Muhammad West – The Revival #21
AI: Summary ©
The transcript describes the history of the Spanish-led movement, which began with the Spanish-led movement and ended with the British-led movement. The movement attempted to convert Muslims to their own religion, but was hit by the Spanish-led movement. The British-led movement eventually lost control and eventually lost control. The fall of Al Qaeda was a decline in the Muslim world, with the French and Portuguese attempting to establish independence, and the Spanish Empire in its colonial period.AI: Transcript ©
Alhamdulillah, Allah
and Allah grant all of us to capture
that night in Ibadah,
a 1000 months of a lifetime of reward
and complete forgiveness of all sins. That's what's
up for grabs in the next few nights,
so Allah grant us the ability and the
strength to accept from us. Amen. Tonight we
sadly conclude with the final chapter of Andalus,
the final fall of Granada.
So remember, it was stages in which the
Reconquista, the, Christians were able to reconquer parts
and parts
of of, Andalusia. First, they conquered Toledo and
then the,
the Morabitun stopped them from going beyond Toledo.
Then after the defeat of the Morabitun and
the Almohads, they conquered Granada, they conquered Seville
and Cordoba.
This was in the 12 fifties, and the
last remaining little kingdom was the kingdom of
Granada,
the extreme south of of of Al Andalus.
And this kingdom,
you know, by the grace of Allah and
through certain events, held out for about 200
years. For 200 years, it was the remaining
bastion of of of Islam. There was also
the,
bubonic plague, the black death that swept through
Europe and which caused a lot of the,
expansion to stop. So Granada survived
up until the end of 15th century, 1492.
14/92, a very, very sad date in our
history. This is the fall of Granada. And
what is even sadder, what makes it even
worse, is that Granada, this
kingdom that had so many castles and structures,
the most famous of which is the Alhambra
the Alhambra castle, which was impenetrable. The the
the crusade the the Christians could never recapture
these kingdoms.
The way it fell, once again,
civil war. Civil war. The crusaders are all
around you and still nephew fighting uncle.
And,
eventually, 4 1492,
the, kingdoms of of Spain, the Christian kingdoms
of Spain were at the doorstep, and they
had no other choice. The Muslims of Granada
had no choice but to hand over the
the keys of Granada. So on on January
2nd, 1492, Muhammad the 12th of Granada, his
name was king, well, they called him Abu
Abd Allah. Abu Abdil surrendered the emirate of
Granada, the city of Granada, and the Alhamra
the Alhambra Castle is perhaps the most amazing,
palace one of the most amazing palaces that
was built in,
in Europe. It's still there today. It's a
tourist destination, and, it was handed over to
Queen Isabella, the queen of Spain.
And the terms of the agreement was
the whole city is Muslim and there are
still hundreds of thousands of Muslims throughout Spain
that we will hand the city over on
condition you do not stop us from practicing
Islam. Those who want to leave may live
freely. Those who want to stay may continue
to be Muslims. The mosques will remain. The
madrasas will remain. You won't force us to
convert to Christianity.
They agreed to this. The Castilians,
Queen Isabella, agreed to this. They did not
agree for that for the Jews.
When they took over, they said to the
Jews, you either convert or die. And so
1492,
all the Jews of Andalusia left and they
came to North Africa or the Ottoman lands.
Many of the Jews in Israel, where did
they come from? North Africa, how did they
get there? They were expelled from Andalus.
The Muslims, of course, had a type of
protection,
but this didn't last very long because a
new pope or new archbishop came and he
forcefully tried to convert many of the Muslims.
He banned the reciting of the Quran. They
closed Masjid.
They didn't allow them to to,
to,
you know, teach their kids Islam. And so
after a few years, the Muslims rose and
rebelled and said, you're not following the the
treaty, and this rebellion was crushed severely. And
within 5 years, Islam was banned. And they
gave the Muslims in 50 so, look, 40/9
2 was when Granada fell.
1501, 10 years later, the treaty is canceled,
and they say to all the Muslims, you
are get you have the same option like
the Jews
now, convert,
leave or die. Those are your three choices.
