Nouman Ali Khan – Dream Big TA Study Session Fragments
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Salam Alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh everybody. Welcome to another ta study session. My name is Jawad and I'll be leading this one in sha Allah
can everybody hear me clearly
Okay, good perfect insha Allah so last session I believe was led by sister Hannah
was she able to complete the previous chapter? Are we starting from type today I believe right
if it's blurry then that is most likely in an internet issue on your end. So please do check your internet inshallah. And let's get started.
Okay, so let's just walk through
let's just walk through this very quickly in sha Allah.
When sister Elina and sister Hannah were doing their sessions, were they going over all the material or only the exercises just so I can follow the same the same pattern as them?
All the material, okay, perfect. Okay, so let's go through this then starting with type we've already covered at this point,
three, three characteristics of the isms, their status number gender, and this is the fourth and final one type. So we have two types that we that an ism can can fall into we have either common or proper, and the default of the two is common. So an ism is common. It's always common unless we have a reason to say that it's proper. And always remember that for all the all of the statuses or sorry for all of the characteristics of an ism, status number gender and type there is a default and unless you have a reason, then you have to keep it at the default. So masculine is the default for gender. Rafa is the default for status.
Singular is the default for number and then for type the default is common, so we always need a reason to go against the default. And we have seven basic reasons that was not covered in the intensive words that start with a live lamb proper names such as Jawad or Alina or Hannah or the one the one being called so if I said yeah yeah wallet yeah wallet wallet in that case is proper because it's being called pronouns all the pronouns well whom to whom here homeowner and on demand and the demand to enter a national
they Ismail ishara her there had only hola he had he had any hola
teleca TinyCo like, or sorry, Malika Nikolai Calcutta Anika and Lulu aka the USMA masuleh which are the connector words a levy a levani alladhina allottee Allah tiny allottee allottee Allah ima and Mon. And
in the case of in Lofa fragment, if de la la is proper, levelled off will also be proper. So these are the seven reasons for a word to be proper. And we have we have a few examples here. Hi, that is a pointer word is a semi shouto. us sort of starts with a flam. alula starts with a flam. So hopefully, Ibrahim, this is a this is in Lofa here. Ibrahim is a proper name so it's proper. And then because of that, it's milled off slough is also proper. Likewise with Musa proper names so it's proper.
If there any questions on these, let me know. I'm going to move forward inshallah.
I feel like these are pretty straightforward. We're going to go over every single one of them.
Let's get started on the exercise here. So we need to identify whether the following words are common or proper. This should be fairly straightforward. Again, I'm going to go kind of fast and inshallah if there are any questions, just stop me and let me know.
Okay,
Okay, so first one, I'll coordinate its proper because of Alif Lam. Mac Athina we don't have any reason here
to say that it's proper so we're going to default it to common. No. is a proper name. So this one is proper. Yeah, well, this is the example I gave earlier. What is being called and the one being called is always proper. So seven is proper as well. A levy is a connector ism it's an smo su proper again
El Nino and starts with a flam. So this is proper. Rasool Allah he this is in Lhasa for an Ibaka we look at the model of La first. So la flagella here is the Malachy de and this is a proper word. So the mala Rasool will also be proper. So Rasool is proper here. Meriam again, it's a it's a name, so it's proper Mossad D on we don't have a reason to say it's proper. So we'll keep it at common Mohammedan is a name so it's proper.
A Safina starts with LF lamb so it's proper noun Allah
same as Rasul Allah above the Salafi Lei is proper so the mala is also proper.
Nisa, we don't have a reason we'll we'll keep it at common meaning again, common, no reason Kenzan also will be common malaria shrimps, the mafia day starts with Alif Lam making it proper. So the moth is also proper muffler is proper.
Would you and woolum both do not have any reason to to be proper, so they will be common.
Okay, next column. Yeah, Adam, Adam is being called and it's a proper name. So it's double proper here, which doesn't actually mean anything. It's just proper
shedule starts with a flam. So, it will be proper muddle button
does not have a reason and it will stay common, who what is a pronoun so and pronouns are always proper or one also does not have a reason. It will be common, unless it starts with Elif lamb. So it is proper as well. So lava tube, this is in the lava, so we have to look at the mold off at first i that doesn't have any clear reason to be proper. So we're gonna say it's common, and that will make its move off. So also common
field r1 is a name so it's proper La Vina is a connector ism it's an it's a muscle. It's proper, Alia team starts with Ali flam it's proper of the Kra sources it flam also proper.
