Beginning Classical Arabic Lesson 38
Date:
Channel: Tom Facchine
Series: Tom Facchine - Beginning Classical Arabic
File Size: 44.50MB
Related
- Tom Facchine – Allah LOVES When You Do This – Do It Often
- Tim Humble – Buloogh al-Maram – The Book of Zakah, Lesson 05 – Hadeeth 484 (c)
- Nouman Ali Khan – Surah Yusuf #70 – V105-107 – Anatomy of Corrupted Faith
- Karim Abuzaid – Symptoms of Jinn possession & Magic II
- Bilal Ismail – Yassarnal Quran – Part 1 – Lesson 20
- Riad Ouarzazi – Stories of the Prophets #25 Lessons from the story of Yusuf 8
- Tom Facchine – Riyadh al-Saliheen and Women’s Q&A #01
AI Generated Summary ©
The speakers discuss the use of pronouns in Arabic, with the difference between the two types of pronouns and the importance of breaking words up into new forms. They also touch on the use of "yeah le" and "bring," and the use of "na" and "bring." The speakers emphasize the importance of practice in the language and mention a new proposition called "ma" and a warahmatull hadn't been addressed. The use of "ma" and "bring" in Arabic is discussed, along with the use of "na" and "bring."AI Generated Transcript ©
Western American Rahim Al hamdu Lillahi Rabbil Alameen wa salatu salam ala shuffle MBA almost read a V now for Latina Muhammad Ali he sort of Salah asked her to sleep Allahumma Lim that'd be me and pharaoh now and fatten Alina and until now was even an element. Yeah but Alameen Salam aleikum wa rahmatullah. He would occur to everybody. Welcome. Saturday morning vegan in classical Arabic and we have a new lesson and a new idea.
We are getting into pronouns.
What is a pronoun? A pronoun is simply a word that takes the place of a noun. Whether that noun is a proper noun, like Mohammed, or Maccha, or whether that noun is a common noun.
Al Kitab
al Wellard.
Why don't we use pronouns and language we use pronouns in language to not sound redundant.
Because redundancy is inefficient.
So instead of saying, if you're telling a story, or your next six sentences are going to be about your book,
it would be burdensome, to have to keep saying
this book and the book and the book and the book, every single sentence, you're saying the book, people would stare at you, they would think that you were strange.
They would think that this is strange, and it wouldn't sound eloquent. Why? Because it's not efficient. It's insulting to the intelligence, you already know what the other person was talking about. In English, we would start to use the word it as a pronoun to refer back to that noun that we had an inch initially introduced. The same with a person, if we're telling many things about Mohammed, Messiah, and Mohammed, this, Mohammed that and then Mohammed went to the store, and then Mohammed came back, and then Mohammed, he took a bath and then Mohamed, he went to bed, right, this is extremely inefficient, it's somewhat insulting to the intelligence of the listener. And so after
we've introduced the subject, we can simply say he, then he did this, then he did that, then he did this.
So that's the idea of pronouns. The idea of pronouns is that they take the place of a noun
to increase efficiency,
eliminate redundancy, and basically just sound better. Pronouns are one of the few places in the English language where we have case endings or we have we demonstrate case Old English, even Middle English demonstrated grammatical case just like Arabic does. Right, you guys, maybe you're familiar with some of the, even in the archaic translations of the Koran, Thou who barest you know, thou doth this and this, all these are all case conjugations. They're either verb conjugations, or they're grammatical cases that we simply don't demonstrate anymore. However, the relic or the the artifact in the English language that's left over that shows how we used to do this all the time, isn't
pronouns. If we look at pronouns, we have different forms.
Depending on whether were, the pronoun is in the nominative case, or if it's in the accusative case, or it's in the genitive case, the same exact sort of grammatical cases we have in Arabic. So we have subject pronouns, certain pronouns that we use, if the person or thing we're talking about is the, the move to the right, the subject of the sentence, he goes to the store, he is a nice boy, she is a good person, they, you, you all, I, and we are all how we use subject pronouns in English.
