Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera – A History of Islam in India (in 40 Minutes)
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The pinnacle of the Muslim power and prosperity was under the Mogul
zone. That's what starts now. So about 500 years ago, they
eventually ended up ruling India for about 300 years Barber was a
descendant of Genghis Han. So these are the Mongols. So that's
that's his origin. That's his ancestory. That was the thing
again, this can who destroy, you know, who's ruled, you know, they
destroyed the capital of the Ambassade caliphate of Baghdad
just before that, and large parts of the Muslim world. Now the same
descendant of his comes and raises the banner of Islam in most of the
Indian lands, in addition to Afghanistan and many other
surrounding areas. That's why you got this Barbary Masjid. He built
it, right. So the Babri Masjid is named after him. He was an
outstanding military leader, very wise man. And he The reason he was
so successful is very able to absorb the cultural and religious
diversity in India. That was the tough parts of India, the
religion, the religious and cultural diversity of India.
Huge number of races, languages, religions, you have to just bring
them together. This pretty much appears to be the main recipe for
governance in India, as opposed to what exists now. This is why it's
getting worse. And this is why people are worried because they're
trying to make it one tract. Muslims are a minority in India,
they're only about 15 to 20% maximum, but that still gives them
about 200 million 200 million just in India alone today, Pakistan has
another 200 million Bangladesh has another 100 and 50 million or
something like that. I mean, if you put that if you put just the
Indian Muslims together of present day India, that's more than the
Muslims in the Middle East today.
Al Hamdulillah Al Hamdulillah in Hamden Cathedral on the uban
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Jalla Jalla, WA Manuel wa salatu, wa salam O Allah say you dill
Habib Al Mustafa. SallAllahu Taala are they who are either early he
or softly he Ebola was seldom at the Sleeman cathedral Elomi Dean a
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called Allahu Tabata with their IRA for the Quran emoji they will
for Cardinal Hamid one Tamil alone in country mumineen Wakata Allah,
Allah Who team minority while Kelley healthcare for your own
difference. This, for me was actually a very interesting topic
when it was broached to me. It's a great idea, I think, because I've
always had an interest in the history of India. When I say
India, I mean, Indian subcontinent is a much greater than what is the
India of today? And to understand how things have reached, and
yeah, got to where it is. One thing you have to remember about
the Indian subcontinent is that the people of the Indian
subcontinent are travelers. They're very adventurous. They're
very enterprising. How did that all come about? And today, you see
that there's Indians throughout the world, when I mean Indians, I
mean, Indians, and present day Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis. And
people from Burma, Myanmar, and even parts of Afghanistan. That's
what I mean by the subconscious subcontinent people pretty much
throughout the world, wherever you go. Right?
What would that have been like? There's Muslims, in all of these
countries, in many countries. I mean, you've traveled to many
countries in Africa, literally in Africa, in
if you traveled to the Caribbean,
of course, many countries in the west and so on, you'll see many
people from the subcontinent that have played, you know, major roles
in a lot of these places. Now, in 14 minutes, it's going to be
extremely difficult to contain a history of the subcontinent, it's
going to be very, very difficult, you know, just one or two
incidents will take you 40 minutes. So we're talking about a
very, very large area, a very, very large area, very large
population. I think today, the population of the subcontinent
would be at least a billion of the whole sub content put together.
It's got a very, very long and varied history, we're actually
only going to start 1400 years ago, otherwise, it's had a much,
much longer history, obviously. And it's been many, many rulers
and dynasties, many, many ruling systems out there. Of course,
within all of that many events, individuals and stories that
definitely deserve a mention but limit of time, we're going to have
to just suffice with
a basic timeline. And then we'll try to zoom into certain
certain specific events Allah subhanaw taala for assistance, we
can't cover it all the Muslims we can definitely say that most
Since arriving in India has eventually we can say this from
right now from what we actually see today is that they've had an
impact around the whole world. How did that all begin? So firstly, if
we go back to just about 20 years after the Prophet sallallahu
alayhi wa sallam starts his call.