Another McLaughlin Boffi they hear
us hub will mean mana. The last delay is El Maimana. And it is proper started because it starts with Alif Lam same thing for the next one it starts with Alif Lam asylee hat will also be proper
halt the 18 doesn't have any clear reason to be proper so it will be common. Musa is a name and proper names are always proper fuck Karaca batin is another
mode off mode off La Rocca button is the mobile fillet and it doesn't have any reason to be proper. So we will call it common
Zelicah is a pointer Ism valleca means that
and pointer isms are always proper a nine last one here I believe yeah a nine is the it starts with a thumb so it will be proper as well.
Any
questions on this section?
Oh, page 17. So we've already done this exercise. Okay, well, it's a good review then I guess.
Hamner Can you tell me what exactly you would like to like me to repeat
in. So healthy Ibrahima, when Musa Ibrahim and Musa are both proper, because they're both names. Names are always proper.
And so health is the
I guess you could say that it's the mold off of both
Yeah, it's kind of an implied it's Sophie Ibrahim was so healthy Musa but then the second time the surf is just is omitted. It's it's, it's removed. So you could say that surf is the mala
Have both
Rambla being in a Boffa being in a fragment does not automatically make it proper.
Once you have an ID Lofa, then you look at the second word, you look at the word after of the middle of the day, if the and then you apply the same seven rules that we already know.
If one of those rules applies, then both words will be proper. In this case, what I'll cover is not proper on its own. So neither of the words are proper.
Why do we look for proper and common, we look for proper and common because for example, when we want to start creating fragments,
like most of CIFA, for example, right, most of CIFA, the CIFA has to match in all four properties. So if our Mo Su is proper than all of its SIFAT will also be proper, in the case of a
Lofa if, if we want to convey a proper meaning, then we have to know how to make the word proper. And just when you're speaking or trying to understand Arabic in general.
If you want to convey a certain meaning, you have to be able to tell the difference. If I want to say a book, I'm going to make a comment if I want to say V book, then I'm going to make it proper. So to be able to understand and speak Arabic properly. You have to know the difference between proper and common.
Why is number four a common? Let's take a look.
Number four right here.
Number four starts with Elif lamb. So it is
I can highlight the full word oops.
And highlight the full word but this will have to do number four is proper because it starts with a live from
my MMA is a muscle but MMA is not always is a muscle. There's multiple things that mark can be. Mark can also mean no it can be negation in this case, it's neither that it's neither negation and it's also not a it's a monsoon, this man is part of the word the word is mark if Mark if like ILM jarhead.
What else file right Marcus and this is in the plural form Marquis Thien, Marquis foon maki theme
so much this man is actually a part of the word
while he was more law he will work at
having to intervene yes than when is an indicator of common
most of the time if you see it in Wien,
then you can safely say that it's common
Okay, let's any last questions before we move forward?
Can one jar have two modules? Yes, it can. There'll be connected most of the time with a while. So technically we won't say it has two modules will say that the second one is connected to the first one.
But in that way yes, you can.
As janitorial for DOS or Zen nettleford Oh, sorry.
Yes, you can you can you can ask your question go ahead and Chudleigh the past study sessions should be on the Bane a YouTube channel under the Live section.
You should be able to find them there inshallah.
No one is proper, because it's a name. That's why I said like 10 wean most of the time. It's an indicator of common, but not all of the time that this is the case for anything right? I'm not sure if I've mentioned this during the classes but there is no blanket. Very rarely is there a blanket statement that's true in every single case.
Number nine
number nine is a connector ism a levy connector isms are always proper
It's a muscle if you remember
36 On page five, let's take a look
Okay, number 36 al Mobley lien. So if you remember in the Muslim chart
was the one Muslim and Muslim and Muslim, anti Muslim anti Muslim anti Muslim Munna mostly Mina. So we have the INA ending here in ending is telling us that this word is pneus of origin and this is an ending combination.
Your question was
yes, it is not something Jared combination and it's plural.
Why does heavy and light not matter when oil is applied?
