Hamzah Wald Maqbul – 16 Ramadan 1441 Late Night Majlis Ghazali And The Corruption Of Scholarship Addison 05092020

Hamzah Wald Maqbul
AI: Summary ©
The speakers discuss the differences between the age of Jesus and the age of the people of the United States. The younger generation has a fixed mindset, while the older generation has a different approach to life. The importance of learning and being a genius for achieving success in business and corporate life is emphasized. The religious Hospitals in the Middle East have become dumb and weak, and the worldly temptations have made them dumb. The importance of spreading religious knowledge and not being a beforehand player is emphasized, as it is the most important and most effective way to shape a child's life and shape a child's future. The use of words like "we" and "we" in the Quran and the misuse of words like "t]" and "twist" in the title of deeds and deeds is also discussed.
AI: Transcript ©
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On this, 16th night

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of Ramadan,

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after we have crossed

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the halfway mark,

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We ask Allah

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to make us from the and those who

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are freed from the hellfire in this Mubarak

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night and in this Mubarak month. And we

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ask Allah

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to give us Baraka and what's left and

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to forgive us for having wasted what's passed,

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in order to,

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get what we need in order to make

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it on the day of judgment. So we

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continue with our

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reading of,

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Mawlana Sayid Abu Hasan al Nadawi,

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and his saviors of the Islamic spirit,

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speaking about

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Imam and his life's work and his life's,

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achievement

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and, his life's

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story.

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So we read the chapter,

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sorry, the section regarding his

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his his,

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ideas and his

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rectification

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for

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the religious preceptors of his age.

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And this is something it's important to understand

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in context.

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Ghazali

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was writing for

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the reform rectification

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and,

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renewal

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of the the class of the.

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Many people, I guess, will hear things like

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this and take it out of context.

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When people are critiquing the ulema, there are

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2 types. 1 is a critique that's based

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on knowledge with the

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with the intention

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of reform

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and with the intention of rectification.

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Whereas some people just hate the olema and

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just wanna take potshots at them.

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And, you know, those those latter type of

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people, I I think it's such a severe

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aqida flaw. I don't think it's a

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an exaggeration to say that that's kufr.

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If a person were to think about where

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it comes from and what it means,

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although we don't, make takfir of people based

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on their stupidity.

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But, it's something that's really tantamount to Kufr.

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Whereas Ghazali

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reward him and increase his rank,

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and tell yawmukiyama he he was concerned

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with rectifying what was broken and what was

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dysfunctional with the with the the the class

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of pea the people of knowledge and the

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ummah,

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so that they could they could, again and,

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forevermore,

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fulfill their

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their proper,

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mandated role by the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa

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sallam to be his representative in the ummah.

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Ghazali held the religious doctors, the ulema, responsible

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for the all around religious and moral degeneration

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of the Muslim people.

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To him,

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religious doctors were the salt of the earth.

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If they were astray, nothing could keep the

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people on the right path. An Arab poet

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had expressed the same idea in these words.

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Oh, teachers of faith, you are the salt

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of the earth. If the salt gets contaminated,

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what is there to purify it again?

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It's quoted in

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the

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uhia. Complaining that the prevailing widespread vices,

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were accountable to the negligence of religious teachers,

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Ghazali writes,

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the third reason which really constitutes an incurable

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disease is that the patients there are but

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no physician

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is available for their treatment.

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The ulama are the physicians, but these days,

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they are themselves confined to the sick bed

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and unable to cure others.

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The same reason has been attributed by Ghazal

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I Rahim

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for the waywardness of rulers and kings.

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He writes, in short, the debasement of the

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people proceeds from the corruption of their rulers

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who get perverted on account of the demoralization

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of the scholars.

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Had there been no see, self seeking Qadis,

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and religious scholars, the rulers would not have

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been so depraved,

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for in that case, they would have been

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mindful of the warnings of the ulama.

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And this is something, you know, this is

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something important to note which is one of

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the very salient differences between that age and

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this age is that in those days, people

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who had amassed great amounts of religious learning,

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like Ghazali himself,

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could really make it to a very,

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high position,

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in the dunya, in the material world and

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could be really materially successful.

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Whereas, nowadays,

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you know, it's less relevant how

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how

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rectified

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the the the

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the the ulama are aren't. You could be

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qualified to be a great and a great

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judge, but, you know, they won't even give

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you a a job at the post office

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nowadays because the Sharia has become

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something that, a great

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number of people have kinda thrown behind their

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backs to the point where even the Masjid

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imams themselves, cannot,

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convince their own Masjid boards, about basic things

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with regards to the deen.

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And so it's a little bit different nowadays

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than it was back then. Back then and

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this is one of the it's a glad

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tidying actually for, you know, the the students

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of knowledge, which is back then,

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your,

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knowledge was a fitna because if you were

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successful in it,

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the dunya would open its doors to you,

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which is a great tribulation. It it brings

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in a lot of insincere people into this

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line. Whereas nowadays,

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anyone with 2 brain cells knows that

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most people who,

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amass great amounts of proper learning,

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they're not really gonna go anywhere. The most

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a person can make out of the deen

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is is some sort of like a huckster

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showman type preacher,

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and that doesn't really require all that much

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knowledge. It just requires kind of some sort

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of PR and marketing,

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basic savviness and sense and, the ability to

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hustle a couple of words. Words. Really a

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person who has the ability to be a

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genius, a legal genius will be far better

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served in making money by becoming a businessman

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or a doctor or, you know, in the

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corporate world or or whatever.

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And so I guess that there's a silver

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lining in the sense that the learning is

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not as much of a fitna anymore as

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it was back in the day.

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That being said, still even in this day

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if a scholar of Deen is corrupt in

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his morals

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intention, it is a fitna for people,

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albeit,

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one way or the other, it doesn't seem

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to have as much influence as it did

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back in those days.

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The neglect,

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of the then olamah to enjoin the right

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and forbid the wrong as the, olamah of

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old used to do was severely criticized by

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Ghazali.

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He deplored the timidness of the religious teachers

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of his time who were not courageous enough

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to uphold what was right in the face

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of kings,

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because they had been infected with the love

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of wealth, power, and honor.

