Tom Facchine – Beginning Classical Arabic Lesson 65
AI: Summary ©
The speakers discuss the use of feminine forms in Arabic and their impact on gender roles. The conversion of "how" into a naturally occurring form is discussed, including the use of "how" and "how" in various situations. The speakers also discuss the proper pronouns for male and female pronouns in Arabic and provide examples of words and their meaning in Arabic grammar. The transcript describes a jumbled mix of characters and phrases, with some portions being indiscernible and others being difficult to understand. The speakers also discuss the origin of the phrase " Khadija" and the use of "has" in writing.
AI: Summary ©
swimmer monitor him and hungry Alameen
wa salam that was
not an MBA we're more saline maybe you know but what's in a Mohammed Ali follows the stream
Aloha My name is Mei and foreigner on Fatima antenna as we've known menyambut
Salam Alaikum Alaikum everybody, welcome to beginning classical Arabic
This lesson
is all about feminine forms,
feminine subject pronouns,
feminine object pronouns, and feminine possessive pronouns. Previously we had learned with the masculine forms and we had
observed that the masculine forms, as in many languages across the world
are used not just for exclusively male groups, but also for groups of mixed gender.
So, in Arabic, as in other languages, if you are using a feminine form, it shows exclusive femininity, it shows that you're dealing with a group that is exclusively feminine, there are no males as part of the group.
So we have an example here
says, and it will look to the equally meningioma lil deity.
Change the subject of each of the following sentences to make it feminine. We have an example and Tom collarbone. This is a Joomla is Mia on hover?
Are you all students
in common English who would say are you students
and what they want us to do is to turn it into the feminine and tuna for the bathroom. So here we had to change the subject pronoun and some two and 10
Okay, so we have in the first question and know that the Sunnah.
Are you all
teachers and that could be all men, for a group of men and women. And so if we were converting this into the exclusively feminine form
it would have an soon
okay, I'm going to use shorthand here. Okay. There's an Arabic the shorthand is with
lines and carrots and instead of dots does take a little bit too long.
And tuna and what's the sound this is a sound masculine plural would there be soon what would the sound feminine plural of modality soon be with the reset? And the reset
very good and Tom that son helping Oh.
Oh, you are you doctors and of course we would have and twin the sound masculine feminine four of the battle, which is
I'll be that
notice here we have a couple of interesting things going on.
Right so for LeBron was a broken plural on gender ataxia, but it comes from the
as the masculine singular singular body if you go to the feminine singular for Lisa to him.
Right? This is a different singular and so we get a sound of masculine excuse me, a sound feminine plural from that singular, right. So it's not it's not logically it's not a foregone conclusion. Let's say that just because a masculine singular goes to the broken plural, that it's going to be the same in the feminine now the feminine singular can go to the south
On feminine floral and a masculine singer can go to a broken floral doesn't have to go to a sound masculine singular. Here the second example or I should say the first actual problem is sound masculine floral. That'd be soon. And that goes to the sound, feminine floral, etc. Please stay tuned with that research. And here we start out with a broken floral that is normally not meant to sort of apply
for masculine. And we are finding ourselves with another sound feminine floral. Bobby bad one.
Good.
Number three and Tom Watson Hamedan are assuming if we're to have a meeting. Are you all brothers of Hamlet? Right? We noticed that this is a possessive construction. Because someone could say a beginning Arabic foreigner could say, how do we know that? We're not calling? We're not talking to him. And Tom Watson and Tim EFA. Yeah, Hammett. If we say it like that without the How to cat, then it's ambiguous. It could or it could mean are you all brothers Hamad? Like we're talking to Hamlet or it could be an ephah Yeah, Hamid. Are you all brothers of Hamlet? Right. So we require the
we require the
how to cast in order to distinguish between the two. We see that f platoon
is a noun that does not have any snap, and it does not have 10 ween
the towing has been taken away and we only have one bomber. So that's our first hence this is Maddie Fub it's Maddie so by being possessed, what's it for us buy handmade and the giveaway here is that guess what time the two Castro's on the end of ham meeting so the relationship between these two words is more lawful Boffi they possessive relationship? If we're to have a meeting, brothers of Hamlet Are you all brothers have homies so we got to change that into feminine and to Unoh
think now what zone is the plural of Eflin
so the singular is Bookboon
what's the plural of oxen?