But all those pronouns change, if
what we're talking about now becomes the object of a verb.
We don't say I gave it to heat,
or I wrote he a letter. That would be incorrect. Because in English, we differentiate between case in pronouns, I wrote him a letter, he is the object of the verb. This is the accusative case corresponds with monsoon in Arabic usually hasn't. That's how
I gave it to her. I saw
Let them
tell us,
and so on and so forth. And finally, we have possessive pronouns. Recall that possession ownership is part of the genitive case, which corresponds to men's rule in Arabic, right? The genitive case, in all languages talks about relationships between two nouns, whether that relationship is a relationship of place, or of time, or of possession.
So if we're talking about a book that belongs to somebody, we don't say he book, or him book, we have to say, his book,
The pronouns have changed yet again, to demonstrate to us that they are in the genitive case that they're talking about possession,
her story there, car, your house, my brother, our vacation,
all of these sorts of things. So we have a really, really nice, analogous situation between Arabic and English here. So it's going to correspond pretty similarly, with one little wrinkle that actually makes Arabic pronouns easier, okay? Where in Arabic, we have the same three categories. We have subject pronouns, we have object pronouns, and we have possessive pronouns.
Okay?
The actual forms of the word
are only distinct or only fall into two categories. There's one form of pronouns for subjects. And there's a second form of pronouns that's used for both object pronouns, and possessive pronouns.
If you're looking for a quick example, we'll get into all of this in a second. If I say
for example, no, I said.
I said I saw.
sparing you the verb I saw his pen.
Column who
write who here is the possessive pronoun, his pen?
And if I want to say I did something to him, we always use Dada, which is to hit or strike. Baba who? Him, right, so in this case, this means his
and the WHO down here means him.
Okay? Because Arabic assumes that you're smarter than English does. Arabic assumes that you're able to differentiate based off of the context, the difference between his and him that one of them is a possessive pronoun, and one of them is an object pronoun. So the forms are the same.
Even if the meanings are different, here, this means possession. Here, this means the object of the verb. But we will get into that in a second, but just be aware, so that it's easier in English, we have three forms. Those three forms of pronouns correspond neatly with every different meaning. In Arabic, we only have two forms, one form for subject pronouns, and one form for both object and possessive pronouns.
So what are they? Let's take a look.
Number, number in Arabic,
is more complicated than English. And it's a pretty unique feature of the Arabic language, that there is not just a singular, or a plural, but there is a dual number. Yes, there is a form that indicates a pair of something to have something, we're not going to worry about that for a long time. So just ignore it, because it will be taught within this book as its own separate sort of lesson. So you don't even need to pay any attention to this column.
Focusing on the other two columns, we see we have a chart here, singular and plural.
These are all of our subject pronouns in Arabic, we've been learning most of them
previously, to be able to say, he did this or he is this, she, they, we and so on and so forth.
We have for the third person singular. Hua
Cole, hola Allahu Ahad say He is Allah, the unique
Hua means he
here
hear means her are assuming means she subject pronouns, she is this she went to the store, et cetera, et cetera. Is there such a thing as it in Arabic?
No, there is no such thing as it's in Arabic because all nouns are gendered in Arabic. So it removes the need to have a gender neutral or a an or a pronoun for an inanimate object. All we use is Hua, or here depending on the gender of the noun,
for the second person who we're talking to, you masculine is an TA.
And TA.
You feminine. Notice the pink color is and tea
and tea.
And finally, the first person singular, Anna,
this leaf is silent the second one, and
the peak of arrogance was around.
What is he saying sort of nosy is a bada and Arambol como Allah, I am your, your Lord and your Sustainer most high.
So those are the subjects pronouns, the singular ones who are here, enter Auntie Anna, moving over to the plural.
third person plural is home.
Home is used for both a group of men and a group of mixed gender.
Right.
So it is the more important one to learn at this point. Don't worry if you don't want to, or find it overwhelming to get the exclusively feminine ones. So we have hon.