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After citing numerous instances where the olema had

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fearlessly stood against the injustice of powerful despots

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and tyrannical rulers, he says in his Iliya,

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this is how the learned enjoined the right

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and forbade the wrong. They did not care

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at all for the pomp and glory of

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kings, for they used to put their trust

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in Allah alone and were confident that he

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would protect them. They were ever willing to

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lay down their lives for the sake of

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a righteous cause if Allah so desired.

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Whatever they said was taken to heart for

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their intentions were pure. Their immaculate sincerity molded

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even the hard hearted brutes.

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But now the earthly temptations have made them

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dumb. And even if they speak out, it

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has no effect because they lack sincerity.

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They can be effective even now if they

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cultivate selflessness,

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detachment, and earnestness.

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People have become depraved because of their rulers

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and their rulers, because of the ulama who

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have been demoralized on account of their love

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of wealth, power, and honor.

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One who has been, infected by worldly temptations

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cannot admonish even the lowly and the poor,

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much less the elites and kings.

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Mulana continues, most of the religious scholars of

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his day, as Ghazali pointed out, had given

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themselves up to hair splitting

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hair splitting juristic issues and

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the,

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cavealing of real or imaginary problems

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in social gatherings,

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and religious meetings, royal courts, and scholar scholarly

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seminars,

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special contentions of a juridic nature or juristic

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nature had come to be regarded as an

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inevitable intellectual diversion.

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It had, become such a rage in those

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times

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that in their craze to arm themselves

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for a knockout victory in debates and disputations,

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the scholars were neglecting all other branches of

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learning, including even the religious sciences,

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the knowledge necessary for spiritual and moral rectitude

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or for the preparation,

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of this life in the hereafter.

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Ghazali protests against the state of affairs in

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his uhia in these words.

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If any scholar jurist is asked about the

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virtues and vices like patience,

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and thankfulness,

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fear and awe, envy and malice, hypocrisy and

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deception, contentment and earnestness, or how to avoid

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hankering after the praise and respect of others.

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He would not be able to give any

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answer although he ought to know these as

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a preparation for,

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the life of the world to come.

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That preparation depends on them. On the other

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hand, if you ask him about Lian

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Vihar,

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Saba Por Rami,

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he will be able to give out a

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detailed description. Lian is the imprecation of a

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husband and wife. Vihar is a kind of

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a bogus type of divorce from, the time

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of Jahili. Anyway, these are all, these are

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all, like, legal

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legal issues. He said, he will be able

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to give out a detailed description of each,

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although one seldom comes across these issues. And

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if anyone does need a juridic opinion or

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juristic opinion on these matters, he can easily

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obtain it in every town. These scholars thus

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devote their entire time and energy in learning

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and teaching the details of similar insignificant issues,

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but remain oblivious of the knowledge essential for

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a religious teacher.

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Now I I'd like to just

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add here, like, you know, they're not insignificant

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in the sense that they're mentioned in the

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Quran and they're they're their issues

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of their issues that are part of the

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deen, their learning and teaching is

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is definitely, you know, something that that that's

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an act of piety. But the problem is

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what? Is that everything in its place, if

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a person knows these issues in great detail

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because, you know, becoming a or judge is,

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predicated on them. But like Ghazali mentions that

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the person barely has a thing to say

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about, you know, saber and sugar and, hoaf

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and raja and all these other cardinal virtues

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that are really

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far the aim on every person to know

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about,

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then something like Imam Ghazali

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points out something has gone like really horribly

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wrong.

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It's gone really horribly wrong. May Allah

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protect us.

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But those are issues of that era because

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the thing is if you were

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a master of FIP, then you you could

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be appointed to the judgeship or you could

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be an adjunct to a judge and be

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in line for the judgeship. The judgeship is

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a very politically powerful position.

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The Qadi of any land is essentially the

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second,

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most powerful person in that in those days

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in that land to the sultan himself.

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And in many ways, even more powerful than

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the sultan because the sultan comes into office

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by the sword and is deposed by the

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sword whereas the qadi is a scholar of

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deen and so people recognize,

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them and take their word a lot more

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seriously and are a lot less skeptical about

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it. And so people, you know, people would

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study deen in order to become the and,

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that's, you know, then they would, like, concentrate

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on these other things.

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Not for the sake of Allah but for

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the sake of the judgeship. And that's, I

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think, more what what, Imam Ghazali is kinda

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getting at is that those types of scholars,

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maybe an analog to something like that nowadays

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is somebody who is, you know, trying to

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become imam of a particular must do or

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trying to get like a certain number of

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YouTube followers so they'll learn, you know, just

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enough I as in hadith to like give

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a good ba'an. But you know, if you

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ask them about some other matter of deen,

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that's not gonna make them like super popular

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on the speaker circuit or whatever. They're they're

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they're they're completely gonna draw a blank

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or make a fool out of themselves.

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If the scholars are ever asked about it,

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the reply is that they are engaged in

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acquiring religious knowledge, which constitutes a communal obligation

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and joined by the Sharia. But they are

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really keeping their own selves in the dark

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and deceiving others. For, as everybody knows, he

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who wants to acquit himself of a communal

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obligation

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should first discharge the obligations enjoined on him

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personally.

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You know, and and one of the one

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of those obligations is that every person is

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obliged to have their own done.

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The the rectification of their own nafs done.

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They should take some time

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whether through, formal means or through,

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informal means. They should take some time for

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the of Allah and to reflect over themselves

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and to, you ask the people of knowledge

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to, help them,

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bring about rectification whether, again, it's from the

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formal machinery of the tariqa and from a

00:13:31 --> 00:13:33

sheikh or if a person, you know, has

00:13:33 --> 00:13:35

means to that rectification or access to that

00:13:35 --> 00:13:37

rectification without going through the formal means,

00:13:38 --> 00:13:40

because of their relationship with somebody who has

00:13:40 --> 00:13:41

that rectification

00:13:41 --> 00:13:42

inside of them already,

00:13:43 --> 00:13:44

or through,

00:13:45 --> 00:13:48

you know, you know, through some other method.

00:13:48 --> 00:13:50

Everyone is required to do that. The problem

00:13:50 --> 00:13:52

is what is you got people that,

00:13:53 --> 00:13:53

you know,

00:13:54 --> 00:13:57

may even learn about certain particulars in the

00:13:57 --> 00:13:58

deen but they've never,

00:13:58 --> 00:14:01

sat to examine themselves or to fix themselves

00:14:02 --> 00:14:04

in terms of their holistic practice of the

00:14:04 --> 00:14:06

deen and, they'll go out and, you know,

00:14:06 --> 00:14:09

give some really impassioned plea about, you know,

00:14:09 --> 00:14:12

some, topic with regards to a social issue,

00:14:12 --> 00:14:14

or with regards to a legal issue, or

00:14:14 --> 00:14:16

with regards to a creed issue, or with

00:14:16 --> 00:14:18

regards to a political issue for that matter.