Because
heavy and light is a
it's a
it's kind of related to proper and common oh sorry.
Sorry, I lost my train of thought.
So, our rules when when Alif Lam if you remember when we talked about or when we which should have what should have been covered when he started covering heavy and light is that when I lift lamb appears on a word, that word does not that word cannot have been weaned anymore, right. And if I'm into unweaned, they do not mix the flam into when they do not mix, but Elif lamb can still be paired with
the noon sounds on the rest of the Muslim chart. So for the for all of the combinations not all of the combinations, but for the Annie Aney and the guna ina combinations for example.
The you can have a left lamb with with that at the same time. So like in this example that we were just discussing right number 36 on this page URL Mobley, Lena, we added URL, but we didn't remove the noon here. So Alif Lam doesn't automatically make a word light. It just can't be paired with 10 When
does that make sense? I lift lamb and turn when cannot go together but a lift lamb and the noon sound in the combinations they can that's fine.
So
this kind of breaks some of the the proper rules that we have. And for that reason we say that you know we it's just irrelevant.
And there are other reasons as well but that's like a basic explanation.
For Profit names and three letter names are within ween Yeah, so names are names are an example of something that can have been weaned and still be proper.
Pronouns are always proper Yes.
Okay, we're gonna what are the Arabic words for status, status is Arab, number is added gender is Jin's and type is Kissam.
Oops
Okay,
let's move on to the next section here. The four properties of each of the words status number, gender and type. So new hen is an example that's already been given. It's not because of the um the the fathead Thane it's singular because it's you know, it's a proper name is just one person it's masculine by default and it's proper because it's a proper name. Love flagella is mudgeeraba because of the customer at the end Allah He singular again by default masculine by default proper because of Allah flam. saggi Deen. Sajid deen is the status is pneus of origin because of the INA ending. So this is nice of origin. Number is plural again, because of the INA ending, gender is masculine. We
can say it's masculine by default, we can say also masculine because of the INA ending, and una INA is always masculine and type. The type is common by default. So
can I fill these in? No I can't.
Okay, what I'm going to do is I'm going to show the answer key and then just go through the explanation so that way you guys can have the visual as well, instead of just having to look at it
blank piece of paper.
Okay, so again, that's the board Jo. Plural. Sorry, not plural. Yeah, plural, masculine and common. That's right. Mac caffeine is exactly the same as saggi. The ina ending tells us SNESs of or Joe. It also tells us plural, it also tells us masculine, and then it's common by default.
The name Ibrahim, it ends in the Fatah teen. And if you remember, non Arab names are partly flexible. So this
is a singular Fatah. But non Arab names are partly flexible. So this Fatah tells us it could be pneus of origin it's one person so it's singular by default masculine by default and proper because it's a name.
To tune
at the tune the own tells us it's rougher singular, by default feminine because of the more brutal at the end and common by default.
I'll call Nene. Ad ending tells us nessa Virgil. It also tells us dual masculine by default and plural because of Elif lamb, or Mattoon. One tells us it's Rafer singular by default feminine because of the Tamar booth law and common by default, all men in the in on the meme tells us it's your singular by default feminine because it's biologically feminine ohm means mother and a mother is always feminine. And common is a sorry, the the type is common by default
is zero i This is the a&e ending, but it is it's light, the a&e ending but light. So the I the irony becomes i
and that is still noticeable, Joe and it's still dual. And it's masculine by default and it's common by default.
All right, that's 10 I'm going to stop here and take questions or comments.
Duel and pair in Arabic is Muthana
Muthana.
There was no class yesterday it's every other day.
Number nine isn't it Nussle job?
No, number nine, no, it's not. If you look,
if you look at the placement of the Shuddha and the tween, when you have the vowel underneath the Shuddha then that means it's Kasara if it's above the Shuddha that means it's Fatah. So in this case it's not a man this is all men or men because it's underneath the shudder.
How is unhealed feminine? We will get to that when we get to that inshallah. If that's an example here. I don't think I've covered it yet. Yeah, I'm on 10 on how to 13 So we'll get to that jello
give me one moment I have to
I have to add Facebook to the stream. I hope I can do that right now.
Okay
I'm on page 17 right now
is good catch. Number eight is this is a mistake in the in the workbook it shouldn't be singular. It should be plural because Omar represents a group of people
Well Matt is a group of people so it's plural by meaning.
