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sons of Fatima and

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namely, passion for seeing alleys in Aberdeen, I'll mention the names in a while because they are relevant to the lives of the amounts. We say that they were allied.

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They began as a some sort of a political movement at the beginning they were called the allies. The ILO is not the Shia.

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They became famously known as the Shia after the movement was crystallized and institutionalized. When When did this happen? It happened after the death and the martyrdom of an Imam is foreseen in Karbala. Now you're talking about a Shia movement,

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more structured, more organized.

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Lucia began to promote an alternative power structure based on the descendants of Prophet Muhammad wa sallam grandsons from Fatima and Ali.

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For obvious reasons, of course, because Prophet Muhammad wa sallam had no sons. So they said, okay, the closest males from the female daughter,

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Fatima, and Ali, and because Ali's uncle, a cousin of Prophet Mohammed sauce, and so you end up with 12 months. Number 12. They claim he is still alive. He is the mid

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we are waiting for him. He is somewhere

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hidden. They didn't even Who are those 12 mm, I was just mentioned a few

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who are most relevant to the lives of the 14 months. Harley Davidson is the first email first halifa

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then hasn't been early. He is the first son of Harley, he should assume power after leaving avatar.

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After Hassan it's foreseen in early

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the second son of Ali died killed rather by the Amalekites, then the son of for saying if an alley is called Ali Xin and Aberdeen, then the brother of Ali zanla Aberdeen, his name is Mohammed Al Barker, then the son of Al Barker. Jaffer saw these, and the list goes on until the 12th email.

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Two of these were contemporaries of Abu hanifa Imam Malik, Muhammad Barker. And Jaffa saw the

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great scholars

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that were not involved in any of these rebellious movements. We're just leaving themselves out of politics and focusing on aim and on a bad

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and that's why they were not killed or they did not lead rebellious movements against anyone.

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They died of a natural death doula rebellious movements against them all yet khilafah lit by the coverage. The coverage are simply those who were otherwise at the beginning. But when I leave Navy pilot following the Battle of subscene against Mahalia have been Abby sofian.

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In dispute of how best to deal with the killers of us, man, the third guy that halifa after Ali had decided to or agree to arbitration with Maria.

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They revolted against Ali Marisol and said, How do you agree to arbitrary with those people, and they became the orange, those who went out from the support of the allies and began began to formulate an institutionalized their own way of thinking. Bear in mind that a lot of these movements began as political movements, but later crystallized themselves, institutionalized themselves, structured themselves

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Within a search within a particular structure that gives them religious legitimacy, especially that some of their leaders were already allameh, or scholars, and they began to

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engage in matters of art, and in matters of faith. And in matters of this. It's unfortunate, of course, that students of today, Muslims of today in the West, focus on the martyrs ILA, and on the Hawaii bridge, and in these branches and tentacles of disagreements, missing the point that this was not the real issue, why these groups and movements have emerged.

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And this is why I say to you, your homework is two things. After the 40 months, study Sierra very well as study Islamic history very well, up until the Ottoman Empire

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do this. And there are books, Western books, written by Western people, written by non Muslims and written by Western Muslim his stories are written by non Western Muslim historians.

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But just read deep.

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And there are sites on the internet if you don't have time to read, but just be careful with your eyes. There are sites on the internet on history of Islam. I say be careful with your eyes because there are books on history downloaded on the internet, as well as here and even Cassius, all in the internet. But to me, I am an old fashioned person, I would go to the library, borrow a book and just read it rather than the internet.

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My younger brother, he enjoys the internet and sits for days. But to me,

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I like to be like those demands have this yellow pages book, do this and do that handle I'm not wearing glasses yet. So I can manage reading these yellow pages books.

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Plus, I have my pencil I can fit my book right on the margin, some notes, crazy notes.