00:14:19 --> 00:14:19

And,

00:14:20 --> 00:14:22

but their own, like, actual practice of the

00:14:22 --> 00:14:22

deen,

00:14:22 --> 00:14:23

as

00:14:23 --> 00:14:25

as far as them as a person is

00:14:25 --> 00:14:26

concerned, is completely in shambles.

00:14:27 --> 00:14:29

They are really keeping their own selves in

00:14:29 --> 00:14:31

the dark and deceiving others. For as everyone

00:14:31 --> 00:14:33

knows, he who wants to acquit himself of

00:14:33 --> 00:14:35

a communal obligation should first

00:14:35 --> 00:14:38

discharge the obligations enjoined upon him personally. That

00:14:38 --> 00:14:39

before you can help anyone else, you have

00:14:39 --> 00:14:41

to fix your own dean up first.

00:14:42 --> 00:14:44

Also, there are many other communal obligations which

00:14:44 --> 00:14:47

claim a preference. As for example, we have

00:14:47 --> 00:14:49

many non muslim physicians in a city whose

00:14:49 --> 00:14:52

evidence is not, acceptable under the Sharia in

00:14:52 --> 00:14:54

religious matters requiring,

00:14:54 --> 00:14:56

medical opinion but we do not find any

00:14:56 --> 00:14:57

scholars

00:14:59 --> 00:15:01

turning to the study of medicine.

00:15:02 --> 00:15:05

Students overcrowd the classrooms of the sciences pertaining

00:15:05 --> 00:15:08

to jurisprudence, logic, and dialectics. Although there are

00:15:08 --> 00:15:10

hundreds of jurisconsults who, meaning muftis, who are

00:15:10 --> 00:15:12

ever willing to let,

00:15:12 --> 00:15:14

one have their legal opinion.

00:15:14 --> 00:15:16

I fail to understand how these scholars can

00:15:16 --> 00:15:18

defend their engagement in a communal obligation

00:15:19 --> 00:15:21

which is already being performed by numerous olamah

00:15:21 --> 00:15:24

while disregarding another obligation which is not being

00:15:24 --> 00:15:25

attended by anybody.

00:15:26 --> 00:15:28

Is there any reason for it except for

00:15:28 --> 00:15:30

the study of medicine cannot help them secure

00:15:30 --> 00:15:32

a trusteeship of a charitable

00:15:32 --> 00:15:35

trust, enforcement of wills, guardianship of orphans,

00:15:35 --> 00:15:38

and management of their property, appointment to posts

00:15:38 --> 00:15:40

of judges, and official jurists,

00:15:40 --> 00:15:43

respect and honor in governmental circles or precedence

00:15:43 --> 00:15:45

over their compatriots friends and foes,

00:15:46 --> 00:15:47

which is really ironic.

00:15:49 --> 00:15:51

Ghazali is chewing out the people for for

00:15:51 --> 00:15:53

the ulama for not studying medicine even though

00:15:53 --> 00:15:55

there are so many medical issues that require

00:15:55 --> 00:15:57

a person of knowledge, you know, to

00:15:57 --> 00:15:59

be able to give fatwaq in someone fast

00:15:59 --> 00:16:02

or not fast, in a certain situation or,

00:16:02 --> 00:16:04

you know, a pregnant woman or a woman

00:16:04 --> 00:16:05

who's breastfeeding

00:16:05 --> 00:16:06

and like, you

00:16:07 --> 00:16:09

know, those types of things that require people

00:16:09 --> 00:16:11

to know both medicine and and ilm. But

00:16:11 --> 00:16:13

because they're not gonna get you appointed, oddly,

00:16:13 --> 00:16:15

nobody wants to study it.

00:16:15 --> 00:16:18

Whereas nowadays, it's obviously the opposite where everybody

00:16:18 --> 00:16:19

is trying, you know, trying to push each

00:16:19 --> 00:16:21

other back and force their own way into

00:16:21 --> 00:16:24

medical school. And these other branches of the

00:16:24 --> 00:16:26

Ullum are completely neglected,

00:16:27 --> 00:16:29

because they don't pay money and they don't

00:16:29 --> 00:16:30

get you a fat salary.

00:16:31 --> 00:16:32

And you know,

00:16:33 --> 00:16:34

sometimes the movies, they pick on doctors a

00:16:34 --> 00:16:36

lot and there's some reason for that. I

00:16:36 --> 00:16:37

don't think it's completely

00:16:38 --> 00:16:39

a vain pursuit.

00:16:39 --> 00:16:40

But

00:16:40 --> 00:16:42

at the same time, we I I do

00:16:42 --> 00:16:44

know some doctors who literally, you know, they

00:16:44 --> 00:16:45

they use their knowledge,

00:16:46 --> 00:16:48

in order to treat the sick without actually,

00:16:48 --> 00:16:49

seeking

00:16:50 --> 00:16:51

worldly benefit,

00:16:51 --> 00:16:53

in in in the disgusting way that some

00:16:53 --> 00:16:54

do. And,

00:16:55 --> 00:16:57

and, you know, in this corona,

00:16:57 --> 00:16:58

whatever epidemic,

00:16:59 --> 00:17:00

some of them really are putting themselves in

00:17:00 --> 00:17:02

harm's way in order to help others. And

00:17:02 --> 00:17:03

some of them have already laid down their

00:17:03 --> 00:17:04

lives,

00:17:04 --> 00:17:06

in order to do so. So we we

00:17:06 --> 00:17:08

we congratulate them and we honor them. But,

00:17:09 --> 00:17:11

in general, it is ironic that he mentions

00:17:11 --> 00:17:13

this. Why? Because in those days, being a

00:17:13 --> 00:17:15

doctor didn't pay anything, so nobody wanted to

00:17:15 --> 00:17:15

be one.

00:17:16 --> 00:17:18

In another place in the Heia, he writes,

00:17:18 --> 00:17:20

there is not a town in which several

00:17:20 --> 00:17:22

matters do not assume the position of joint

00:17:22 --> 00:17:23

or communal obligations.