So much should be plural actually
if you
nice calm corner plural.
But are they always feminine or masculine? As for feminine and masculine
NASSCOM and Karan those are all masculine. They don't have a reason to be feminine.
Oma on the other hand,
it has a reason to be feminine, which is the term or Butoh.
And I believe
actually
I'm gonna I'm gonna table this because I'm thinking there's an example in the Quran. Will Mattoon Muslim atone inserted Buckler Bukhara
Yeah, well, mutton Muslim mutton and in that case, it's singular and it's feminine. So I'm gonna go ahead and say that we'll stick to what's written here what offer singular feminine and common
and I'll have to double check on this. I believe this is a case of it can be treated in both ways. It could be treated as either plural or singular depending on the you know rhetorical implications
but so this would this would be a correct option here are five singular feminine common
yes so in the case that I gave you the example from from Surah Al Baqarah it's treated as she singular feminine
So, we'll go with that as the answer inshallah.
After intensive three go on to intensive for Inshallah,
for the one who's asking,
How is nine feminine nine is feminine, because it's biologically feminine. Ohm is mother and mother is biologically feminine.
Status status tells you the role of the word in the sentence. So
whether it's the doer of the detail, or after of, okay, we are 30 minutes in to the class and I've done one page, so I kind of want to speed up a little bit here. I have to cover 10 pages inshallah. So, I'm going to finish this section here and then I'll take questions again.
So our Isa, Isa is a is a name a non Arab name, but it ends in Elif Matsuura. So because it ends in Elif, Matsuura, it's non flexible. And that means that it could be either or fairness of origin. And it's singular by default masculine by default and proper because it's a name. I'll food Jerry is
Jr. Because of the customer at the end for jadie.
The E tells us Joe, it's plural.
It's a broken plural.
I don't remember what the singular version of this actually
Give me one moment
okay,
I'll put out is is the, it is a human broken plural.
And you would only know this by looking up the word. So alpha is a human broken plural, it means it's referring to wicked people.
So this could be because it's a broken plural it can be treated a few different ways. But we're taking the literal meaning of it, which is plural because it's a broken plural masculine by default and proper because of Elif lamb.
And how and how it means rivers, so this is another broken plural, and rivers are non human. So the EU at the end and how who tells us it's Rafa, non human plural is singular, feminine. And it's proper because of Elif lamb. And NAS. This is another plural by meaning. The the customer on the scene tells us his job and NASCI
it's plural again by meaning it's masculine by default, and it's proper because of Alif Lam Sahai Irani the Ernie ending tells us it's Rafa and it's dual masculine by default, and common by default.
I'll me Nina, the INA ending tells us pneus of origin, it tells us also plural, masculine by default and proper because of Alif Lam, a third Marathi the atty. Ending tells us NASA Voyager 2013. So this is a thin but it's it has a flap so we can have fun when.
So this becomes t which tells us not support your and this is a non human plural again. So this is singular and feminine. Thermalright is fruits, fruits.
So again nonhuman plurals are always
singular and feminine.
And then it's proper because of Alif Lam. Sir hidden. Sir hate in the end tells us John, it's singular by default masculine by default common by default. Me Nina. Ina tells us no silver jar, it tells us plural, masculine by default and common by default, subby Lin the in tells us it's jar. It's singular by default Seville means path.
And it's feminine because the Arabs said so Seville and Pauline were up are both they both mean like a path or away. And they're both a part of that feminine because the Arab said so list. And it's common by default.
Alpha on Alpha on the at the end tells us it's nestled it it's singular by default, masculine by default and proper because of Alif Lam.
Meriam is partly flexible, it's a non Arab name. So the at the end tells us of origin because it's partly flexible, singular. Just one person singular by default feminine because it's biologically feminine. Meriam is a is a feminine name. And proper because it's a name.
El Mala ICA te l Mala ICA T is a broken plural, this means angels. So the E at the end tells us it's Jo.
It's plural masculine. Because angels and jinn and humans, they all fall into the human broken plural category. So because it's angels, and they fall into that human but well here instead of humans, you can you can better think of the category as beings of intellect. I'm not sure if I've mentioned that, but beings of intellect are all they can all have that una ina ending and they can all fall into the human broken plural category. So melodica are are in the beings of intellect category. So that's why this is a plural we'll keep it as is plural and as masculine by default
even though it has a Tamar buta that in and of itself is not enough of a reason here because this is an exception.