00:31:49--> 00:32:33

apart, or in addition to the bridge, and in addition to the allies, there were Sahaba and group of stabbing that were not allies. Neither were they solaredge. These were based in Medina. Incidentally, the Allies were based in Kufa. Well hanifa grew up. So when you hear Abu hanifa, engaging with the Shia or otherwise, understand this, because of that, when you hear that Abu hanifa was engaged with the house in Basra because how ours were centralized in El Paso, together with the modular that I we don't have time to talk talk about We are not here in to talk about religious groups and their attributes and beliefs etc. This can be found elsewhere. We will discuss them when

00:32:33--> 00:32:50

we talk about later. But these are the main rebellious movements. So there was a rebellious movement in Medina in the Arabian Peninsula by those who did not choose to be either allies, or how large and these were led by Abdullah bin bass.

00:32:51--> 00:32:56

And he was killed by the anointed. Kelly says as well.

00:32:57--> 00:33:18

What was the result of all this? One is that there was turmoil. There was instability. There was brutality. And there were true governors in the places or in the centers of opposition. What were the major centers of opposition to Iraq and Iran?

00:33:19--> 00:33:23

Iraq. We're in Iraq kusa

00:33:24--> 00:33:24

and bustle.

00:33:26--> 00:33:28

Were in Iran. hora Shan

00:33:30--> 00:33:40

what is the story of Hassan? Well, the story of for Assad is the story of the emergence of the upper side period, a secret movement that began in opposition

00:33:41--> 00:33:54

to the Umayyad Caliphate, and unlike the allies, and unlike the hardage, it was successful and established a dynasty that lived for or survived for over 500 years.

00:33:55--> 00:34:06

Okay, you might be a little bit confused, because we mentioned come away at a site. Otherwise, can you simplify it a little bit more? Okay, let me do it in a drawing form.

00:34:07--> 00:34:14

And you might do this if you have paper, right Abdulmutallab at the top.

00:34:15--> 00:34:20

I've done my palate is the grandfather of Rasul sallallahu alayhi wa sallam

00:34:22--> 00:34:27

and do three arrows emerging from Abdulmutallab. These are the sons of Abdullah.

00:34:28--> 00:34:31

They are see Abu Talib

00:34:32--> 00:34:39

Abdullah and an Ibis. These are the three brothers, the sons of Abdulmutallab

00:34:40--> 00:34:47

chicken arrow down from Abu Talib, and right at the bottom of the arrow, I leave the area

00:34:50--> 00:34:51

take an arrow

00:34:53--> 00:34:53

from

00:34:54--> 00:34:59

below Abdullah and right at the bottom of it. Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam

00:35:01--> 00:35:03

With regards to the third and above

00:35:04--> 00:35:15

so we have an Ibis of de la butanna. With regards to an Ibis below Allah bass, take an arrow, and right below the arrow. Abdullah even had this

00:35:17--> 00:35:20

you know who is Abdullah nobis a great companion. Okay.

00:35:22--> 00:35:28

Take an arrow from Mohammed Salim below his name. And right below that arrow, Fatima.

00:35:30--> 00:35:59

no link between Ali and Fatima with one arrow and from the middle of that arrow, take another arrow. And you can put the names of the 12th Imam that I have just mentioned, Hassan, the same alleys in in Aberdeen, Mohammed Al Barker, and Jaffa sada. This is what we can call the ally, the mermaids, the Shia clan, the Shia trend.

00:36:01--> 00:36:02

And

00:36:03--> 00:36:08

from Alibaba site, these are the other sites. Do you understand? No, they

00:36:10--> 00:36:22

are not in this circle. They are from another branch from abdominus, which is related to Apple Panda, but just above the tree, a family tree, but these are the herbicides and these are the highlights.

00:36:24--> 00:36:29

Okay, what is the consequences of this? Well, that means that the otherwise

00:36:30--> 00:36:44

at the beginning of the apartheid movement when it was in the secretive phase, they were supporters of the apartheid. Why because they are related. They are uncles, they are cousins.