00:17:24 --> 00:17:26

But there's none to look after these, nor

00:17:26 --> 00:17:29

any scholar who pays any heed to them.

00:17:29 --> 00:17:31

Take for instance the study of medicine. There

00:17:31 --> 00:17:32

are a number of towns in which there

00:17:32 --> 00:17:35

is no practicing physician whose evidence is admissible

00:17:35 --> 00:17:36

in law.

00:17:36 --> 00:17:37

But the scholars,

00:17:38 --> 00:17:40

still lack all interest in this profession.

00:17:40 --> 00:17:44

Similar is the case, with the obligation incumbent

00:17:44 --> 00:17:45

on all Muslims to enjoin the right and

00:17:45 --> 00:17:48

forbid the evil, which is being overlooked by

00:17:48 --> 00:17:49

everybody.

00:17:49 --> 00:17:50

Ghazali,

00:17:50 --> 00:17:52

Moana continues, laments over,

00:17:53 --> 00:17:57

the lack of interest in and apathy of

00:17:57 --> 00:17:59

the people toward the tenets of faith

00:17:59 --> 00:18:02

and calls attention toward the need of spreading

00:18:02 --> 00:18:05

literacy and disseminating knowledge of religion,

00:18:06 --> 00:18:08

which is important. Right? Teaching people alifbatatha,

00:18:09 --> 00:18:10

even to this day, is not gonna, you

00:18:10 --> 00:18:12

know, make you a ton of money, nor

00:18:12 --> 00:18:14

is it gonna make you loved by anybody.

00:18:14 --> 00:18:16

But in many ways, you know, being a

00:18:16 --> 00:18:17

Quran is

00:18:17 --> 00:18:20

literally the most, like, the most important and

00:18:20 --> 00:18:21

the most effective

00:18:21 --> 00:18:22

thing you can do to,

00:18:23 --> 00:18:24

you know,

00:18:26 --> 00:18:28

shape a child's life and shape a child's

00:18:28 --> 00:18:28

future,

00:18:29 --> 00:18:31

spiritually for the better. You're probably the Quran

00:18:31 --> 00:18:33

teacher who teaches and

00:18:36 --> 00:18:37

the kid probably will,

00:18:38 --> 00:18:40

receive more reward with Allah and actually do

00:18:40 --> 00:18:43

more to actually bring this person onto the

00:18:43 --> 00:18:45

deen than their murshid or their sheikh will.

00:18:45 --> 00:18:47

But, because there's no glamour or glory in

00:18:47 --> 00:18:49

it, nobody wants to do it.

00:18:51 --> 00:18:53

After emphasizing the paramount need for spreading religious

00:18:53 --> 00:18:54

knowledge, he continues.

00:18:55 --> 00:18:57

For anyone who is solicitous of his religion,

00:18:58 --> 00:18:59

the teaching and spreading

00:19:00 --> 00:19:02

the knowledge of the faith which is a

00:19:02 --> 00:19:06

joint obligation is such is a such serious

00:19:06 --> 00:19:08

occupation that it would not permit him to

00:19:08 --> 00:19:08

go

00:19:08 --> 00:19:11

into unnecessary juristic details and waste his time

00:19:11 --> 00:19:14

in any scholastic hair splitting or similar trivialities.

00:19:15 --> 00:19:16

Ghazali,

00:19:17 --> 00:19:20

explained why the wrangling over disputed issues had

00:19:20 --> 00:19:23

come to assume such an importance amongst the

00:19:23 --> 00:19:26

pedagogues, meaning the teachers of his time, who

00:19:26 --> 00:19:28

in due course had began to devote their

00:19:28 --> 00:19:31

time and energy to those fruitless quibblings.

00:19:32 --> 00:19:34

Tracing the history of these vain disputations, he

00:19:34 --> 00:19:37

writes, the caliphs, the khalifas,

00:19:37 --> 00:19:39

succeeding the prophet of Islam

00:19:40 --> 00:19:41

were scholars and jurists,

00:19:42 --> 00:19:44

competent to give juristic opinions in all matters,

00:19:44 --> 00:19:47

and they seldom required the help of other

00:19:47 --> 00:19:49

companions of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam

00:19:49 --> 00:19:51

in this task. The learned amongst the companions

00:19:51 --> 00:19:55

therefore occupied themselves with studies and, orishans

00:19:55 --> 00:19:56

leading to salvation

00:19:57 --> 00:19:59

in the world to come. If they were

00:19:59 --> 00:20:01

ever asked for any legal opinion, they would

00:20:01 --> 00:20:03

refer to the question refer the question to

00:20:03 --> 00:20:05

another jurist and remain absorbed in the recollection

00:20:05 --> 00:20:06

of Allah.

00:20:07 --> 00:20:08

Numerous instances

00:20:08 --> 00:20:10

of this kind have been preserved by the

00:20:10 --> 00:20:11

analysts.

00:20:11 --> 00:20:12

Thereafter,

00:20:12 --> 00:20:15

undeserving and incompetent persons came to preside over

00:20:15 --> 00:20:16

the Islamic commonwealth.

00:20:17 --> 00:20:19

They were also incompetent to give legal opinions

00:20:19 --> 00:20:22

or settle the disputes of the people. Therefore,

00:20:22 --> 00:20:22

they had

00:20:23 --> 00:20:27

of necessity to depend on muftis and, and,

00:20:27 --> 00:20:29

muftis in the administration of justice.

00:20:30 --> 00:20:32

The scholars amongst the descendants of the companions

00:20:32 --> 00:20:34

of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam

00:20:34 --> 00:20:36

generally followed in the footsteps of the scholars

00:20:36 --> 00:20:37

of old.

00:20:37 --> 00:20:38

They were

00:20:39 --> 00:20:41

aware of the true content of the contents

00:20:41 --> 00:20:43

of the faith, were selfless and detached, and

00:20:43 --> 00:20:45

hence, they avoided the company of rulers and

00:20:45 --> 00:20:46

kings.

00:20:46 --> 00:20:49

The Banu Umayyah and Banu Abbas in their

00:20:49 --> 00:20:50

caliphs had to look around

00:20:51 --> 00:20:53

for them and implore them to accept the

00:20:53 --> 00:20:56

office of of Muftis and Qadis, of judges

00:20:56 --> 00:20:57

and and jurists.