And the profits and losses mission takes off in Makkah in the hijas
in Mocha, mocha Rama, Madina, Munawwara. Around that time, just
about around that time, and actually before that, you had Arab
merchants that used to visit parts of India, especially the the, the
western coast, specifically kochen which is essentially just south of
Bombay today. And north of Bombay, which is the Gujarat coast. So,
Bombay is kind of in in Maharashtra. And above that starts
the state of Gujarat, which continues all the way up to
towards Sindh in Pakistan. So, they used to come on that coast
and then further south on the Malabar coast, which is now going
more towards the Kerala side of things down. If you look at any
map of India, you'll be able to see, these are the three major
areas of the western coast and because they used to be a trade
between the Indians before Islam and the Arabs.
So how Islam initially spread was actually through some of the
merchants through some of the merchants. They'd heard about
Islam. They embraced Islam from the from from Makkah Makarov
Madina, Munawwara. And now, they actually come and they told people
about the belief in one God, and this religion that does not
distinguish between Arab and non Arab except through piety.
So this is about 20 years after the beginning of Islam. So now
slowly, slowly, you get small, you get the beginning of the spread of
Islam in different parts of India, the place where it probably had
the earliest and greatest impact, but which is probably relatively
less known is islands just off the Carolina coast, that are called
the Lakshadweep islands. They're a very, very pristine set of islands
on their 19 97% Muslim and absolutely blue waters and the
oceans and arenas quite amazing. That is where the sheikh Khalid
Sheikh Khalid Sheikh Obaidullah probably around the year 661 He
ended up there on a shipwreck, and then he went from village to
village and mashallah people accepted his call about Islam. And
he came he came from Morocco, Morocco, Rama, he came from
Morocco, Morocco, Rama, and there's stories about him seeing
the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam first in his dream,
telling him to go to these lands, he ends up in this
on these on this island, or in this area, which has multiple
islands actually, and mashallah people become Muslim there. And
until now, you got 97%, which are Muslim at that time.
However, in terms of larger amounts of people converting to
Islam or how Islamic rule came into India, was when there was a
king of sin, which is in present day Pakistan. So Karachi is
actually in the province or the state or whatever it's called of
Sindh in Pakistan. Pakistan has four major states and one of them
is called Sindh. That is, was ruled by a
obviously a non Muslim at that time, what he did was he assaulted
some Muslim merchants and captivated their women. And this
was during the omega times, this is when hijab in the use of is the
governor for Abdulmalik number one and others. So,
this is a time when India includes Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and
Nepal, as well.
So this, this person's name was Raja Dahir. The head that was his
name, and Walid ignore Abdul Malik the omit Kalief Willi Dibner Abdul
Malik, he gives a direct response. He sends Muslim armies under
Mohammed bin Qasim, you guys must have heard this story. This is a
very well known story. Mohammed bin Qasim a photography is related
to hygiene the use of in that scene about 672 he manages to in
at the age of 17. With an army he manages to conquer sinned, the
Sindh area of Pakistan. That's why some of the earliest scholarships
that have impacted Islamic scholarships and earliest
scholars, they've seen the scholars, you got scholars from
the second to third century from sin and what had the theme of will
match that a Cindy and many others and you see their names, but it
was only sin that was under Islamic rule at that time not the
rest of India. India has India you have to remember has multiple
languages. We're talking about languages in the hundreds going to
one report I read is over 800 languages, right? That could be
doesn't have to be full blown languages, but definitely with
lots of variation. It's got you know, you go to many Arab
countries and you see within that one country that the food is going
to be the same way
Have you go in many countries the food is the same. Wherever you go,
there's not really much of a difference you go to India, the
food cuisine changes, you know from every 100 miles or something
Subhanallah even in Gujarat, the food is quite different in
different areas. And then South India, North India, Kashmir is
totally different. Ben, Ben goal is different, Assam is different,
and so on. So we're talking about really lots of different peoples
ethnicities, the northern Indians, and the southern Indians actually
a different people, most of us, which will tend to be from
northern India, were considered to be indo Aryans, the South southern
Indians, they consider to be Dravidians, by ethnicity, they are
totally different people. They're much more, I mean, us northern
Indian tend to be more louder and a bit more, you know? Yeah, much
louder. I would say, I've been to South India and the guys arguing
and I'm like, what they like to do, like very silent argument, I
said, some online are very, very different. So India has a
variation of people, right, various different
ethnicities, and so on. Anyway, then successive battles continue
to take place we took between these OMA years, you know,
and various Indian kingdoms, right, India was not always ruled
by a single entity, there were various different kingdoms because
everybody was so different. It's very difficult to get people
together. So yeah, Muslims have been ruling India since then. But
that doesn't mean all of India, I think there's been two or three
instances where eventually took over all of India. But there's
been Islam in India for all of those years.