And it's
it's proper because of alpha.
A somewhat again, this is the earth in ending and because of the Elif lamb, we have to remove it and when, so it becomes ad t. And this is pneus of origin. And it's feminine because of because of that, and then it's singular because it's again
A
non human broken plural
somewhat means skies, multiple skies. So this is a non human broken plural, non human or sorry, not broken. It's a non human plural. non human plurals are always singular feminine. And it's proper because of Elif La
da Lhasa This is Arabic for Dallas, Dallas, Texas, which is a non Arab
or sorry not non Arab name it's a name of a place and places are generally partly flexible.
So this is partly flexible so the at the end tells us pneus of origin
it's singular single one place it's feminine places are feminine by default and it's proper because it's a proper name
yesterday again another name of a place so same exact ruling the at the end homelessness of where Joe places it's a single place is singular, feminine, because it's a place and
proper because it's the name of a police.
Our D the E at the end tells us job one one art is singular by default, or is another feminine because the Arabs said so. And it's proper because of Alif Lam
or Sue Lani the journey ending is a combo it tells us is Rafa. It tells us it's dual masculine by default calm and by default, Al feely II at the end tells us your singular by default, masculine by default and proper because of alpha
Waller then
well admins boy, so this is the urn at the end tells us is Nussle it singular by default masculine by default and common by default.
Okay.
I'm gonna pause there and
see if there are any questions
Why is 12 plural
12 is plural it's a broken plural. That's why
it's a broken plural.
17 is singular B.
Anytime you have a non human plural, it will always be treated as singular and feminine. Semara is a non human plural, it means it's the plural of fruit. So this is fruits. So this is because it's a nonhuman plural it's treated as singular feminine
Yes,
looking up words, is going to be something that you're gonna have to get used to if you don't already know the word, it's difficult for you to recognize it's it's for properties properly without knowing what means what it means or what it is what form it's in.
14 is not feminine because the Arab said So you're thinking of plural because the Arab said so this is a plural because the Arab said so are a plural by meaning.
Moriyama is not only pneus of its pneus of origin.
24 without considering the sound we need to look at the meaning first Is it
a samosa tea
Yeah, if you looked at just the sound itself, you would come you would you would get to singular or plural and feminine and that would be incorrect.
So you're right about that Fatima, you would need to know that this is a non human word. And that's how you would get the correct answer.
non human plurals Humla I am sure that that it was covered.
All non human plurals are a singular feminine Yes. Regardless of if it's a sound, plural or
are broken plural. If it's non human and it's plural we treat it singular and feminine
No, number 12 is not singular and feminine because it's not non human. For gel is human.
For gel is human.
It's a human broken plural.
Number 24 has asked at the end.
And normally, normally that would be a plural, but we have the, the the little asterisk. Always remember this, burn this into your brains. nonhuman plurals are singular and feminine. Treatment wise, treatment wise, we treat them grammatically as singular and feminine. This is a plural meaning wise, right? There's two different categories in meaning it is plural, somewhat is plural, it means many skies, but treat grammatical treatment wise, because it's a non human plural, we're going to treat it as singular and feminine.
Right da, it does not matter if it's broken or not. As long as it's non human, and plural. It's singular and feminine.
Hum, now Rosu Lani. If you look at the knee itself, then you would, you would have made a mistake. Remember, we always look at ending combinations before ending sounds. So here we do have a combination that overrules
how to tell broken plurals and non human plural
it's really difficult to tell if you don't look up the word.
The Muslim chart will get you part of the way because you can recognize una iina endings, and the atom atom plurals those you'll be able to recognize but broken plurals the only way you'll be able to tell it's a plural is either you already know it is or you have to look it up.
Why is 21 singular 21 is singular. By default there's no reason to call it proper. Or sorry, there's no reason to call it dual or plural. That's why.
Okay, let's move on
we started 30 Okay, 31
yet?
Yeah, 10. The urn ending tells us is nestled. It's singular by default. It's feminine because of Demmer boudoir. And it's common by default. Raji or una. The una ending tells us it's rougher and it's plural. It's masculine.