How
how to we don't need to change Jaime to a feminine name it's not necessary Pammi then
there should be a space here that's not intentionally think ended that to me
a how
to have a meeting
or you all have needs sisters
and finally we have a
Muslim on that's the same exact sort of thing as more very soon and tuna Muslim at one
and that concludes one through four
the exercise continues on the next page we've crossed over to page 89 Mashallah. And now more more then okay. And then is the plural of I'm and we remember no parking for uncle's right. It's one of the Google Translate Miss translation sort of translation sales that I saw in Medina. All right, and then is not the plural of,
of I am. I'm with a shed the on the meme is Uncle paternal uncle. Whereas
right that is general and the plural of ion or we just had the mustache is or moon
whereas the plural of unmown is out man.
Right?
So no general parking or no public parking would use irmo and not atma. Anyway, until more machmood in. Again, the same sort of ambiguity would come here if we did not
if we did not have the How to cats, which is why it's important when you're learning Arabic to always pronounce the how cats
and tongue out and they're more. We only have one llama. That's our hands. Here's an Assam note or the flam and oh tell me what's coming next Mahmoud in. This is kestra It's in the genitive case, man drawer. And so this is in the bathroom Boffi in a relationship with possessive relationship this is are you all the uncles of Matthew
Okay, so now we have to work backwards if we want to say and then we're going to ask for the paternal
aunt
of
And so the turtle and is I'm not done
it's interesting what's going on here where it is kind of flattening out my annotation.
Just wanted to see if there's any
I'll have to look into those settings later because it's kind of
not showing the finer sharper angles of my writing. So I'm not one is singular for paternal aunts and so it's just simply going to be on that on. Yes.
Sound feminine plural. So I'm that
I'm mad to machmood in
so I'm going across the last system was awesome.
I'll have you do the last two since I did one through five already. Why didn't
you sorry for joining these? No, no worries, no worries.
So what we're doing here, this particular exercise, we're converting the masculine plural to the feminine plural. Alright, so the previous example I had done and
Mohammed in becomes an h1, I'm to mood in the noun is getting converted into feminine.
And the subject pronoun is also getting deeper into feminine. So go ahead and try to tackle number six.
I'm Tom Bernard. Moody, very good.
Aba is father right? Yes. Oh, no had to do lovey. Fantastic. Exactly. So two things being changed there the subject pronoun and tuna and tuna and the SM from Aetna. And
to banana to and on how to and I had pointed out before about how notice that many of the masculine forms will end up in a broken plural. Right. But that doesn't necessitate that the feminine forms are going to end up in any sort of broken plural all the feminine forms end up in a sound feminine plural.
Right. So
the difference between these two are somewhat different because they have different root words from Vince to Ibn and EB to own. But take for example, a man which is the plural of Ironman, right? The feminine singular is on metal and
it's the same exact word just for the time of the Buddha. And yet just the addition of that time or buta ends up with a sound feminine floral, whereas this where the singular masculine ends up in a broken floral.
Good.
How will it be O'Meara? See Colin Mina Jumonville TRT Kana whom what bathroom bill Mithali okay, we'll break down the instructions since we've got the leisure of time tonight.
How well are you how Willow is a form to verb
write with a double middle letter salah, your fat a little Cesari and so
how what are you have we do means to convert or to change? Right to transform in all the sentences?
Yes, by me it is a is a pronoun. Yep. So how I don't mean it literally means the hidden right but it's used for pronouns.
If something is meant more, it is hidden. Yep. And each of the following sentences can have one or more one by one. This is the SM furrows of what what have you want B hotel D to clarify?
cannot have more than one as it is clarified. didn't meet it as it is clarified in the exam. Okay, so the example is Aina Bay to come. Yeah if one Aina Bay to Pune. Yeah of our two so basically make it feminine. Yes. Okay. I now mother was set to come. Yeah, if one Aina
my daughter said to
Madras that was not acceptable.
Why not? It's a class.
madrasa is not a class.
It's the whole thing. It's the whole school.