Here, it means specifically a group of females they all females. And this is a typical feature of language. It's not something chauvinistic about the Arabic language, Romance languages are the same in Spanish, Italian, Romanian, French,
where there is a masculine form
that is used for a group of people that are either all male or a mix of male and female, and then a separate form for
a group that is only female. Same thing in the second person, we have n Tom
for you all speaking to a group and, and tonna.
speaking to a group of only females
and finally we have national
which is for any group of which you belong. Now.
So these are all of our subject pronouns, who are here Anta auntie, Anna, Han, Han, Anton, Anton, national Matthew.
So any of the sentences that we have been working on you can use these in place of other nouns.
Right if we said before, l Bay to kavir can be your own right simple motor. However we can now say hola Kabir
who can be either he is big or great sports poor, it is big or great.
Here cabbie Ratan.
Anta mage Tahi doing, you are a hard worker,
Anti Mage Tehila tune you feminine are a hard worker,
and so on and so forth. That's the point of subject pronouns that you can substitute them in the move to that for any other now, all you have to do is keep track of the number and the gender.
Coming to the final form,
the form in Arabic for the object and possessive pronouns. Again, we're not going to pay any attention to the duel
We have for third person singular who
so that both means his and him remember our example before you say key tab whoo hoo
his book
or
barraba who
he hit him
and that applies to every other
object pronoun.
It's supposed to be a lot. It's kind of turned out a little sloppy.
The feminine version is high
either as old Zilla algos ILS
Zoll is an earthquake or a shaking Zella ha It's shaking talking about the earth belongs to the earth. The earth is feminine in Arabic so literally her shaking
looking for an example from the Koran for who we have
sort of a Method Man are gonna iron who
Malou
are Makassar Mal is money Malou his money
and so on and so forth. Second person ca for masculine and key for feminine
Rob Boca
sub b b Hamdi Rob B ca
your Sustainer
right and what is it sort of NASA
sent me behind the ROB Baker was still fear who okay that 211
was said be be handy Rob beaker he's talking to the Prophet sallahu wa salam your lord
from Vika was still fear who and ask His forgiveness.
And key is for feminine, your
feminine are speaking to a female the thing that is being possessed is not what has to be female. It's the one that we're speaking to.
Like in Surah to that yet when the angels reply to
the wife of Ibrahim Ali he said
follow Cavalli ki Paula Rob buki right Rob boo ki
Allah is not is not feminine.
He's not feminine or masculine he has no gender.
What we're talking here to Abraham's wife buki.
First person,
we find we have two forms really one principal form and one sort of phonetic thing going on. The principal form is Yeah, any of the objects that you've learned you want to make it mine
Albay to be at my house. Call me my pen.
Anything else that we had? Matched GD, my MSG
that'd be my door holder for tea, my room. So what's the deal with the noon this is only for words that end in
a long vowel.
Right, so if we have a word that ends with a year for example,
we can't add another year on top of it. We have to break it up and we break it up with a new
moving over to the plural we have home.
It's just like the subject pronoun with the exception that notice that it's connected. So if we have home by itself, then it is a subject pronoun meaning they if we have it connected to a word
The key taboo home tacked onto the end there it is a possessive pronoun.
Same thing applies this is for a mixed gender group or a group of males or as Han
is for a group that has only female
we have come up vocal as a common expression in the Koran
and what Boko Allah your answers to the people, I am your plural saying your Lord.
And if it were exclusively a group of females, it would be Kunta.
And then finally, we have na, na is used for we for us use me for us and for our, our house, be to na
he hit us Bhavana.
How can you tell between the two because bait is a noun and lava is a verb. So you that's exactly why Arabic assumes that you're intelligent enough to realize that, okay, if this net comes after a verb, then it's the object. And if this na comes after a noun, then it's possessive.
Any questions on the forms before we get into the actual lesson? Any questions on what you've seen so far?
The first person, knee.
Can you please elaborate that? Yes, this is a phonetic.
Device. Right? So all it does is break up. Let's think.
Let's think of a word
where it wouldn't make sense.