You become Christian or you leave Andalus, you
leave Spain or you die. We execute you.
And
it's mentioned that more than a 1000000 Muslims
left Al Andalus over the over the time
period. It was a type of genocide Muslims
left, but the majority
couldn't leave. In fact, leaving was almost impossible
for many of the Muslims.
And so, and this is the reality, the
bulk of the Andalusian Muslims
converted to Christianity.
They converted to Christianity, and they were given
a special a name called the mariscos.
Means small the Mu'as is what they call
the Muslims, the the Mu'as.
And Marisco is a small mua, like a
former Muslim. And the reality is everybody knew.
The authorities knew that they are only converting
in name, but they are still Muslim at
home. At home, they are still practicing their
Islam. In in public, we are Christian.
We change our names. We wear Christian attire.
But at home, we practice Islam.
And the Muslims wrote to the grand Mufti
of of North Africa to say, we can't
leave,
and we are being forced. We're being persecuted.
What can we do? And he wrote a
famous fatwa, the fatwa of, Waha'an or, the
Oran Fatwa, where he basically said, whatever you
need to do to survive, if they force
you to go to church, go to church.
If they force you to eat pork, eat
pork. If they force you to break your
fast in the Ramadan, do that. But when
you're alone, as best you can, make your
salah and your heart must be attached to
Allah. And so for secretly, these were crypto
Muslims. Can you imagine this? Secretly, they're trying
to preserve the Islam. They're trying to keep
the Islam alive, but outwardly, they're being forced.
And that's where the Spanish inquisition comes. Where
what mean the Spanish inquisition? They're testing testing
you for what? Are you really a Christian?
Ramadan time, all the converts will be k,
all the mariscos, you need to eat during
the day so we can see you.
Every Marisco, you have to have pork in
your house.
If you took a bath on Friday, your
name is written down. Why are you so
into bath, you know, bathing and cleaning 5
times a day?
They
one of the worst kind of test they
would do is you had to publicly insult
the prophet insult the Quran to to prove
that you were a Christian. And this, of
course, became and many Muslims, of course, could
not survive under this. Some of them left.
Some of them remained.
And in this rule, there were some, regions
of of of of Spain that was a
little more a little more lenient, like Valencia,
but then they also adopted this policy. So
1567,
the King Philip of of of Spain
gave Muslims all all Muslims, all all,
those in in Andalus, you either convert to
Christianity or you die or you leave, and
you're not allowed to have an Arabic claim.
You're not allowed to even speak Arabic. You're
not allowed to have an Arabic book.
Your children, any child of a Marisco, has
to be enrolled and be taught by a
priest.
You cannot go to any other school except
the Catholic school, your kids. They have to
be baptized.
And so this continues on for another 50
years. Muslims living secretly the Islam, trying to
maintain what they can. Of course, some embrace
Christianity,
and were Christians. But even so, the church
was not happy because they realized that no
matter how much you force a people in
their heart is not going to convert, you're
not going to get Islam out of them.
And so 1609, so that's, like, a 100
years after the fall of Granada,
they passed a rule. All the Mariscos,
all of you need to leave.
All of you Mariscos, even those who embrace
Christianity
faithfully said we can't trust you. You might
be a threat to us. And 100 of
1000 of
Muslims who were hidden Muslims or those who
embrace Christianity, they were forced to to leave.
But many Christians were not happy with this.
They said, how can you allow their children
to leave? So they decided the parents must
go and the children that remained behind.
They separated between the parents
of the Muslims and the kids. They said,
you parents, Hugo, these kids are pure. They've
been baptized. They've been learned Christianity, and they
were taken and confiscated, And 100 of 1000
of Muslims had to leave their kids behind,
and they were forced into
into, exiled, and they were forced into, expelled
to most of them into North Africa.
Such a sad moment, and that is basically
the 16th c or the 1600 is the
end of the Mariscos. But even up to
a 100 years later, you still found 1
or 2 people being tried as being secret
Muslims.