Okay, so anyway, it won't change so it will just be Aina Madra I
tune my madrasa to Kunta. Yeah.
I'm a hot word. Yes. Very good.
Matter
ftbl ruhuna myself that my TiVo will now yeah. A Howard. Yes. Good.
Ah, I had the
nice they tried to catch you out we failed. So I'm always uncle, right? Yes. I'm always paternal uncle. I'm that one. Okay, so hot for Allah token. Yeah, well, you don't have to necessarily go to maternal. Oh, okay. Can go.
Yeah, I'm open. Yeah, how what? Good.
Me to home.
Oh, a B to B to bait.
Oh, is the question. Sorry. Yeah. A Beta Hakuna periurban Yeah, a whole lot. Very good. Yep.
V au Sharon.
Who
see Aisha her in FCA Asia release diva. Guna Yeah, a whole lot. Excellent. Michelle, very good.
Any questions about those at all? No. Okay, Michelle, really straightforward
and the only difference you see the utility of of this book and how they did it now here it was simpler sentences working on the subject pronouns. Now they've isolated the the possessive pronouns so they're running us through one by one as opposed to mixing them and matching them from the beginning
give it a shot read it and try to translate it without marking it like my pan
Yeti
blank
fill in the blanks FEMA
in what yearly? I don't think any FEMA yearly is what what like the following. So another way to say following fill in the following blanks? dummy run Munna Sivan suitable pronouns
move for
whatever means.
Personal
personal pronouns, right. Like like addressing pronouns. Second person. Okay, second.
Because chutzpah, right, there's the one addressed
is the one who's being addressed. Okay. Okay, good.
So I'm doing Muslim. Muslim one. Yes. Good.
Maria, la NT. Merida. Very good.
And tuna Tabi. Via tone. Very good. Yeah. Yeah.
To jar and tune to jaren.
Beans. Movie, aunty Wintel moody. Yeah, it's not a race. But yes. No.
I'm
sorry. Sorry. Sorry. No worries. Just, you got all the hard stuff, right.
I'm doing a whole word two.
And
then, yes, my life was awfully very good.
And
very good. So again, fairly straightforward. So they went back and they are stressing the personal assuming the subject pronouns as opposed to the possessive pronouns. However, this time, they're making you feel on the front end, right? Before they were having you kind of focus on the back end. They were also having you, you know, adjust the subject pronouns, but they were really focusing on converting the hubbub of those juman this media, right now, they're focusing on the front end of the subject pronouns. Okay, what's
what's bah
bah it's like place Oh, right. So if you say well blah, right along and so forth, man, but what the enemies right a lot placed or, you know, a little bit stronger than placed like established
exactly like to sounds like to place her her child, right? The mother of Mary
and sort of adding on
but it has the literal meaning comes back to like to put to put something
so put in the places the line places
fee June
in the following sentences pronouns does seelen Li morphol Again we'll call them is second person,
but moto still is joined, it is literally literally it means the connected pronouns are the joint pronouns for us in English grammar, it means the attached the attached second person pronoun, right, that's the literal meaning for us, we would probably say
it's the possessive pronouns, right? Because in English we don't. We don't differentiate between attached or not attached like we we differentiate between subject, possessive and object. Yeah, actually has no concept. I guess so.
Because all the letters are detached. Yeah, exactly. And notice here, how do my little TSE add here filled in for what was in the previous exercise? Female Jelle. Right. So female Jelle and I'll add here mean the same thing, the only difference? The only difference is that female Jelle is general like in what follows, right? Whereas fetal Joomla lil tn using an ad here makes you be a little bit more specific. You have to say deal do Maddie Attia in the following sentences, the only little difference okay, so like, see my early means? What's below? In what? Yeah, in what follows? Yeah. In what's working?
Yeah, yeah. Okay. Okay.
The two.
Okay. So it's one. So f1 aina Bay to whom? We are f1. I had
Hamid, a hierarchy to Abu Yahama dual.
Jeremy, Leila. Okay.
Sa
sa t.
Yummy Latin. Yah, Leila. You're saying My watch is beautiful. Isn't it? Leila?
Oh, so sick. Turkey. Yeah, there you go.