For example, if we have, I can think of examples easier with verbs and for some reason nouns aren't coming to me. But
the verb Wha
Okay. What call means to protect this is actually the root of Taqwa.
Okay.
Wow. Off. Yeah.
Or well, cough le.
If I want to say a law protected me.
I can't say what ba ye.
Right? We'll have to say,
what for me?
Because the alif is a vowel sound, right?
And the Yeah, that's part that actually means me, is also a long vowel sound. And so we don't have those sorts of dip thumbs in Arabic phonetics, they can't be back to back. And so we need some sort of protection, some sort of buffer to bounce one off of the other or to bridge the two, let's say, and so this is why the newness there.
Excuse me. Um, so in first person.
It's not a difference of masculine and feminine. Here. It's not
the student who prepared the slides
to the colors different when it was a differentiation of masculine feminine. So notice that masculine is blue, and feminine is pink, but they intelligently left them both white because there is no distinction in the first person between masculine and feminine.
This is simply a phonetic thing. It's it's just for how it sounds. Just like we talked about avoiding two colons, Arabic phonetics also doesn't like
consonant clusters, right. So if we have a letter with an sukoon, and then another little letter after it with a sukoon, then Arabic phonetics puts a casserole on that letter. It's not an originally part of the letter cassava. They put it there to break up the sound and to keep it rolling. This is a similar thing. The new one here is simply for phonetic reasons.
Good, we'll see this in action. We'll see this in action. Let's get to the
to the lesson.
Okay.
Let's have a conversation here between Hamid and Mohammed. Let's go to the sheikh family.
Doctor Zia. Could you be Hamid and sister eSmart? Could you be Mohammed
Nataly Vaughn
Bill Jemma
can meet Jamia tea
and that Ali Boone JD done now another livan didn't
mean
the
nominal Hindi
must smoker
it's me Mohammed
Well, I mean mean how one man has
done the math aka
what was Amelie.
Who Aiden
Mino in de
la Hua mineral yeah Ben
was more he
was
much more who
is more who
hum Sir Who comes to comes
to
mA Nova to
Muhammad do good also the
logo
or the to
hear logo
circular tone
nom
here Luba Atul Lovato Sahana to Salatin Lobaton salatu
wa Hamza to
my lover to
lower
your urbania to we're here
we're here lower tool
saw the tool
a no
boo Korea Muhammad
Abney
Abney Phil to waiting. Who are the baby will be born Shahe shahidul
aina omega
here, I then fee here I then feel coo Phil Kuwait to Cofield Kuwaiti, Ma Ma. Ni
Ma Ma Robin's here. Moodle reset. Twin who NACA
za ha habita a little
coffee yesterday. Muhammad do
now the hub the hub to
was
was me.
Was a me no
This
ain't a Boo. Boo Boo.
Boo
abou feel Yeah, Bernie was dodgy rune
Kabira. kaberuka.
I love ca a home Yahama
na Nam
Nia a Han. Why hidden? Is more who was smarter
Who is most my two? Well who are my IE?
Maria Hoonah Phil Mohammed
no my mill Medina. To me with Phil Medina still? No no. No water. Very good. You got one you got it. Okay
well Lee done. Why hidden? is smooth. Smooth ha. Xena boo. We're here fill your offI my eyes me. Ma Zoji Zoji ha
though xojo Ha.
Mohan this one we're almost there last night
in the
in the car so yeah
the
two year
yeah I feel
lum llama in the car or tune
in the data just tune
hums to in the in, in the who say
wow. Okay, so tell me, both of you how much like let's give a percentage of how much you feel like you understood that while you were reading
60 to 70 questions. Yeah. Good, fantastic. That's the sweet spot. That's exactly what we're going for. Around that is challenging enough that we're learning and unfamiliar enough that it's not boring. I let them go on purpose, just kind of trying to make their way through it as best they could. This is a step up in difficulty from anything we've done before. This is like a three page conversation.
Compared to the other very small, you know,
dialogues that were in previous chapters, sometimes they were multiple examples, just two or three lines each and I was kind of breaking it up among you.