Again, we're ending or by default, you could say either and it's common by default
or Eman. Own ending tells us is Rafa, singular by default masculine by default common by default, Raju Laney Aney ending tells us isness of origin and that it's dual. Its masculine by default, and common by default. I'll clear my tea. I'll pm Matty the E on the TA at the end tells us it's Jo.
It's singular as well. By default, it's feminine because of the time reboot by the end and it's plural because of Elif law, or sorry, its proper because of an exam not plural.
A law Felina ina ending tells us pneus of origin. It also tells us plural, and it's masculine by default, and it's proper because of Alif Lam al Jana Taney. Ayni are sorry, not at Daini ending here. Dany ending tells us distance of origin, and its dual and its feminine. We get all that from the Taney ending. And it's proper because of alpha.
Mercury June. The own ending tells us it's Rafer, singular by default, masculine and common by default as well. Use SuFu
use of is a non Arab name. It's partly flexible. That's why
We don't have the own ending. Instead, we have EU, just EU.
But that EU still tells us it's an offer and singular and masculine. And it's proper because it's a name, IB, Lisa, again, non Arab name. It's partly flexible.
So the app tells us it's not of origin, singular by default masculine by default and proper because it's a name UL hosts now,
the left Matsuura at the end makes it non flexible. So this could be either offer na sub origin, or it could be any of the three.
It's singular.
By default, it's feminine because of the pattern that it's in. Its feminine because of the pattern, the host na and the the host snap pattern. It was CORBA for Allah. So on these, this pattern is always feminine. And it's proper because of Alif Lam.
And Nisa, this is not so because of the ending. It's plural.
It's this is a human broken plural. It's a broken plural. And it means women
and as feminine biologically, because women are feminine. And it's proper because of Alif Lam
or renew or re who the who the EU ending tells us refer it singular by default it's feminine because the Arabs said so and it's proper because of a Teflon or none. The urn ending tells us it's nestled. It's singular by default masculine by default and common by default.
Misra Misra is a place
and it's places are partly flexible. So this could be either Nussle origin
and this is singular by default feminine because it's a place and plural because it's the name of a place.
Mash ju buena owner ending tells us refer plural and masculine and it's common by default. I'll also see the E ending tells us Jo singular masculine by default and proper because of Alif Lam kita Boon own ending tells us ROFR singular masculine in common by default.
L. SWATI a Swati, the E ending colorless job.
It's now this is markets, right. So this is a broken plural, the meaning was given to you. Markets is a plural of broken plural, and its non human, non human broken plural, or sorry, non human plural in general, means singular and feminine. And then it's proper because of a flam. Number 10. Again, the meaning was given to you. This is a non human plural. So the art in ending tells us it's not support gr. But then because it's it's a non human plural. It's singular and feminine. And it's common by default.
Again, same thing here, a South li ru, non human, plural. So this is singular and feminine. The EU ending tells us this offer, and it's common by default. Elia lamina. Ina ending tells us no soldier and plural, masculine by default and proper because of Alif Lam. Shah he then in ending tells us its job. And it's singular, masculine and common by default. Mash a fool then, in ending tells us is your singular masculine and common by default and nejsou.
The EU ending tells us it's Rafer, singular and masculine by default and proper because of Alif Lam L. Amara. The ending tells us it's nossob, singular and masculine by default, and proper because of Alif, Lam
and alula. Again, this is non flexible because of the Elif Matsuura, at the end.
So this could be either or fairness of origin, it could be any of the three.
It's singular by default. And again, this is another one that falls into the same pattern, a listener, a Gula. These are the same pattern. This pattern is always feminine, and it's proper because of a lift law.
Any questions on this exercise?
Okay, so let me kind of do a quick overview. There are the regular masculine plural and feminine plural. Those are the ones that we have in the Muslim chart. Masculine plurals are una ina endings. Feminine plurals are add to an add in endings. Then we have two other ways a word can be plural. When we talked about number we gave four ways, right? Masculine plural, feminine plural, then there's broken plural. And this plural by meaning, so broken plural, is any plural word that does not contain the original word in it, right? So for example, Muslim, Muslim to Muslim Moon, the original word Muslim is still contained in the word mostly Moon has Muslim in it.