00:36:45--> 00:37:11

Now besides went to the other whites and said, Look, you help us out when we assume government. We will give you the power again, through the lineage of Allison, Allison, Allison and I have been they supported them. A secret movement emerged from corizon on the hands of someone called Muslim O'Hara. Sonny who was later killed by the Abbasid Caliphate, because they feared he became very popular.

00:37:12--> 00:37:14

I'm telling you, it's a brutal dynasty sometimes.

00:37:15--> 00:37:26

And it's spread and spread and spread. Where is the Amalia dynasty it's based in Damascus. That's why the resistance. That's why the opposition movement was successful because it was for the East in Iran.

00:37:28--> 00:37:49

No powerful centralized government is just in Damascus. So it's spread and spread and spread, controlled Iraq and then led to the downfall of the Soviet dynasty and the rise of the upper side dynasty, who is witnessing all this? Me and you know, Mr. Abu hanifa, an Imam Malik,

00:37:50--> 00:37:55

I want to teach you tolerance, tolerating groups because these groups were there

00:37:56--> 00:38:16

in America would go to the mosque and see an ally and see 100 coverage and she an aside and sit and talk to them and chat to them and this is like two brothers one is a selfie and the other they are living in the same household or in Palestine, there is people from set and there are people from from us living in the same household.

00:38:17--> 00:38:20

So we are talking about blood, family.

00:38:22--> 00:38:42

This is why they were tolerant. Now, you know these groups through pamphlets and leaflets, you are called Mohammed who is from Kuwait, or from Yemen, or from Bangladesh or from Pakistan. But these were adults from the Arabian Peninsula, and they knew each other's fathers and mothers and uncles and daughters and grandfathers.

00:38:44--> 00:38:47

Yes, they killed each other at the end of the day, but they were related.

00:38:48--> 00:38:51

Now all this is history. Okay, to me to me.

00:38:52--> 00:39:01

It's not interesting to watch. It might be interesting to you because some of you have heard it for the first time I'm not sure if I succeeded in making you at least understand it.

00:39:02--> 00:39:19

But to me what is fascinating you know what is to zoom the camera from what's happening at that top you know, dynasties falling This is political history, dynasties falling honey first killing this but to zoom inside the cities and see what's going on.

00:39:21--> 00:39:35

We are in bed back now there is a lecture now, but we are on the bottom floor. If you tell someone from outside there is a lecture he will not be able to visualize it unless there is a camera that can zoom and oh, this is Mr. Mobile honey. Oh, this is the man Mashallah.

00:39:37--> 00:39:59

So we want to zoom zoom into what zoom into the main cities that those scholars have lived because this is the human dimension. You didn't tell us any human dementia. Bobby's you told us about someone mutilating the. This is human dimension, but only when he's dead. I want to zoom the camera into two main cities. Kufa and Baghdad why Baghdad because it's the center

00:40:00--> 00:40:15

Part of the Alpha Phi Alpha, which was relevant to people like in Ahmedabad handle and a Shafi O scholars traveled to Baghdad, Abu hanifa was born in Kufa and he died in Baghdad. Imam Malik never traveled outside Medina. That's why Medina will be the third city, which we want to talk about.

00:40:17--> 00:40:25

There are two kinds of Islamic cities during the toilet and beside Pier, there is an Islamic city where the Muslims conquered.

00:40:27--> 00:40:50

And they did not change a lot in its structure because it was well built. This is the same this happened, for example, in Damascus. They didn't change a lot in the architecture, they change probably later. But at the beginning, they went conquered to the churches. So the mosque was more or less like a church. It's like mosques here in Manchester and Bradford from the outside. It's a church from outside the amount of saying hello.

00:40:52--> 00:40:57

But there are other cities, which Muslims build from scratch.

00:40:58--> 00:41:03

And these began as garrison towns with the military people lived in

00:41:04--> 00:41:33

what was an example of a garrison town, ie a town that was built from scratch? To examples Kufa and elbasan. Okay, why is it significant to tell us about Muslim city from scratch, etc. Because if you want to know Islamic values, in many things, social structure, architecture, economics, politics, sociology, go and study an Islamic city emerging from the ground.