Eventually, what's happened is that Muslims carved out some areas
from western and northern India, primarily. So Northern India
sinned, and then some parts of western India, but none resulted
in a full Muslim empire in India yet. And then eventually we about
132 Hijiri. That's when the Abbasids came to power domains
were deposed. And then after that many of the battles were stopped,
then the main person that comes in now is the other resonates. Now,
as the name suggests, let's know it's there from rezny. Now,
firstly, is in Afghanistan today. So you have the husband of each
state under the leadership of Sultan Mahmud, Allah has a very
well known, right, he had in total about 17 campaigns. And eventually
he received the title of Alexander the second write because of
the amount that he, you know, the kind of the efforts that he
managed to put out there. So the ghaznavid state was founded in the
city of legendary sorry, versus me in nine 961. And it was founded by
the keen, so these are Turkic. In fact, if you look at the majority
of the rulers that the Muslim world has had, they've been
Turkic, in origin, you had Arabs, you've had the Abbasids. And the
Romanians, the 40 minutes, there will be no Arabs, or you bits have
been Kurdish. However, if you look at the Sama and its if you look at
the hundreds, if you look at the Seljuks, the Mamluks. And there's
been three different groups of Hmong looks to in Egypt, and then
one in India, which we're going to talk about. And then of course,
the Ottomans. They're all been Turkish. So you could probably say
that the majority has been Turkic, not Turkish, Turkic, Turkish
Turkey is a new idea. They actually came from the steppes,
and Turkey today was more, you know, the land of the Crusaders,
and so on that was taken over by the Seljuks first and then the
Ottomans consolidated the rest of it, right. And then we have what
we have today, it's a very interesting idea.
And then, of course, the moguls they took in origin, they came
from the Fergana Valley, and they ruled probably the longest in the
Indian subcontinent. And the probably the most powerful Muslim
rulers in India have been the moguls. So the RESNA, which is
where it starts, and they took over the first battle for India
was around in the 1000. So just you know, over 1000 years ago, it
was this by Maha Mudra, tsunami and so on. This was followed by
about 16 campaigns, after which Islam spread more in north India,
you know, probably beyond sin in north India. And eventually that
was, you could say that was, you could say, the founding
cornerstone for the consolidation of Islamic rule in the region that
then extends to at least eight centuries after that.
So after you have sinned, this is the you know, the major the major
role played here with by the president is to now lay foundation
for Muslims to carry on from there.
The resonant dynasty unfortunately did not last survive very long
after the death of the greatest of the Sultan's Mahmud of Ghazni.
That was he died in 1030. Right So 30 years out
The the the the first sin was a millennium, the first millennium.
Yes, that was the first millennium, and then eventually
actually soon collapse at the hands of the next Dynasty, which
is the Muslim hordes. So these are the words, who continued to expand
the Islamic rule in India, they were descendants. Now these were
different they were descendants of one tribes, right. So the other
ones have played their parts in India as well. And they had
entered into Islam around 10th century anyway, and they put them
they initially were under the surface of the resonates. But
eventually they established their own state has happened a lot of
times. And after the last election, they carried on into
India as well. They stormed the plains of northern India, they
were able to control a large area, they're the most famous of the
hoods now was she had the Mohamed El Huri. Right. Unfortunately,
their state as well didn't last very long. They it ended with his
death as well. However, the one thing they did was during that
time, they managed to provide a basis for what would eventually
become known. And you have to remember this, the Sultanate of
Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate, that's a really major part because that's
where a lot of things happen from that was in 1206, to 200 years
later. And then many dynasties followed the whole, it's the first
of which was the Mamluks. These aren't the Mamluks of Egypt and
the Levant, that are more well known, right, that had direct
access or control and alliances with the Abbasids. Right? That's a
whole different history. The most prominent of these people, if
you've been to India, you go to India, you will come in Delhi, you
will see famous landmark, which is the Kotak Minnaar. This very long
tower, I've been there at least I think twice. And so that was built
by could within a buck could within a buck, one of the most
prominent leaders. So he was actually a leader under as I said,
the holy Shahabuddin a hoodie, but after the fall of the hooded
state, he became he established among Luke states in India. And
that's when it became known as the Sultanate of Delhi. So Delhi
became there's been other areas of India, other cities like Lahore
and a few other towns that have been the center of Indian rule.