00:20:57 --> 00:20:59

The plebeian masses of the time,

00:21:00 --> 00:21:00

who witnessed,

00:21:01 --> 00:21:02

who witnessed the solicitation

00:21:03 --> 00:21:06

of the kings and disdainful indifference of the

00:21:06 --> 00:21:08

devout scholars and jurists thought that the study

00:21:08 --> 00:21:10

of juristic science was the easiest way to

00:21:10 --> 00:21:11

acquire riches and honors

00:21:12 --> 00:21:14

as well as to gain access into the

00:21:14 --> 00:21:15

entourage of nobility.

00:21:15 --> 00:21:17

These elements therefore themselves applied,

00:21:18 --> 00:21:21

for the governmental offices and maneuver to win

00:21:21 --> 00:21:24

the favor of rulers and administrators in hope

00:21:24 --> 00:21:25

of achieving worldly success.

00:21:26 --> 00:21:28

Some of them gained their end while others

00:21:28 --> 00:21:30

licked the dust, but even those who did

00:21:30 --> 00:21:32

succeed had to humble themselves

00:21:33 --> 00:21:34

by applying for these offices.

00:21:34 --> 00:21:37

They had come down from the exalted place

00:21:37 --> 00:21:39

of scholars to that of plebeians.

00:21:39 --> 00:21:41

Another result of it was that the scholars

00:21:41 --> 00:21:43

who were earlier implored to accept these offices

00:21:43 --> 00:21:46

began to themselves offer themselves as candidates.

00:21:46 --> 00:21:49

Earlier, they were honored for their selfless detachment

00:21:49 --> 00:21:51

from the ruling circles, but now they lost

00:21:51 --> 00:21:53

their respect by becoming the henchmen of kings

00:21:53 --> 00:21:55

and rulers. A few scholars, however, were an

00:21:55 --> 00:21:57

exception to this in every age.

00:22:02 --> 00:22:06

The analogical deductions drawn up on legal or

00:22:06 --> 00:22:08

theoretical questions in accordance with the principles

00:22:09 --> 00:22:10

of jurisprudence

00:22:10 --> 00:22:12

and the teaching of the Sharia were needed

00:22:12 --> 00:22:14

primarily to meet

00:22:14 --> 00:22:15

the requirements of administration

00:22:16 --> 00:22:18

and justice during the earlier times.

00:22:19 --> 00:22:21

In due course, however, the nobles and administrators

00:22:21 --> 00:22:22

too cultivated

00:22:23 --> 00:22:25

an interest in these matters and they began

00:22:25 --> 00:22:27

to encourage the scholars to discuss the issues

00:22:27 --> 00:22:27

in their presence.

00:22:28 --> 00:22:30

In view of the interest taken by the

00:22:30 --> 00:22:32

nobility in these discussions, people began to devote

00:22:32 --> 00:22:34

themselves to the study of dialectics.

00:22:34 --> 00:22:35

Numerous treaties became,

00:22:36 --> 00:22:36

become

00:22:37 --> 00:22:38

numerous treatises,

00:22:38 --> 00:22:39

came to be

00:22:40 --> 00:22:41

written on the science of disputation.

00:22:42 --> 00:22:44

Rules were involved for these debates, and gradually,

00:22:44 --> 00:22:46

the wranglings, were turned into an art of

00:22:46 --> 00:22:47

logical syllogism.

00:22:48 --> 00:22:49

These persons tried to justify their endeavors on

00:22:49 --> 00:22:49

the ground that their aim was to protect

00:22:49 --> 00:22:51

the scripture and the sunnah and deviation. Those

00:22:51 --> 00:22:55

who were earlier engaged in giving legal opinion

00:22:59 --> 00:23:01

had also made a similar claim that they

00:23:01 --> 00:23:02

intended to serve the faith

00:23:03 --> 00:23:06

and, the people by helping them settle their

00:23:06 --> 00:23:06

disputes.

00:23:07 --> 00:23:09

A few rulers and administrators of the later

00:23:09 --> 00:23:10

times undoubtedly

00:23:11 --> 00:23:13

looked upon the dialectics and disputations with disfavor,

00:23:14 --> 00:23:16

for they thought that these polemics gave rise

00:23:16 --> 00:23:19

to academic orthodoxy and quarrelsome disputes,

00:23:20 --> 00:23:21

not often even to violent,

00:23:21 --> 00:23:24

strife and bloodshed, which is unfortunately true.

00:23:24 --> 00:23:25

There are people

00:23:26 --> 00:23:29

who used to literally fight, with one another

00:23:29 --> 00:23:31

because of Madhab and these types of things.

00:23:31 --> 00:23:33

Although that's not something that we see from

00:23:33 --> 00:23:35

the the founders of the Madahib,

00:23:35 --> 00:23:37

who are that earlier

00:23:37 --> 00:23:39

generation of scholars that Ghazali is mentioning.

00:23:40 --> 00:23:42

But, the only time that the people, the

00:23:42 --> 00:23:44

madhhabs, fought with one another to the point

00:23:44 --> 00:23:47

of bloodshed or violence was when there is

00:23:47 --> 00:23:50

some dunya or a judgeship or an appointment

00:23:50 --> 00:23:51

or money involved.

00:23:52 --> 00:23:55

On the other hand, there were also nobles

00:23:55 --> 00:23:57

and chiefs desirous of finding out which of

00:23:57 --> 00:23:59

the 2 schools of Islamic jurisprudence,

00:23:59 --> 00:24:02

Hanafi or Shafi'i, was was closer to the

00:24:02 --> 00:24:05

right path. These elements encourage discussions and debates

00:24:05 --> 00:24:08

on juristic issues. The scholars belonging to their

00:24:08 --> 00:24:11

entourage accordingly put aside all the dialectic quibblings

00:24:11 --> 00:24:14

on other issues and took up controversies between

00:24:14 --> 00:24:15

these 2 juridic schools,

00:24:16 --> 00:24:19

overlooking the differences of opinion between

00:24:19 --> 00:24:22

them and other jurists like Malik bin Anas,

00:24:22 --> 00:24:24

Sofianath Thodi, Ahmed bin Hamble, and the like

00:24:24 --> 00:24:27

simply because their masters were not interested in

00:24:27 --> 00:24:30

their differences. Meaning, the kings and rulers didn't

00:24:30 --> 00:24:31

care so nobody,

00:24:31 --> 00:24:34

paid attention to those opinions even though,

00:24:34 --> 00:24:35

they were also,

00:24:36 --> 00:24:38

something that needed to be understood in order

00:24:38 --> 00:24:39

to understand the law.