00:41:34--> 00:41:47

And when you do that, you will discover two things. Or you might discover 50 things but two things as I as far as I'm concerned. One is that the city is usually circular, which to me

00:41:48--> 00:41:51

is a sign of absence of

00:41:54--> 00:42:01

power struggle or power structure or hierarchies. So we sit in a circle, okay, there is no hierarchy.

00:42:02--> 00:42:12

Now, the circle is like this, if you want to draw it, you can draw it to newpapers. A circle, large circle in the middle, two massive buildings.

00:42:13--> 00:42:15

One was the building of the palace.

00:42:16--> 00:42:25

palace if we are talking about a city state capitol, so if it's in Baghdad, it's the Palace of the halifa. But

00:42:26--> 00:42:35

if it's in Kufa, or imbecile, it's the Palace of the governor, the wily, okay, these terms are important to differentiate between the Felisa and early

00:42:37--> 00:42:45

so, we have one building, which is called the palace. And next to it adjacent to it is another building, guess what the most.

00:42:47--> 00:43:23

And to me, this was the Islamic City Center. Today in the West, the Islamic city center is where you go and see Marks and Spencers that enhance consumerism. But the Islamic city while you are Yes, it's the palace, its power. its sheer, its threat, its terror. But if you want to run away, go to the mosque, it's next to it. But the mosque was in the city center. So when you go Saturday night, to the city center, no one will think that of you, because you are going to make the head in the mosque, if you are living in Kufa, not in not somewhere else.

00:43:24--> 00:43:27

If you have the circle, you have two massive buildings,

00:43:28--> 00:43:33

the palace and the mosque. So what is round? What goes round these two circles, space?

00:43:35--> 00:43:43

Nothing but space. So you will have to walk. If you go to the palace, there is big massive space. What is the function of the space?

00:43:45--> 00:43:45

protection?

00:43:46--> 00:44:06

protection. You can't go simply to the palace invaded and vomit and do terrorist acts in the palace. It's well distanced from what from everything from the marketplace, from residential areas from everything and what occupies the space guards,

00:44:07--> 00:44:25

guards. So, the moment you decide to go to the palace to meet the halifa you have to go through many checkpoints. Why am I saying this? Why am I describing this? To tell you one thing? How fearful it was to meet the Silesia?

00:44:26--> 00:44:31

Can you appreciate that? Can you appreciate Gods with machine guns?

00:44:33--> 00:44:43

Looking for any kind of rebellious movement? It was 11th of September during the Umoja period and everyone was looking for rebellious movements to crush and to kill.

00:44:44--> 00:44:50

Why do I want to create a fearful condition or situation to make you appreciate

00:44:51--> 00:44:59

the missions that the scholars like Imam Abu hanifa used to do and make when he meets the Holika no fear except this

00:45:00--> 00:45:00

Hello.

00:45:03--> 00:45:21

We are talking about 1000 qualified. We're not talking about qualified sitting in the mosque, you and him, you only can go and slap No, these were well protected people and meeting them was by appointment and by Royal procedures and protocols. Yet a lot of the Imams refused to meet them

00:45:23--> 00:45:34

as Tony Blair or queen or if john X or Y president said, come to a dinner reception, you would come, oh, I'm going to you or me or anyone else.

00:45:35--> 00:45:47

Reception No, those who are invited personally in Abu hanifa to give him the post of a chancellor and honorable hanifa said sorry. Whoever wants me he comes to my little house.

00:45:49--> 00:46:23

Medina was the center of knowledge. This is the third. We spoke about Kufa, we spoke about Baghdad, Baghdad was built by Abuja for a monsoon, who shifted the Abbasid dynasty from El Kufa to Baghdad. In 768. He built that it took him six to eight years to build it was 1.7 miles in diameter. It had four gates, one gate leading to Basra to crush any rebellious movements, one leading to Kufa a troubled area full of Shias, Damascus,

00:46:24--> 00:46:45

a former privately and Cora son, the mother of the secret movement of the Abbasid period in case there were any opposition. Now, in your circle, you'll have big space, what goes at the diameter of the circle, residential areas, and marketplaces.