We're going to have everybody read through this with a partner one time during class inshallah so that everybody can get that practice. And so we're going to be reading it next class.
So if you have time to practice in between this class and next class, definitely try it out. In the remaining time for today, I'm going to try to just give vocabulary and point out the relationship between what we just discussed pronouns and the dialogue.
So we have men enter straightforward enough answer is a subject pronoun. Who are you? Anna? barleywine. Build jamea. Okay, B is a flexible preposition in Arabic. That means many, many things. We use it
in this context I mean at
at the university. I'm a student at the university. It has many more meanings than just that. But that's what it means here.
And the body wounds of Eden again, another subject pronoun
nom and I thought he wanted to do you don't mean Aina Anta? Where are you from? And I mean out of hand. Mess smoker. Okay, so we have isum, which is named. Okay, isn't, isn't
this small. And now what is happening is we've added the
possessive pronoun, your name, mess, small cap.
We run these two together, because the first letter is 100 tawassul. And so we do not pronounce it unless it's at the beginning of a sentence. So, mess, mocha mess, smoky mess moko?
All ways of asking various types of people, what their name is. Okay? Is everybody clear up to this point on this screen? For those of you who don't have
the book along with you? Any questions about what's on the screen right now?
That's fairly straightforward. Okay. And everything else that comes later is just variations on the theme. Okay? Notice, okay, so we have isum, which means name
is Smolka. What's your name? He replies is me. Mohammed, don't write my name.
This is Mohammed. There's our move to that. There's our cover.
And this is
the simple right? Just like our graph showed or our chart chart just a second ago. It's me mining. The default.
Possessive pronoun is just simply a Yeah.
Well, men had Alfetta Okay, that's a new word. I think that means young men.
It's not quite, it's older than unleaded.
Right, but younger than Rajan.
So a Fattah is
young man.
I love the Mac. We have a new proposition Ma.
And Ma means with
and that's fairly straightforward. Pretty much translates one to one with English. Notice that we can add
possessive pronouns to prepositions with you. Now I can't
marry with me. Now I come with you all.
What's his answer? Well, Hammond says who a subject pronoun he is because it's melted up hover. Zanmi Li is a meal. I'm not sure if we had that word before but so meal means classmates or or colleague. Here it means classmates
obviously,
classmates and notice that it has the first person possessive ending or possessive pronoun. He's my classmate who is a meal is Amelie.
A hola Ivonne middle hint is he also I believe we've learned either one before either means also
if we haven't put it up there
who are you Dominello Hindi la Hola, Mina Lea Bernie
mess smooth. Ah, look we're using SM and all these ways is Mocha is me is small who
what is his name? Who his classmates this young man who is with him?
Anybody have any questions on the screen?
Take your screenshots whatever you need to do
okay, erase and move on.
Mess mobile. What's his name is smooth hands, too.
His name is Hamza. As that's the pronoun right there. Move to the
marula Touka the word here is Lola tune Luca tone is language.
Right? But now check out what happened. We added a possessive pronoun to it. So we have to straight and out this time on a router.
Because Tamar booters don't happen in the middle of words
into a normal tap.
Luva Touka
your language
now let's okay. Yeah, Mohamed do and Dr. Z correctly noticed that Mohamed doon becomes Mohammadu after Yeah.
What is your language? What language do you speak
we're now we're taking the noun Lulu or Lova tone. And now we're adding different possessive possessive pronouns to it logo t my language
which is
moved to the L or D two, or do
l or D two
he asks a follow up question. He says Here
is it. Now look at how he used a puzzle. He used a subject pronoun to refer back to Lulu because that's what you've already been talking about. Is it a hard language? Or sorry? He says is it an easy language here certainly is one easy
he could have said a logo to on satellite one here or something else
But he said he logo to himself that is for do an easy language
here here fills in for the
the answer none here logo tone sad Latin and you all can agree or disagree with his assessment of odo
logo tone sounds
simple I hear because legato is a feminine word
I misspoke it's not here refers back to an old idea and not Nova here because Nova is is stated. But yes, if it were referring to Nova it would have been here because Nova is feminine, or the because of its Tamar Gupta is feminine. And so that's why we use here instead of who.