People obviously, you know, tried to survive and
keep their deen together. Till today,
find when they renovate houses, they'll find in
the houses, there are certain, like, you know,
hidden rooms where they find kitabs,
people still trying their best to keep Islam
alive as best they can, trying to fight
for that little bit of deen. And but,
of course, this under the pressure of this
kind of weight, eventually Islam becomes extinct in
Al Andalus, a place where for 900 years,
Islam flourished.
Islam, one of the beacons of civilization,
one of, you know, they our input in
in Al Andalus, into Spain, made it a
global superpower. We'll talk about how Spain now
becomes this most powerful nation in the world
off the backs of our technology.
And then sadly, Islam completely disappeared. It's only
recently, like a few years ago, that the
first Masjid was rebuilt in Granada.
Only now people, of course, are returning to
to Spain and people themselves embracing Islam. SubhanAllah.
Alhamdulillah, at least the architecture remain. Even out
of the hatred for Islam, they couldn't bring
it upon themselves to tear down the architecture,
and so you still see the remnants of
al Andalus,
in in in Spain.
Some interesting people that that that
is worth mentioning. There's a lady, the last
say, the last queen of Islam,
Sayida al Hurrah.
She was from Granada. She was from a
so many of the nobles who had money,
they left, of course. They took their positions
and they left. And she was of those
nobles who have parents who were noble. They
left Granada 14, in 14/92,
and they ended up in Morocco. And from
Morocco, she and her husband established a little
town called Tituan. It's a UNESCO heritage site,
so it's like a refugee town. So they
said all the refugees
come and those who have been expelled from
Al Andalus, you can live, and we will
look after you here. Also, by the way,
the think about this.
The Muslims in Al Andalus,
they've been writing to all the Amirs, the
Mamluks in Egypt, the Khalifa or the Ottoman
caliph sultan in in in Constantinople,
help us, save us. Nobody really came to
the aid. 1 or 2 would give a
ship some aid, some trucks, but no one
is willing to send a soldier.
No one is ready to do anything. One
of the only people that did something active
was a a a pirate called Barbarossa. We'll
talk about him now. The pirate Barbarossa means
a head beard. You know, in many pirate
movies, there's pirate Barbarossa. So after this guy,
he was like the scourge of the of
the Mediterranean, and he did his best to
smuggle
Muslims out of Spain and give them a
a a safe passage to to North Africa.
And so this lady, Sayid Al Khura,
so she and her husband establishes the city.
It's a refugee city,
in in in Morocco, and
she made it her life's mission
to disrupt and to fight back against the
Spanish. And so she joins up with these,
pirates, Barbarossa, got trained by him, and she
and, an elite group of the Spanish,
Muslims who fled, they saw almost form a
pirate fleet and they would do everything they
can to disrupt the Spanish Armada. And they
do significant damage to the Spanish,
lines to the point where the Mediterranean remains
you know, they can't really control the Mediterranean,
and that's why you'd find many of their
voyages were not in the Mediterranean, it was
across other parts of the world, the Portuguese
and the Spanish, the age of discovery. So
this is all linked into each other. And
so so at least, you know, that spirit
of fighting back remained, and she continued to
be the amira, which is a pirate by
day and a queen by night ruling her
city. And,
you know, what's what's also just interesting to
to note, her husband eventually dies. When when
her husband died, the king of Morocco proposed
to her and he, because she met him
when she was quite young, she went to
the king and she convinced him, give us
a town. I mean, you go to a
king and say, give me a piece of
a land. Let it be independent. And he
was so taken back by her that he
said, no problem. And he never forgot her.
He continued to propose to her, propose to
her, and she said, I will never leave
my city. And eventually, he conceded. He said,
fine. I'll I'll marry you and I will
relocate to Tetuan as the only Moroccan king
who left the capital of Morocco to marry
this lady, and they,
they, you know, established the city. And until
today, it still stands there. And so, very
sad history of of the fall of Al
Andalus. And as we said,
what's interesting though, if you link now you
link up this is now 2 worlds, you
know, you see 2 worlds,
you know, developing differently. The Muslim world is
on a decline, and you see the European
powers ascending.