00:46:46--> 00:46:57

So when Abu hanifa goes to the market, this is the route he takes, he gets out from his house from his residential area, which was at the the edge of the circle

00:46:59--> 00:47:15

to the market, the market was far away at the back so that no noise. butchers smell odor symmetries as well were based at the end far end, there are pictures and photos of Islamic cities, not photos, but architectural drawings for people who are interested.

00:47:16--> 00:47:20

We conclude by saying how we are going to serve our objectives.

00:47:21--> 00:47:39

Just to reiterate them again. To repeat them again, it's to present a human image. It's to show diversity, it's to show the tolerance of the man, how we are going to do that one, we are going to have three parts for each

00:47:41--> 00:47:54

one part will deal with the Imam, the person, the human being, age, physical appearance, the household, the Mother, the Father, the nearby surrounding.

00:47:56--> 00:48:08

In part two, for each Imam, we are going to talk about his teachers. And he's students. And I'm dealing with this not from the point of view, but in so far as teachers and his end students

00:48:09--> 00:48:41

comprised institutions, for Serbia for manners for proper upbringing. So I'm not going to mention anything about what Abu hanifa learned from Hamad, from the physics point of view, but what matters, what are the what are, what attitudes did you learn from him? And how did he pass what he learned from his teachers, to his students and took a look a little bit about some of the students have each email. The third and final part of each Imam is

00:48:42--> 00:48:55

in his society, talk about the society, we get out from the most we get out from the household and begin to talk about society at large the marketplace, that is essential areas and that is still a human being

00:49:13--> 00:49:15

political movements

00:49:16--> 00:49:17

of government.

00:49:20--> 00:49:22

I can give you one minute

00:49:26--> 00:49:27

movement, the sense of

00:49:28--> 00:49:33

first it was the first political capital under

00:49:40--> 00:49:40

support.

00:49:44--> 00:49:46

Then brief,

00:49:47--> 00:49:49

then there are two

00:49:52--> 00:49:52

hire you

00:49:54--> 00:49:55

has

00:49:59--> 00:49:59

to

00:50:02--> 00:50:09

We're not talking just about geography, we're not talking about capital, we are talking about cultural movements, social movements, religious movements.

00:50:10--> 00:50:11

And employment

00:50:12--> 00:50:16

is based on the movement of centers and cities,

00:50:17--> 00:50:18

then from

00:50:19--> 00:50:21

the Mauryan dynasty

00:50:25--> 00:50:28

and a movement from toofer, to the most

00:50:30--> 00:50:41

crucial cultural, religious institution, then the rise of the apartheid dynasty, she used to go to Iraq,

00:50:45--> 00:50:46

in Baghdad

00:50:47--> 00:50:49

by Abuja for

00:50:51--> 00:50:52

a second

00:50:56--> 00:50:56

then

00:50:58--> 00:50:59

come and destroy

00:51:00--> 00:51:03

the fall of the apartheid dynasty.

00:51:05--> 00:51:07

dynasty and the rise

00:51:08--> 00:51:18

of what is known as the lead or destruction of the fight dying dynasty, which is now based in Egypt, in Cairo.

00:51:20--> 00:51:21

why we call it

00:51:22--> 00:51:31

second dynasty because the powers are precise, but the holders of power, we're gonna move on,

00:51:32--> 00:51:33

then, we will

00:51:35--> 00:51:42

have the upper side dynasty, the rise of the Ottoman Empire, a shift to

00:51:43--> 00:51:44

insert

00:51:45--> 00:51:46

and then hip.