Delhi was not necessarily always was not necessarily the place
where people ruled from. And remember, they were different
Sultan, people was never in Delhi, he was more self. So the Mamluks
only rule for about 90 years. So you've had the rest? No, it's the
Hornets. And now the Mamluks other dynasties followed. And then the
next major one was the Khilji dynasty that began in 1290. only
lasted about 31 years, but you'll hear the name that Khilji that
hill Geez.
This was then replaced by the toggle luck states that held they
then held this the Sultan of Delhi for nearly a century.
They they eventually managed to consolidate most of the area of
present day India at least as well as many of the neighboring
countries today, which would include presently Afghanistan and
Pakistan, for example. However, just like every other every other
state, the toggle of state also, eventually with it out, and then
there were more unrest in India. There was no more they weren't any
more subject to a single Sultan. There was a lot more chaos now.
Lots of different areas very difficult to manage India, right.
The last dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultan, where the low DS the low
these right Sikander Lodi and all these people that was between 1451
Now to 1526. So we're getting about 500 years ago, until
eventually they their state fell at the hands of the exceptional
leader. Now this is where the hero Dean barber comes in.
This is the start of the moguls the founder of the Mogul state in
India, where did he come from? It came from where the Fergana Valley
in present day Uzbekistan. The Fergana Valley is this amazing
place. If you go to Uzbekistan, people don't usually, you know, in
their short excursions they they don't usually go to the Fergana
but you should. Many, many scholars came from there and that
is also where the moguls came from. Thus the Delhi Sultanate the
Delhi Sultanate which had shone for about 320 years that
eventually declined, during which the region combined the unique
blend of Indian and Islamic civilizations, lots of
architecture had flourished at that time. And so on. The
the pinnacle of the Muslim power and prosperity was under the Mogul
zone. That's what starts now. So about 500 years ago. They
eventually ended up ruining India for about 300 years.
Barber was
a descendent of Genghis Han. So these are the Mongols. So that's
that's his origin that says ancestory. That was the same.
Again, this Khan who destroy, you know, who's ruled, you know, they
destroyed the capital of the embassy caliphate of Baghdad just
before that, and large parts of the Muslim world. Now the same
descendant of his comes and raises the banner of Islam, in most of
the Indian lands, in addition to Avalon, iStan, and many other
surrounding areas. That's where you got this Barbary Masjid. He
built it, right. So the Babri Masjid is named after him, he was
an outstanding military leader, very wise man. And he The reason
he was so successful is very able to absorb the cultural and
religious diversity in India, that was the tough parts of India, the
religion, the religious and cultural diversity of India.
Huge number of races, languages, religions, you had to just bring
them together. This pretty much appears to be the main recipe for
governance in India, as opposed to what exists now, this is why it's
getting worse. And this is why people are worried because they're
trying to make it one tract. Muslims are a minority in India,
they're only about 15 to 20% maximum, but that still gives them
about 200 million 200 million, just in India alone today,
Pakistan has another 200 million Bangladesh's, another 100 and 50
million or something like that. I mean, if you put that if you put
just the Indian Muslims together of present day India, that's more
than the Muslims in the Middle East today.
Right, if you don't count North Africa, you count the Middle East,
you know, the Gulf states and Syria and all these, there's more
Muslims in India as 200 million. That's not a small number.