1492,
remember that date. That is the date
that Granada falls. 1492
is also the date that Christopher Columbus discovers
America. 1492, Christopher Columbus discovers America. If you
go to Alhambra,
you'll see a statue of Christopher
Columbus, and they'll tell you this is where
Christopher Columbus was standing when the Amir of
Granada gave the keys of Alhambra to queen
Isabella. What's Christopher Columbus, the American guy, he's
actually Italian, what's he doing there? How will
these two link these two stories?
Christopher Columbus was
a an an explorer, and he believed that
if he sails west, he's gonna get to
India. And he believed that they that if
you go all the way through
queen and king of Spain,
give me the opportunity to to do this,
and together, we will civilize the world from
like you have done to these Moors here
in Al Al Andalus. He writes to them
in his diary. As you had forced Christianity
upon them, allow me to do this and
discover new lands and will force the heathens
and the uncivilized people. They couldn't afford this
voyage until they opened the treasury of Granada.
When they opened the treasury of Granada,
Granada was the wealthiest state in Spain,
and he was able to get his ships
from her, from the Queen Isabella, and through
that,
America,
South America, and the Spanish Empire begins. They're
able now to send their ships around the
world, the Portuguese and the Spanish, and they
are to discover the age of discovery. The
colonial age begins really, you could say, with
the fall of Granada. That technology
and that wealth that they took from the
the Andalusians
would be the foundation of the Spanish Empire,
which is the first colonial power. Very interesting
as well. If you go to,
so as I said, Christopher Columbus spent a
number of months in Spain trying to get,
the the finances, but also he tried his
best to plan how is he gonna do
this voyage. The place in which he's sitting
and doing his work and mapping out his
his chart is called
La Rabida. It's a Rabita. It was a
masjid. It's a it's a it's a monastery
now. So he's sitting in a masjid,
and he's planning
how he's going to voyage to the west.
And from there, of course, as we said,
the rest is history and,
it's very sad, but also to show you
our legacy. And I also wanna take this
point. Muslims conquered many lands, as I said
this before.
When we have conquered lands, look at what
Christianity is still alive and well in the
Middle East,
in Egypt,
in,
in Palestine. The churches that were there before
Islam, they're still there. They're fine. We ruled
India. We're gonna talk about India for a
1000 years. The Hindus are still the majority.
But whenever these foreign powers have come, not
a single Muslim remains
in Al Andalus. When they conquered constant conquered
Jerusalem, a genocide
currently, what's happening is a genocide. We can
be very proud of our history, and we
should never forget what we had achieved. So
may Allah grant that, we learn from these
lessons and what a great legacy the chapter
are very sad, but a great legacy of
Al Andalus. We close that page inshallah. We
continue,
tomorrow, and we'll talk about the gunpowder
empires, a new age of the gunpowder empires
inshallah.
Yesterday's question, we asked which mad hub did
Ibtaimir belong to? He, of course, was a
Hambali scholar,
and, we have Yacine Jaseem.
Yacine?
Yeah. Okay.
And
Lutvia?
Is this a Lutvia?
Is sister Lutfiya? Yeah? No. She's there. Oh,
okay.
Antifatima
Tonight's,
question,
which term was used to identify Muslims who
converted to Christianity? What was the term that
is used? And then just a reminder that
at, 20 past 10, we would have
Related Episodes
- Mohamad Baajour – JAR #70 Virtues Of Reciting Certain Suras Of The Quran
- Navaid Aziz – Reflections On Soorah Al Kauthar A Defence Of The Prophet
- Reda Bedeir – The Power Of One Ayah #19
- Sajid Ahmed Umar – Stories of Al Kahf #10 – The Savior Part 2
- Mohammad Elshinawy – The Great Women of Madinah
- Ali Hammuda – Palestine is bridging the gap
- AbdelRahman Murphy – Prophet Moses raised in the House of Pharaoh