00:51:48--> 00:51:50

And what we are doing now,

00:51:51--> 00:51:53

anyway is to

00:51:54--> 00:52:07

Medina, therefore, was the first political capital. Let's talk about Medina in a nutshell. What concerns me of Medina are two things. Now, when I spoke about

00:52:08--> 00:52:11

the garrison towns, the circular city

00:52:12--> 00:52:14

and their house of the house

00:52:16--> 00:52:18

architectural model come from

00:52:19--> 00:52:20

Medina

00:52:21--> 00:52:32

Where was the house of Prophet Muhammad? Next to the most, what was the most in the center of Medina. So, the Islamic city from an architectural point of view,

00:52:34--> 00:52:36

from the political structure and the religious

00:52:40--> 00:52:40

model

00:52:44--> 00:52:46

in terms of the distribution of

00:52:48--> 00:52:53

movements of ideas, movements of spontaneous Well, this is important

00:52:55--> 00:52:58

to realize the sources of knowledge, remember,

00:53:00--> 00:53:07

at the time of Omar Omar have more support than any movement of companions outside Medina.

00:53:09--> 00:53:19

Because he said, I need you, I need you to be with me. I might have not witnessed an incident during the time of Prophet Muhammad, you will tell me I need you.

00:53:22--> 00:53:25

According to the APA, according to the according to the

00:53:30--> 00:53:31

companion,

00:53:35--> 00:53:35

companion,

00:53:39--> 00:53:48

newly entering Muslims in the conquered land. So he thinks, for example, after the last episode,

00:53:50--> 00:53:57

because Cooper was conquered and opened during the time of Omar when he opens the entire era

00:53:58--> 00:54:03

and that is why the law is so influential in the Hanafi

00:54:05--> 00:54:07

because he was based in Kufa

00:54:08--> 00:54:12

who is also influential in the Hanafi madhhab.

00:54:13--> 00:54:20

You get why, because he was based in now when he

00:54:23--> 00:54:30

came to power functions, and permitted the companions to move to wherever they wanted to move.

00:54:31--> 00:54:33

The Companions move,

00:54:35--> 00:54:57

looking for food, looking for opportunities, looking for keys, looking for trades, looking to move from Medina that's what's kept becoming crowded, like people moving from London becoming friendships. They live in Rome, converging famous people who live at the outskirts of Medina. If they want to enjoy the river during the summer, they will go and live in

00:55:00--> 00:55:00

London

00:55:01--> 00:55:06

particular companion decided to live in LA because he has got lots of followers lots

00:55:07--> 00:55:10

of articles that he wants to promote.

00:55:11--> 00:55:11

However,

00:55:15--> 00:55:16

when

00:55:18--> 00:55:31

assassinated and when the Amalia close to power and lots of instability, lots of tribulation, lots of brutality, the companions decided to come back to me

00:55:32--> 00:55:33

because it was

00:55:35--> 00:55:36

close to the huddle,

00:55:37--> 00:55:38

close to

00:55:40--> 00:55:43

the situation continued like this, until all my

00:55:50--> 00:55:51

guidance

00:55:52--> 00:56:12

came to power. He advocated that containers go again outside Medina, to help in the process of documenting the hugging and teaching the newly entering people into the club. So the companions got outside again, from Medina, but some of them remain in Medina

00:56:13--> 00:56:20

were the major people that remained in Medina, scholarly people that they didn't

00:56:22--> 00:56:22

even know

00:56:23--> 00:56:25

these are very influential. And that is why

00:56:27--> 00:56:30

in the same way that was influential in the hunter

00:56:33--> 00:56:36

is influential in that Maliki.

00:56:37--> 00:56:38

Who went

00:56:40--> 00:56:41

to law

00:56:43--> 00:56:45

he was of

00:56:47--> 00:56:49

a tremendous influence in the shop

00:56:51--> 00:56:53

is based on that constitution.

00:56:55--> 00:56:56

Why? Because I

00:56:57--> 00:56:58

settled for a while.

00:57:07--> 00:57:12

has succeeded Allahu Allah festa Pharaoh, in other words, a former Russian