But the majority have been Hindu all the time. The Muslims never
ruled by the sword. As such, most of the conversions had been for
different reasons, most of it, because of just the softness that
they saw the spirituality that they saw, and before people would
run away from Hinduism to Buddhism, because Buddhism didn't
have a class system. And Indians always had this caste system, a
very, very rigorous strict caste system where the higher classes
they ruled the lower class in the rule, the lower costs don't have
much privilege at all, they look down upon and so on. So they would
escape to Buddhism and when Islam came,
some people in some places they like to say that in some countries
which have Buddhism right now, they they give India is an example
that Muslims wiped out Buddhism not, it wasn't some kind of
aggressive wipe out, it's just that people no longer wanted
Buddhism, they they found Islam, it was just much more realistic
for them, and much more comprehensive for them. So people
started to embrace Islam in that sense, for multiple other reasons,
multiple other reasons as well.
So the Herodian Barber is as at 1530, a number of other great
leaders after him, his his son, son was Homayoun. He was only 22
years old when he
took the throne after his father died. Initially, he wasn't very
strong and organized. But later, he managed to get things back to
normal by 1556. However,
the most the strongest of them after Barber, you had to be his
son. And he ascended the throne when he was only 30 years old. And
that was gelato, the Akbar.
He was very powerful, very enlightened, but a bit crazy and
left left a weird legacy as well. Right.
Nobody thought at 13 that he's going to do much. So that
obviously impacted him later. But his rule finally extended to five
decades from 1556 to 1605. So that's five decades, he ruled for
a good amount of time. And his state expanded to eventually
include Gujarat, Bengal, Kashmir, and Sindh, Kandahar, in
Afghanistan, and all of these areas. So now he has a huge scope
there. And his forces moved to other areas and took other areas
as well. The states really flourished under his time, he was
able to really bring, I mean, he even married non Muslims, he, you
know, you know, under what terms and conditions, you know, there's
lots of discussion about that, but he really tried to bring everybody
together and a bit too much where he tried to eventually start a new
dean called Dean Akbari or Dina Elahi the divine religion where
you had bits of Islam bits of Hinduism.
He prohibited the consumption of cows and, and a lot of other
things, but eventually mashallah with the likes of Sheikh Ahmed
said Hindi Rahim, Allah and others. I've got a different
lecture on him that you can listen
Do Alhamdulillah Allah subhanho wa Taala managed to revive Islam
again in India and whatever the harms were there from Akbar. Now
after Akbar his son was Jiang Jiang, he was a much better person
much more inclined to the religion afterwards, Akbar was very
ideologically driven, Jahangir was a bit more laid back. That's why
it was easier to it was easier to convince him and masala Sheikh
Muhammad said Hindi managed to do that with him. But it was then his
son Zhang Yi eventually left as well. And then his son Shah Jahan.
Now everybody must know Shah Jahan, right. It was his time,
that was a time of great Renaissance architectural
renaissance in India. That's the time when you have the Taj Mahal,
the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid of Delhi. Now I have to stop here is
that I'm going to try to zoom in. But I'm definitely conscious of
the time. The Jama Masjid of Delhi is a place how many of you have
been to the Jama Masjid of Delhi, right? I don't know if you feel
anything down there. But every time I just want to go there, and
there's a very special feeling in the jar is this massive structure
that you have to climb stairs to get to the top, so they can apply
to this really, really amazing, awesome redstone. And it's got a
massive courtyard, I wish I could just keep it a bit cleaner, right?
And then the masjid itself. And you could just tell there's a buzz
there, there's a vibe there. And I would just would love to have gone
back in time, you know, 400 years and seen when the great scholars
would come there and give the discussions and the debates would
take place and the education, it's now surrounded by markets and
these old areas of Delhi behind there is the John the chalk and
all of that I used to just go out of study in India, you know, for
for a year and I would come to Delhi and just wander around, you
know, just trying to understand the history because it was around
that time when 1000s of scholars are massacred by the British much
later on. Right that place has seen a lot of upheaval. I've also
been to the other mercy the literal replica masjid, in Lahore,
which is the which is the Shahe Masjid there in Lahore, absolute
replica, I just didn't get the same buzz in Lahore, right as you
get here in Delhi. Anyway, to get back to our history, the greatness
of even the Muslim moguls now could not last forever in India.