Sad to teach me Latin. Yeah. Leila. Be pretty funny. Oh, my watch is beautiful. Isn't it? Leila? Isn't it? Leila?
fishing for compliments.
Men Okay, so this is a hot man Abu Nyah. Hallward good.
Yeah, a man must smoke.
Yaffe my smoker. Yeah, okay.
Oh, yeah. Okay, my smokey Yeah, opti Very good.
Be at now
I'm gonna
have a female slave or is it?
Oh, nothing Beatty? Yeah, binotto Yeah. Yeah, it's one. Ma.
Ma Oh, goon. Yeah, is very good. And we pointed out this before but it bears repeating. There's just because a word in its singular form starts with a hundreds of muscle does not necessitate that it's plural form also start with 100. The loss of the plural of ism is s mat. And SM singular starts with the hands of the muscle and the plural Esma
starts with the hundreds of Qatar.
There you go. Good. Any questions? No question then. Okay, we're rolling
okay, but means please, in the
end, the blank cell lines female usually that follow
pronouns suitable pronouns
with the column
addressing
Yama defend them.
Yeah.
Yeah, good. multicolumn is the technical term for the first person. Okay, so we have we set we say um,
First Person is what the callin
now the second person will call them and the third person is literally the speaker be addressed and the absent literally
yes I don't even have to write that
and
yes
national mostly Muna
anonymously Mattoon
Nah, no. Muslim not
an acne banana total moody.
And I've been muda Rossi. Yep. And I'm just going to pick on you because you're a Shala doing great. Well that LISI makes sure that the RA has
National Ebola?
I know Maria, Marie Batoon. Fantastic. And the only
Yes, that's okay. And so what they're trying to hammer home here by listing this exercise, which seems way easier than the previous several exercises is that in the multicolumn, you don't have to worry about gender, at least, at least on the front end. Right. As far as the subject pronouns and a national it's always the number. Yes, exactly. You only have to worry about number. Whereas second and third person that's when you have to worry about gendering your pronouns.
As now, we have a lot of discussion now on the list about gendered pronouns right and what your pronouns are. So, say in the first person in Arabic, we don't have to gender our pronouns.
Okay, what else I want to point out Oh, yeah, just the the declination of Ellenwood Kelim. So we get to Kalama.
Right is the root
Kalamos form to write Qlm, Allahu Musa kleemann. That's, that's form two. If you add a tab to the beginning of that form, it's a different form. I
honestly can't remember the number if it's five, six or seven, they all kind of run together for me, but to Kalama like Tenez Allah, right in solid color in Santa Hokulea. Two other document is 110 as the actual
origin of that word is 10 as, but it's permissible. If you have repeating tags in this form, it's permissible in Arabic grammar to delete the first task. Right? So it's actually a melodic verb. It's a present tense verb. But for phonetic reasons, the repeating task, it's the first time as late as 10 As
a rule, right. Okay. So here, so this is that form. Okay. So collana is actually that Tat is not part of conjugation. It's not a melodic verb. This is actually a past tense verb. This is the mob they form
a llama
and the meaning of this verb form that it communicates is something that is done
almost like reflexively, right? It's something that is
not necessarily can be done to oneself, but let's say this whereas speaking could put more emphasis and attention on the object of the speech or the intent of the speech or where the speech is directed to, to Catallena puts more emphasis and attention on the fact that that person is speaking themselves.
Easy example of this is Alima right Alima has to know right? I lemma, or lemon or add to double the middle letter, it becomes to teach right it becomes transitive to I lemma is to learn.
Okay, so these are all past tense verbs. Halima is knowing, right?
The internal state of kind of like helping yourself know is to alone.
Right? Learning, right? So it's different from to know something which is passive. And Alana is like to do something to yourself that's more active to get you to that state. Right. So that's kind of the connotation of this particular verb form. And so it goes to Kelowna Yatta Kal Mo and the MOBILedit the must stop from this form is to Cologne
and the SM file is
mu
tickling.
Right? That's where we get some fat is motor fat, whatever it is with motor oil and the learner, the learner.