What happens to my logo to who? Ah, good. This shows us that its logo is a feminine noun, but we're talking about who's possessing it whose language is it we're talking about Hamza and that's why we use a masculine, possessive pronoun. Well Hamza Moldova to who what's Hamza's language Lova to who Alia Baniya to
we're here, meaning Alia Baniya. feminine word with the Tamil Huzzah. Logo tone Saba tone
saw Samba is a feminine version of Soglin which means difficult.
Aina Borka
Yeah, Mohammadu
boo Ka comes from EB and we'll talk about there's a little bit of a funny thing going on here with the well we don't have enough time to talk about it today. We'll talk about it next class, but as the means father
and so Abu Bakr is your father
any questions on anything here?
Recent scroll
Abby, ah, see what he does there? He adds the Yeah. To make it my father. Abby, feel Kuwaiti my father is in Kuwait. Hola. He is motor cover. Or we will share here he is a famous doctor. What Anaa omocha on his mother omocha your mother here she subject pronoun. I Yvonne feel Kuwaiti ma Abby with my father.
Here modal Risa Toon honeck.
She is a teacher there.
The habitat we have not learned conjugation for verbs yet we'll do that next class. We're out of time today. 11 Kuwaiti and Mohammed Have you gone to Kuwait? Mohammed? Nah, I'm gonna have to again we'll learn that next class was me Luca, your classmates Aina boo. Where is his father so we had Abu can now we have a boo, Hezbollah, Abu philia Bernie, who attacked you don't get me wrong
Mashallah.
Let's scroll down.
Allah laka
you're asking? He were asked in the physical location of his father, how would you say where are your father from like, your heritage or whatever.
From where?
So that's the difference between Aina and MYNAME.
Aina means where right now I
mean Aina from where from? Where does he come from? Where is
good question. Aleca. Remember our land before this was for possession.
Now we're putting on a possessive pronoun to it laka.
For yours, do you have
and we're fairly over time. And this is the biggest sentence in this example. So I'm inclined to actually stop here. And next class. We will pick up where we left off. We'll explain the rest of the conversation.
We will
all practice this
dialogue. It's a very, very important dialogue. And we'll talk about verb conjugation. And we'll talk about the differences between using li
for possession versus using end, which is what we get into here in the end. Did someone have a question?
Yes, one question.
So, now
it's me Mohammed in an ISP is probably redundant. We cannot say that right? Right. Arabic hates redundant.
Very good, very good point. And this is actually exactly what all of your children did in Sunday school last week, I taught them this exact lesson about possessive pronouns and the first instinct was to make sentences and izmi because that's how we kind of think about the order in English but what we're doing with the order in Arabic is we're reversing it
it's me is literally name mine
right? It's not my name because in English we say my name we want to say Anna is me know nobody would anybody hears you saying that? Like oh, that's next question will be where are you from? Right because that's not something a native Arabic speaker would ever say. It's me Mohammed.
Anything you can Eliminate? Eliminate it that's the that's the rule with Arab sometimes to a fault.
But with not with this stuff, this stuff is very clear. Anybody else any questions?
Sorry, I'm gonna pick on the same thing again. So I can say another Mohammed or no? Yes.
Complete sentence, right? Because enter serves a purpose in that sentence that can't be replaced by anything else. Right. But when you say it's me, Mohammed. Right, that's also a complete sentence. You're not talking about you you're talking about my name.
And so adding something else like i My name is Mohammed would be redundant saying SP Mohammed is basically saying, I My name is Mohammed.
Which we don't say an English. Right, so
good.
Anyone else?
Okay, great work, everybody. Happy to see us getting into some more difficult stuff. It's exciting to move on to new things. And we'll get through it together and show up so we'll practice um, we will practice the conversation and go over it more next time. Michelle was
a Salaam Alaikum Warahmatullahi