And because the region had been coveted by the Europeans, not just
the British, but others as well, but the British have played the
main major parts in here. So now starts the colonial area era,
which has led finally to where we are right now. So at the beginning
of the 18th century, about 180 million people lived in India.
Remember, the whole population of the entire world was only about 2
billion until about one and a half centuries ago. This explosion you
know, this demographic explosion of population has been literally
the last century because of fertilizer and a lot of other
things like this. medical advancements and things like this
have gone to like seven, 8 billion now. But otherwise, for much of
history, the population never went beyond one to 2 billion anyway. So
100 and 80 million people lived in India making them nearly a fifth
of the world's population, it was a powerhouse right in there was a
powerhouse.
The problem was that this whole human force was divided right
especially by this time now it was divided and conflicting states,
religion, ethnics ethnicity, sectarian linguistic barriers,
cause issues. Right? You can see that today as well. There's, you
know, just language change and it causes barriers, intermarriage
issues and so on. Imagine then, you know, nevertheless, India was
very, very rich, huge amount of resources. And
but because of this weakness and division, that is what was
exploited, fertile environment it created for the colonizers. So the
British in India did not enter its territory in huge numbers, they
never entered in huge numbers, they were always a few. They just
use the local populations to fight one another and do their dirty
work. That was extremely strategic, what they did, and I
can't go into the British East India Company. That's a whole
history on its own. But essentially, that's they came in
as business people, they got some rights to do business. But
eventually, they started taking over land, and they just looked
down upon the people. After from 1757 and onwards, they basically
routed the French who also had interest. That's why you don't
have French you still have a bit of Portuguese influence on certain
areas in India.
But eventually they gain control first of bingo. That's why if you
go to Calcutta today, that's where you see the most historical
British buildings, English buildings, heritage buildings, you
see some in other areas, but I've seen the most in Calcutta today,
which is the kind of Bengal right so
in 1820, India had one of the largest armies of the world
about 350,000 men but almost all of them Indian.
The French did this with the Algerians
But the the British did this with the Indians if you go to Sandhurst
today and not Sandhurst, yeah Sandhurst.
Is that right?
The military? Yeah, the military kind of centers. You go to the
passageways. You see many the glasswork and everything. It's all
Indian. It's all see boys and all these Indian commanders and all
that was like amazed because they played a huge role in the British
army. They were used by the British to do their work. So
within 100 years, the British had control the entire Indian
subcontinent, Myanmar, and even briefly, Afghanistan.
And I can't go into the history. This is the history on its own of
how the Muslims and the Hindus worked together on many on many
occasions. Eventually, they had to come together on certain
occasions, to try to get rid of the British because the British
eventually became very crazy. After the revolt, there was a
revolt, right. And there's many stories about how that came about.
On one occasion, they had introduced this new rifle called
the Enfield rifle, which is much more powerful. And the cartridge
in there was coated. So that to protect it from the dryness, and
this ruler went around that what you had to do with the cartridge,
the army, the people who were using the rifles, they had to use
the teeth to tear off the covering. And this rumor went
around that that's made of either pork, or cow grease or fat. That
was, I mean, they were already been looked down upon and
humiliated and disgraced and insulted and everything. And they
just started a mutiny. They started a revolt after this. But
the there wasn't much success. They were not very organized and
so on. So eventually, the British really clamped down, they killed
many, many people. Among them, the majority probably were the
Muslims, because the orlimar they were standing up for this 1000s of
other monks. According to one of the historians, he says that from
the Chandy choke of Delhi, to the Jama Masjid, not a tree was
without the hanging corpse of a scholar, massive, massive trenches
would be opened up and said, You need to say and Allah will be
brought and say that you need to say you're not against the British
or you're not part of the freedom movement. If you don't, you get
killed 1000 madrasahs in India, in Delhi alone, were wiped out 1000
madrasahs in in Delhi alone were wiped out. That's the whole reason
why eventually, the squatter said big. And then they had the
Christian missionaries come in, and they started conversion. They
were not Christians in India before they started conversions on
mass. Now they're all mothers, when they sat down, they decided
we need to do something about it. So that's why they chose duben At
that time to start the madrasah. So there were many movements, that
wasn't the only madrasa they started one there six months, 18,
sarnafil, Moradabad, and about five other places, but the woman
became the most well known because they were the most politically
active, otherwise sat on board had the greatest scholars at the time
more people from outside the country would come to southern
border study, but Durban became because they were part of the
freedom movement, there are more so part of the freedom movement of
activists, right.