What's a gallon the speaker, right, etc, etc, etc. So
okay
Read and Write okay there. This is something we saw previously but they're going to reemphasize it if I was to go ahead just read them out loud and we'll just point out a couple of things that have a B 11. Here are two Avella go in
Doha he went. My father went to Cairo before I forget this. Good Okay, so this is the Arabic backwards for English speakers of what is ago ago. So it was sport is a week. So Pablo scorin is literally before one week and figuratively a week ago.
Mecca for Rajat Meenal. Firstly, Yamaha Madhu
when
project Hello, that
project is a female right? Yeah, it's not how to adjust and the context in other they're taken off the training wheels but I still have to. Yeah, Mohammed
Hello.
File.
Metadata. Yeah, he's talking to what happened, right.
What gives it away as the husband knew that? Yeah, okay. So Mohammed.
When did you
when did you leave the class? Yeah. And how did you do bad that I left after class?
Okay, good. Well, you say like, when did you leave the classroom? And maybe this is an accusation right? Maybe like, did you leave early you know, like nothing no, left after class. Don't worry.
Let's dive just a little bit deeper into these two so breakdown breakdown example one for me. What type of sentence is this?
It's
good. What are the parts of Gemini failure?
Sign
Hey, yep.
File. Yep.
My phone. Good. Okay, where's the Ferris
they have a good where's the size
of the year and the fall is you see how this is a prepositional phrase prepositional phrase either as a call a hit or T cobblers flooring. I got a nice little time stamp on there in the end. Okay with this is the FEMA Halol.
Good. Okay. To what do we got here?
Same thing. Yes. Good.
Suraj that is the world. Okay, where's the fire?
I'm gonna define No, no, no.
This is extra. We don't need you have one.
So the fire is the one who did the courage. Yeah, that's the common. Yeah, but it's additional to something else that precedes it, which indicates who did it, which is in this case, that tab. If you go to any mean, it's built in. Right? So if you go to any if you go to any classical vocal grammar, they're going to say that the verb is Khadija and that the Fabian is the task. Right? Which is very counterintuitive for an English speaker. And then they'll say that because what Yeah, Mohamed is at the end. And so it would break the normal order, right? The normal sentence order is
right, and so yeah, Mohamed, are you going to put the file away at the end? Is it fair enough fluid sign? You can do that in certain scenarios. But the facts are there's right there. You right. When did you go? And then you're simply adding Yeah, Mohammed for emphasis or for you know, style or whatever means possibly another prepositional phrase, homage to an even better example. There's no young Mohamed. He doesn't say Anna. Anna Mohamed has to know how to jazz the third. That too, is the siren that addresses the prepositional phrase that stands and for the Mfu
Okay,
okay, let's go number three.
That's Elon Musk.
Do the
okay.
You really liked the, the singular, the singular feminine?
And with good reason. I mean, yeah.
Yeah, it's tricky because Arabic forces you to scan ahead and go back like, like reading English is like, following me this reading Arabic is like, like a Yo yo, almost because how would you know? You wouldn't know you're right you're 100% you look at this word by itself without jumping ahead, you have no idea that you have to have to have the habit. But from the
context of the rest of the sentence, you know, then you figure out oh, I can only be that too.
Good.
So
you have to two is the verb
to two is the
file. Yep. And the rest of it is? Yeah, it's pretty much the exact same thing as number one except just with a blumea as the fire as opposed to heavy.
Metal the hubba um Mookie?
Il era Ilaria V? Yeah. Amina to.
When did your uncle go to Riyadh Amina
the hub.
Avila Shah, he went a month ago. So the full sentence
The hubba is the
verb and I'm Mookie is the
file
and then the rest of
my phone
is the verb and then the Fatah is the science.
Here's what they're gonna say in the in the books of Arabic grammar, they're going to say that the saurian is a beaumier musetti of
the witches means a hidden okay. Oh see ya exam was stiff
on me and was stuck here
to tf and the stand in or what's implied is Hua
so that's what they're saying is the hidden pronoun. Right so they have a Hua cobbler Sharon but it's not there they have a cobbler Sharon
Apple Bella, Bella so Lottie they have that they have
Hello, Bella. Oh, sorry.