00:24:40 --> 00:24:43

Laying a claim to the refinement and amplification

00:24:43 --> 00:24:46

of the corpus Juris of Islamic law and

00:24:46 --> 00:24:48

to formulation of the principles

00:24:49 --> 00:24:49

of analogical

00:24:50 --> 00:24:52

deduction. These scholars compiled innumerable

00:24:52 --> 00:24:54

dissertations on the subject,

00:24:54 --> 00:24:58

cultivated logical syllogism, and developed it into the,

00:25:05 --> 00:25:07

Uh-uh. And I don't even know what that

00:25:07 --> 00:25:08

word means.

00:25:08 --> 00:25:10

Whoever translated this book,

00:25:10 --> 00:25:11

Allah

00:25:12 --> 00:25:13

reward him.

00:25:14 --> 00:25:17

But, I believe what he means is just

00:25:17 --> 00:25:19

a rational like argumentation.

00:25:19 --> 00:25:22

They are still preoccupied with this vocation

00:25:22 --> 00:25:24

only God knows to what extent they would

00:25:24 --> 00:25:25

go.

00:25:25 --> 00:25:28

Thus, the reason for undue interest taken by

00:25:28 --> 00:25:29

the scholars in these controversies

00:25:30 --> 00:25:31

and continuous reasonings

00:25:32 --> 00:25:34

is what we have stated above. If the

00:25:34 --> 00:25:36

nobility or the powers that be were to

00:25:36 --> 00:25:39

take interest in the juristic opinions of the

00:25:39 --> 00:25:41

schools other than those of Abu Hanifa and

00:25:41 --> 00:25:41

al Shafi'i.

00:25:42 --> 00:25:44

These people would immediately start quibbling over questions

00:25:44 --> 00:25:47

relating to those schools and they would still

00:25:47 --> 00:25:49

claim that their aim is simply to acquire

00:25:49 --> 00:25:51

knowledge and to seek the pleasure of God.

00:25:53 --> 00:25:56

Malana continues, after tracing the origin of contentious

00:25:56 --> 00:25:59

debates, Al Ghazali sets forth in some detail

00:25:59 --> 00:26:00

the ill effects

00:26:00 --> 00:26:01

springing from these,

00:26:02 --> 00:26:03

from these wranglings.

00:26:04 --> 00:26:06

He also describes his own experiences,

00:26:07 --> 00:26:10

since he had himself earlier taken a keen

00:26:10 --> 00:26:11

interest in such polemics.

00:26:12 --> 00:26:12

The vocabulary

00:26:13 --> 00:26:14

employed to denote

00:26:14 --> 00:26:16

the new sciences then being cultivated was also

00:26:16 --> 00:26:18

creating a a misunderstanding.

00:26:18 --> 00:26:20

Words or phrases occurring in the Quran, the

00:26:20 --> 00:26:22

hadith of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam,

00:26:22 --> 00:26:25

or the sayings or works of his companions

00:26:25 --> 00:26:26

were being widely used for the new sciences,

00:26:34 --> 00:26:36

intricate and hypothetical details

00:26:37 --> 00:26:39

of legal questions as well as for the

00:26:39 --> 00:26:42

differences in legal opinions in regard to such

00:26:42 --> 00:26:42

issues.

00:26:43 --> 00:26:45

Was a common term employed

00:26:45 --> 00:26:47

to describe all sorts of learning religious or

00:26:47 --> 00:26:48

secular

00:26:48 --> 00:26:50

scholasticism or logical syllogism

00:26:50 --> 00:26:51

was known as

00:26:52 --> 00:26:53

Tawhid, recollection,

00:26:54 --> 00:26:56

of devotion to Allah was the name assigned

00:26:56 --> 00:26:58

for all sorts of lectures repeat with fantastic

00:26:59 --> 00:27:00

tales, while

00:27:00 --> 00:27:00

Hikma,

00:27:01 --> 00:27:04

denoted denoted occult and uncommon practices. Meaning all

00:27:04 --> 00:27:04

of these these,

00:27:06 --> 00:27:07

these,

00:27:07 --> 00:27:10

spurious definitions are not what the actual meaning

00:27:10 --> 00:27:12

of these words were when used in the

00:27:12 --> 00:27:13

Quran or in the, in the sunnah of

00:27:13 --> 00:27:15

the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam.

00:27:16 --> 00:27:19

With their indiscriminate use, the peculiar sense conveyed

00:27:19 --> 00:27:20

by these terms in the context of the

00:27:20 --> 00:27:22

Quranic text and the sunnah had come to

00:27:22 --> 00:27:24

be associated with these new sciences as well.

00:27:25 --> 00:27:26

Thus, the Quranic verse,

00:27:27 --> 00:27:29

so that they may understand religion,

00:27:29 --> 00:27:32

and the tradition that God grants understanding of

00:27:32 --> 00:27:34

religion to those who intend to be virtuous

00:27:34 --> 00:27:35

were applied

00:27:35 --> 00:27:37

to unforeseeable legal quibblings.

00:27:38 --> 00:27:39

The divine tidings,

00:27:40 --> 00:27:42

to those, quote, unquote, granted wisdom,

00:27:43 --> 00:27:44

have been indeed,

00:27:45 --> 00:27:46

granted a great favor.

00:27:49 --> 00:27:50

Was appropriated,

00:27:51 --> 00:27:53

to philosophy and scholasticism

00:27:54 --> 00:27:55

of the 5th century.

00:27:56 --> 00:27:57

And the verse of the Quran

00:28:00 --> 00:28:02

says, remember Allah,

00:28:03 --> 00:28:05

for you may be one of the devoted

00:28:05 --> 00:28:06

was employed.