So, the British, they took a lot of the, you know, that the wealth
of the country, and they cause them to kill each other. And then
eventually, the whole state breaks up. And then eventually India is
split into eastern West Pakistan, and then Bangladesh, and you know,
all of these other countries that may be for another time, but what
I want to finish with today is the Muslim contributions to India in
the 700 to 1000 years of rule of some of all of India, this is very
important. So this is what the Muslims have provided, number one,
the oneness of God, or the oneness of the supreme god, Hindus believe
in multiple deities, but the one thing that the Muslims have had an
influence on the Hindus is that even the Hindus believe in one
Hooda. They talked about the high one, they might have other
identities, but they still have this very reinforced belief that
one is the highest, right? It's still shared with all others, in
whatever form it is. But at least that was really and this is by the
km Panikkar. He's discussed this, that Muslims helped the Hindus
focus on the one supreme god among all the other deities, right.
Number two, equality that was a message brought by the Muslims and
I have already mentioned, this is something that even Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the leaders of India later, he talked
about the equality principle, that's definitely something that
the Muslims had had an impact on the Indian society, right, because
of through the caste system and so on. Then I've already mentioned to
you how they used to go to Buddhism escaped to Buddhism
first, then they started coming to Islam after that. Number three,
the rights of women. Can you believe in the rights of women and
what was that the Hindus have? It's a historical issue, and I
don't think it happens much anymore is called SETI. Right or
SETI? You know, what is it with a dash d the willow is is Sati Sati
sati. I've seen both spellings. Sati. So that was that a widow on
her husband's death would literally be
herself alive on the top of the funeral on the funeral pyre,
right. That was now one thing is many of the Muslim leaders moguls
and others they would not encroach on the religion, they would not
try to get involved in it. However, on this particular issue,
they will try to discourage people, they will discourage that
we will, why you're doing this and so on. So, according to many
historians, for example, Dr. Bernier, in his travels in the
Mughal Empire said that it has decreased a lot because of the
Muslims.
Okay, good. Five minutes. That's all I need. Number four,
recording history until the Muslims came Hinduism is been
there for centuries before but until the Muslim came came, there
was no history of India, except what was found in the Ramayana,
and, you know, the Gita, their religious books, the bit of
historical incidents in there, there was no proper books on
history, no record record of history, Muslims have always loved
history, you know,
the various things about Hadith and everything that gave rise to
history in every sense, that's actually allowed now, for a lot of
the record of Indian history to be written, that's another Muslim
influence. And number five would be upgrade of civilization. Right?
The barber, the first ruler who had come from Ferghana and took
over, he, he's got his memoirs. Very interesting. He speaks about
how there's no good horses in India. Not only these guys came
from the steps, right, where they're horseback, they're doing
everything. No good horses, no good meat. And believe me, the
Uzbeks. You know, the they love their meat. Subhanallah been
there. They just love their meat. No good grapes. No good melons, no
ice, no cold water. Not many schools. Even the candles are
primitive. He actually describes how what kind of lamps they used
to use, right? I couldn't understand it fully. But he said,
cleanliness in general, and no good clothing. They just got on
like one rap or something like that. That's what he said. Nehru
tries to defend some of this and explain why. He says basically,
because of all of these incursions, especially north India
said the South Indians were faring better at that time, this talking
about North India is probably because they had so much chaos,
that they literally stunted their creativity, Allahu Allah. Right?