Sorry. Bobby la sala de the hub il Melba AMI or did you go to the restaurant before prayer
now the habit bada Salah t know right off to the Yeah.
There's a good ya know, there's a little bit of opposite of yours. I use feminine for everything. Yeah, my so well, I guess you know, different scenarios if that makes sense.
This is a funny, you know, a little funny exchange here. It's almost like another accusation. That's like, you didn't go to the restaurant before the prayer. Did you know No, relax. I went I went after the prayer.
So if I have to say this, I would have actually said that habit.
Ill mouth for AMI Avila sadati
does that happen? Yeah, I would have done that have done.
Not AMI covenant salah. It is what I would have said. Right. I see you're saying yes. And notice how that brings up another point, which is notice what's emphasized? Right, you can tell that from the way that the question is worded that it's sort of an accusation, right? Because what's immediately adjacent to the Yeah.
Yeah, exactly. Which is a little bit like disbelief, right?
That habitated matambi Because we could put
eel metonymy. They have a couple of Salah Right? Like, was it was it a restaurant before?
We went somewhere? Exactly. Okay, exactly, or other have to enter. We can even do that in Arabic. If you add an additional subject pronoun, you can emphasize was it you that went it's like I saw someone go
They have to enter in an atomic level of solder or a couple of silent isn't what I mean. But yeah, the way that the sentence is worded shots are fired, I mean, like a Calvinists on anti Hepta either not on me it tequila, right and say, How could you have gone to the restaurant before before prayer? You got missed? Apparently. No, no, no, don't worry. Don't worry. It was after the prayer. Okay, so we've reached Yeah, you have any questions?
Okay, so this is pretty much the end of the chapter. So we have a little bit of a rundown here of everything. A summary at the top. Yeah, he
that's the feminine, has the masculine, singular, second person form. And they're saying enter the hip tea. Yeah. Oh, see? Alright, so that's the conjugation for second person singular, feminine. Okay. Anna, the head tone? Yeah. If any? That's second person plural. Ain't that have ton? The whole Lt. That is?
Second person, feminine. Floral. And then look, we have the, the entire month of Katelyn here.
Exactly. So they're stressing again, that point that in the first person we do not differentiate for gender first person is easy.
In these last few examples, they didn't need the pronoun. No.
It's not about oh, no, I have to Yeah, no, no, you're right. You would. And that's not a natural Arabic sentence. That would only be in cases of extreme emphasis. Like, for example, the sorts of different ways we were playing with the word order in the previous question. If someone had asked
and enter the data, or other have to enter, you could say num, enter, enter, they have to write as an emphasis sort of thing here. You know, if you're doubling down on it, it's like You're darn right. I did because I'm Mo Sathya. And I played I've already prayed Gemini with Prosser and I don't have to worry about it and don't accuse me of anything. You can really emphasize the fact that it was you but all things being equal. That's not a very natural sort of Arabic construction.
The new words that came messages you
Yes, yes. Okay.
Cobbler, which is also let's think of it as a go right. It's also a go in
in behind Yes. Yep. Awesome. Okay, so how metal when I was born,
is that a week? Yep. I shahada is a month. Good.
Adan is the call to prayer Asana to is deliver Raja Raja Raja Yun, return very good. str is test Very good.
baumatic Elman vasila. So Vasila is the opposite of tequila, tequila is attached pronouns and one Pasila is detached. Separate pronouns however we want to say, but we wouldn't say that in English, we would say the Pasila are either object pronouns for
possessive pronouns whereas them on fossi that are subject pronouns Okay, these are your subject pronouns a little more frog singular new Gemma poor home
Ali veteran who now Bali bathroom. There's a third person and that's all even unto Lavon aunty, Bali veteran until now.
For the lateral Ana polygon, national who Lavon Anna polybutene New all the data. So they're just showing you how the the
subject pronoun changes. Yeah, for different numbers and generals. Yes. And they're giving you everything in a nice little table here. So you got the third person here, all the third person forms. Second person here all the second person forms and the first person and they're the same, but they just want to demonstrate that to you.
Okay, and that is the end of that lesson. Any questions?
Okay, we're out of time anyway. Okay, so, you know, questions are all the data that I'm gonna be covering. As I said, I'm like