00:28:07 --> 00:28:08

I'm sorry for a different this is a

00:28:08 --> 00:28:10

different ayah. The the the verse of the

00:28:10 --> 00:28:12

Quran, remember Allah,

00:28:12 --> 00:28:14

for you may be one of the devoted

00:28:19 --> 00:28:21

anyway, I don't know to be honest with

00:28:21 --> 00:28:22

you. The quote is not even here to

00:28:22 --> 00:28:24

look up the ayah but

00:28:25 --> 00:28:27

says the verse of the Quran, remember Allah,

00:28:27 --> 00:28:28

for you may be one of the devoted,

00:28:28 --> 00:28:29

was employed

00:28:29 --> 00:28:31

for the vile sermons of the ignorant and

00:28:31 --> 00:28:32

misguided preachers.

00:28:32 --> 00:28:35

Al Ghazali explained how these words were being

00:28:35 --> 00:28:37

used out of their context to mean something

00:28:37 --> 00:28:39

which these terms were never intended to convey.

00:28:40 --> 00:28:42

He traced the original meanings of these words

00:28:42 --> 00:28:44

and phrases which had not been, not only

00:28:44 --> 00:28:47

been lost owing to their misuse, but which

00:28:47 --> 00:28:50

also differed widely from the sense conveyed

00:28:50 --> 00:28:53

during his times. The analysis made by Ghazali

00:28:54 --> 00:28:55

was as much instructive

00:28:56 --> 00:28:58

as it was helpful in removing the misconceived

00:28:59 --> 00:29:02

notions created by the careless and indiscriminate use

00:29:02 --> 00:29:05

of religious terminology, which was being employed

00:29:05 --> 00:29:07

as a vehicle for the furtherance,

00:29:08 --> 00:29:09

of new sciences.

00:29:10 --> 00:29:11

So, I mean,

00:29:14 --> 00:29:16

this does happen, this does happen

00:29:18 --> 00:29:20

in the in the history of Islam. So,

00:29:20 --> 00:29:22

like, another, I guess, like, later

00:29:23 --> 00:29:26

instance of something like this happening is,

00:29:26 --> 00:29:26

like,

00:29:28 --> 00:29:31

the study of hadith is oftentimes ignored in

00:29:31 --> 00:29:33

places it was not really paid much attention

00:29:33 --> 00:29:35

to in the Indian subcontinent or really in

00:29:35 --> 00:29:36

the Ottoman lands

00:29:38 --> 00:29:40

while the state was in power. Why? Because

00:29:40 --> 00:29:43

the most learned of people would oftentimes go

00:29:43 --> 00:29:43

into studying

00:29:45 --> 00:29:45

because the,

00:29:46 --> 00:29:48

the position of the Qadi was so high,

00:29:48 --> 00:29:49

whereas being a muhaddith,

00:29:50 --> 00:29:52

is not gonna get you like a government

00:29:52 --> 00:29:52

position.

00:29:53 --> 00:29:55

And so even in the Ottoman lands,

00:29:56 --> 00:29:58

my understanding is that the sheikhul hadith,

00:29:59 --> 00:30:00

position in the madrasah,

00:30:01 --> 00:30:03

there wasn't so much wrangling for it.

00:30:04 --> 00:30:04

Why? Because

00:30:05 --> 00:30:07

the sheikhul hadith himself will neither ever become

00:30:07 --> 00:30:09

a judge nor will, his students ever become

00:30:09 --> 00:30:10

judges,

00:30:10 --> 00:30:12

and so there was not as much intense,

00:30:13 --> 00:30:15

competition for such positions. They say that,

00:30:16 --> 00:30:17

Abdul Haq al Muhadith

00:30:19 --> 00:30:20

learned

00:30:20 --> 00:30:22

hadith in a similar way to but

00:30:22 --> 00:30:24

the reason that the son of the hadith

00:30:24 --> 00:30:26

in the subcontinent doesn't go through him is

00:30:26 --> 00:30:26

because,

00:30:27 --> 00:30:29

his son was engaged as the Qadi and

00:30:29 --> 00:30:31

was unable to serve his father's uloom,

00:30:32 --> 00:30:32

whereas,

00:30:32 --> 00:30:33

Shaulayullah,

00:30:36 --> 00:30:38

during his son's life, Shaul Abdul Aziz,

00:30:39 --> 00:30:41

the government collapses, and the British are not

00:30:41 --> 00:30:43

going to hire Kabbat,

00:30:43 --> 00:30:45

judges in the same way that, the Mughals

00:30:45 --> 00:30:46

were before them.

00:30:47 --> 00:30:49

And so we see that, you know, the

00:30:49 --> 00:30:50

the the form changes,

00:30:51 --> 00:30:54

depending on the time and the place you're

00:30:54 --> 00:30:55

in, but the sickness,

00:30:56 --> 00:30:58

that lies inside the heart which is learning

00:30:58 --> 00:31:00

that knowledge that should be learned for the

00:31:00 --> 00:31:01

sake of Allah

00:31:01 --> 00:31:03

for other than the sake of Allah

00:31:03 --> 00:31:04

was what

00:31:07 --> 00:31:09

uh-uh he he he just he hits the

00:31:09 --> 00:31:11

nail on the head and it's really it's

00:31:11 --> 00:31:13

really hard hitting. It's hard. It's hard because

00:31:13 --> 00:31:15

you know, you study, you study, you study,

00:31:15 --> 00:31:17

you study and if you study just a

00:31:17 --> 00:31:18

little bit, then you can go back to

00:31:18 --> 00:31:19

your day job,

00:31:20 --> 00:31:22

and balance things out. But if you're studying

00:31:22 --> 00:31:23

and this is what you do for your

00:31:23 --> 00:31:25

whole life, you know, studying and teaching,

00:31:26 --> 00:31:28

then then, you know, you don't have anything

00:31:28 --> 00:31:29

to fall back on

00:31:29 --> 00:31:32

in terms of your dunya and that's when

00:31:32 --> 00:31:34

the temptation strikes and at that time, if

00:31:34 --> 00:31:35

a person,

00:31:35 --> 00:31:37

you know, makes the the choice to,

00:31:38 --> 00:31:41

veer towards self preservation when they go down

00:31:41 --> 00:31:44

and they debase the uloom, for the sake

00:31:44 --> 00:31:46

of the dunya for themselves, they do they

00:31:46 --> 00:31:47

do so for the entire

00:31:48 --> 00:31:49

for the entire,

00:31:49 --> 00:31:50

ummah,

00:31:50 --> 00:31:52

and so the people of knowledge should be

00:31:52 --> 00:31:55

very careful with regards to that. You know,

00:31:55 --> 00:31:57

it's not worth it's not worth selling your

00:31:57 --> 00:31:57

dean,

00:31:58 --> 00:31:59

for,

00:31:59 --> 00:32:02

you know, for just a little bit of,

00:32:03 --> 00:32:05

for just a little bit of of of

00:32:05 --> 00:32:07

because you will, do so,

00:32:07 --> 00:32:09

and you'll cause irreparable harm to

00:32:10 --> 00:32:12

many others, including the the people of, of

00:32:12 --> 00:32:14

authority as well as the lay people in

00:32:14 --> 00:32:16

the masses. Allah protect all of us.