We could definitely say that about some of our Muslim countries,
they're on the defensive, so they just can't produce much, which is
a problem, right? The moguls they really develop the fruits of the
country. They really a lot of the orchards and the fruits and the
farming was really pushed by the Mongols. Sultan, Mabu Dibner,
Mohammed Shah, Gujarati is mentioned. Right? He's known as
Muhammad Megara. Right? He had a lot of messages, madrasahs lodges
for travelers, orchards, rivers, and lots of other buildings. So
irrigation, canals and so on. And of course, the architecture. The
Taj Mahal is generally what's what's shown. And it's not
dischargeable there's lots of buildings around the country,
right? Unfortunately, a lot of them aren't looked after now as
well as they should be. It's a heritage that they have that they
don't really look at is some people don't actually take down
the Taj Mahal as well, unfortunately. But Taj Mahal is
amazing. And I've been there, but I was told by one of the sheiks of
the local madressa, that he was given a tour of that place by
somebody who really knew the Taj Mahal. We saw the whole thing in
about one and a half hours, you can do it in one hour. But he said
that he was given of that and the depth and the and the red forts of
that he says, by half day from morning time to half day we'd only
reached kind of halfway because everything is symbolic. Why a
certain verses mentioned on a certain arch. There's reason
behind all of that. And again, you know, we can't get the zooming all
the time here because we don't have the time.
Many roads and motorways were created in India by the Muslim
rulers. One of the most well known ones was laid down by Cher Sher
Shah Suri, and that is the one that stretches and you guys from
Bangladesh are gonna have to help me out from Sundar gang in
Bangladesh where is that what is that what you call it?
is close to Dhaka Sunako Is that how you say it is a Shannara go
okay, but it's a probably should not go right in Bangladesh to the
NI lab in Sindh in Pakistan. You know how long that is 4832
kilometres for us 3002 miles long
for some time and that used to be the that's probably why they
started there because you know, well was the capital. I still need
to visit Bangladesh I need to go to Hobby guns. I need to go to
glove guns and I need to go to juggernaut full right and
inshallah very soon you
Okay, let me not get you guys excited, right, because I've got
one minute left anyway. Now that was the road Okay, 3000 Mile Road.
But you know what's more interesting, there was a
Travelodge not the Travelodge of today, there was a travel Lodge,
and Mustafa Khanna every three kilometres. And each of them had,
this is what the history says, I'm not going to check it out large
pots of
a large dig a large pot for Muslims, and one for Hindus, a
masjid and a postal system with two horses on the ready to go from
one stage to the next. So an amazing system that all created
all of that the Muslim have come in and they stayed there, and they
develop the country. They didn't come there from outside and take
away the riches all of them came to stay there. Right? If you look
at a lot of the reviews today, they say that they came in
plundered and where did they go? They stayed in India, they died in
India, right? They died in India, they develop the country, they
made it their home, and they made it what it was, right. There's no
way that you can, unfortunately, when you look online, I was
checking. And when you look at, you know, because of the current
scene and so on, they tried to discredit, they're trying to
rewrite the history of this. But there you go, that's basically a
snapshot really, you know, that's really just a snapshot. There's
just so much more that we can discuss. May Allah subhanaw taala
bring about goodness and ascendancy and especially for the
believers in the Muslims, may Allah, may Allah bring back
goodness there, and stability there, and peace there. And for
all of this a lot of the time, they will live in a lot of peace.
May Allah bring that back here with that one and your
hamdulillahi rabbil Alameen. The point of a lecture is to encourage
people to act to get further an inspiration and encouragement,
persuasion. The next step is to actually start learning seriously
to read books to take on a subject of Islam and to understand all the
subjects of Islam at least at the basic level, so that we can become
more aware of what our deen wants from us. And that's why we started
Rayyan courses so that you can actually take organize lectures on
demand whenever you have free time, especially for example, the
Islamic essentials course that we have on the exam essential
certificate which you take 20 Short modules and at the end of
that inshallah you will have gotten the basics of most of the
most important topics in Islam and you'll feel a lot more confident.
You don't have to leave lectures behind you can continue to live.
You need to listen to lectures, but you need to have this more
sustained study as well as local law here and Salam aleikum wa
rahmatullah wa barakato.