00:32:17 --> 00:32:19

And for this reason, I think a lot

00:32:19 --> 00:32:20

of people have this idea that the Ulamar

00:32:20 --> 00:32:22

are very dogmatic and belligerent,

00:32:23 --> 00:32:24

and it's it's not that.

00:32:24 --> 00:32:25

Abu Hanifa

00:32:26 --> 00:32:27

refused to take the judgeship,

00:32:28 --> 00:32:30

and so does Imam Ahmed bin Hamble, when

00:32:30 --> 00:32:32

it was offered to them. It's not because

00:32:32 --> 00:32:35

they're contrarian people, but because they wanted to

00:32:35 --> 00:32:38

strive to extricate themselves from being put in

00:32:38 --> 00:32:39

a position where

00:32:39 --> 00:32:41

they would be put in pressure to make

00:32:41 --> 00:32:42

a a legal ruling,

00:32:43 --> 00:32:45

which is contrary to the shala of Allah

00:32:45 --> 00:32:47

and His Rasool, sallallahu alaihi wa sallam,

00:32:49 --> 00:32:51

in such a way that the posterity would

00:32:51 --> 00:32:52

then take it to,

00:32:53 --> 00:32:56

be what the actual was because of the

00:32:56 --> 00:32:58

massive amount of trust that the people had

00:32:58 --> 00:32:58

in them.

00:32:59 --> 00:33:00

And, this is one of the reasons that

00:33:00 --> 00:33:01

Imam Hanifa,

00:33:02 --> 00:33:03

you know, spent his life

00:33:05 --> 00:33:05

copiously

00:33:06 --> 00:33:08

recording his mad hub

00:33:09 --> 00:33:09

rather than,

00:33:10 --> 00:33:12

rather than enforcing it because he knew people

00:33:12 --> 00:33:13

would come later

00:33:13 --> 00:33:14

that,

00:33:15 --> 00:33:17

you know, could follow and if they were

00:33:17 --> 00:33:19

of second rate moral

00:33:19 --> 00:33:20

quality,

00:33:20 --> 00:33:22

the people could always refer back to Abu

00:33:22 --> 00:33:24

Hanifa and his companions,

00:33:24 --> 00:33:26

their era and their writing

00:33:26 --> 00:33:28

and their reasoning in order to call out,

00:33:28 --> 00:33:31

the the wrong rulings that the later people

00:33:31 --> 00:33:33

would give. But if that first generation didn't

00:33:33 --> 00:33:35

keep it real, then the rest of the

00:33:35 --> 00:33:37

Ummah would have been in the dark. Allah,

00:33:37 --> 00:33:38

protect us.

00:33:38 --> 00:33:41

Allah, protect us from ever selling this knowledge

00:33:41 --> 00:33:42

for a cheap price

00:33:42 --> 00:33:45

and ever seeking it for a cheap price.

00:33:45 --> 00:33:48

And, you know, always this this era is

00:33:48 --> 00:33:49

a era of fake news,

00:33:50 --> 00:33:52

And, sometimes the people who are,

00:33:52 --> 00:33:54

peddling the fake news are the biggest ones

00:33:54 --> 00:33:55

that cry about fake news.

00:33:56 --> 00:33:56

So,

00:33:57 --> 00:33:59

the we remember the prophetic

00:34:04 --> 00:34:06

Oh Allah, show me the haqq as the

00:34:06 --> 00:34:07

haqq and,

00:34:08 --> 00:34:10

provide me the ability to follow it and

00:34:10 --> 00:34:12

show me the falsehood as the falsehood and

00:34:12 --> 00:34:14

prove provide me the ability to stay stay

00:34:14 --> 00:34:15

the heck away from it.

00:34:16 --> 00:34:18

Allah, give all of us so much and

00:34:19 --> 00:34:21

Allah, give us the Basira inside

00:34:22 --> 00:34:24

to know which part of, the uloom,

00:34:24 --> 00:34:26

we can reach him best through.

00:34:27 --> 00:34:27

Whether it be,

00:34:28 --> 00:34:30

the the knowledge of Apida or whether it

00:34:30 --> 00:34:32

be the knowledge of Tassowaf or whether it

00:34:32 --> 00:34:34

be the knowledge of or some particular,

00:34:35 --> 00:34:37

you know, some particular part thereof,

00:34:37 --> 00:34:40

tafsir, the Quran, and hadith, whatever it is

00:34:40 --> 00:34:42

that we need that we can do the

00:34:42 --> 00:34:42

best with,

00:34:43 --> 00:34:45

you Allah. Give it to us and raise

00:34:45 --> 00:34:47

amongst us a group of Bahir and pure,

00:34:48 --> 00:34:50

people who can be the receptacles of this

00:34:50 --> 00:34:51

knowledge,

00:34:51 --> 00:34:53

in an encyclopedic sense and

00:34:53 --> 00:34:55

that it can be divided up amongst them

00:34:55 --> 00:34:57

as well so that we can also know

00:34:57 --> 00:34:59

who to trust with our deen and, how

00:34:59 --> 00:35:01

to benefit from them and protect us from

00:35:02 --> 00:35:04

jackals and hyenas of this age who will

00:35:04 --> 00:35:07

just blame everybody who preserves, any

00:35:07 --> 00:35:08

branch of knowledge

00:35:08 --> 00:35:11

for the the chaos and and and difficulty

00:35:11 --> 00:35:13

that the Ummah is in well, not

00:35:13 --> 00:35:15

lifting much of a finger to serve any

00:35:15 --> 00:35:16

much of anything themselves.

00:35:23 --> 00:35:24

Tomorrow, we we talk about,

00:35:25 --> 00:35:27

Rizal's critique of the rulers of his age.

00:35:27 --> 00:35:28

So do join

00:35:28 --> 00:35:29

us.

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