Same thing for a lot of these other
a lot of the other words in this in this
in this exercise, I mean, the singular for Ireland mean is Ireland. Right? So ILM is still present in the word, my jus boon, the singular is mash Jube it's still there. These are all not broken. These are masculine or feminine plurals we call them sound plurals. The opposite of broken plural is a sound of plural. Okay, so my job is a sound plural. aalameen is a sound plural, but in actually no button. What was skipped that one that one's confusing.
The law of feeling is a sound plural, the original the singular word is often.
Raji, Arun is a sound plural the original word is Roger Rasulullah. And well this is a dual.
A summer what one that one's confusing to me noon is a sound plural, the original word is movement.
Thammarat
is a sound plural, the original word is thumb up.
Mackay theme is a sound plural, the original word is Mac if. So for all of these sound plurals the original singular word is still contained in the plural. For a broken plural the original word is
and how the original word is Na, na, you still have the root letters, but they're mixed up. Now the original word isn't there anymore. Na isn't present in unhaul.
Let's What's another one?
And Nisa, this one's very different, the original word is imra imra. It's completely different. imra to Aneesa. To completely different from its singular form.
For re, re is singular, the plural is the idea
for Mala Iike, the singular is malloc malloc, to Mala Iike. So anytime the plural changes up the word in some way, that's called a broken plural. Now broken plurals can be either human or non human. But that just depends on what it what is describing what is it a plural of if, for example, alpha gel. Alpha is a plural. It's a broken plural, but it's talking about people. It's describing wicked people. So this is still human.
But for example, markets markets are not human. So it's plural is a non human broken plural. I hope that makes sense.
Da Russell Rasool does not have a huge, masculine plural, it has a broken plural, the plural of Rasul is Rousseau loon.
Iblees is a non Arab name IBLEES has a nationality when we say Arab, we don't mean Arab, the nationality we mean Arab, the language, the name IBLEES
does not originate from the Arabic language.
The singular of Nisa is imra imra.
Why is 49 not plural? 49 is not plural because it's non human. Non Humans are always singular and feminine. non human plurals are always singular and feminine.
to reconfirm number 14, is it a human broken plural? Number 14.
No, it's not a broken plural at all. This is a plural by meaning this word is singular. The word enough is singular.
But it's describing a group and that's why we say it's plural, it's plural by meaning.
So, tin is also treated as singular feminine. It not not always, not always it can be, it can be treated as singular, feminine. Not in, in this case it is because it's describing
a non human.
Again, anytime the key here, the key for all of these is, anytime you're dealing with a plural, that is non human, non human plural, then you're going to treat it as singular and feminine. Regardless, non human plurals are singular and feminine. The ending doesn't matter. The type of plural doesn't matter. non human plurals are singular and feminine.
Elif Matsuura does not mean singular and feminine. I live Matsuura just means non flexible, that has to do with status or all fairness of injure.
The words that Gula and Husna. It's not just the Elif Matsuura that's making them feminine. It's the entire pattern of the word.
So you'll notice
in alula, and in a listener, number 41 and number 57. Each look at both of them. Notice the pattern of the word after the Elif lamb. The first letter has a llama. The second letter has a sukoon. The third letter has a Fatah and then it ends with an Elif Matsuura. That's what we mean when we say pattern.
The letters can change but the sounds remain the same hosts na Gula earlier CORBA.
So Fleur, so on. Those are all in the same pattern, the pattern Hosana and the pattern hula is feminine.
It's not just the Elif Matsuura.
to lob is a broken plural Yes. All lib to lab. All lib is a single student will not is many students
for the feminine because the Arab said so words.
Their plurals
are not necessarily no they're plurals are not feminine.
Because the Arabs had so as well, as far as I'm aware at least. But for all of those words, their plurals will be feminine because they're non human. So they'll still get treated feminine regardless.
Number 45 is complicated, because missile is an actual word.
That means like city and you can you can find this example in surgical Bukhara
as well, it could be to miss Iran. So in this case, it's not talking about Egypt. It's not saying go to Egypt, it would be to miss Iran. This is a go to the city that they were talking about in the context of the eye, so missile a it can mean either Egypt or it could mean just a city. When you're talking about the the general meaning of a city then it's going to be
fully flexible Mr. Ron Mr. Moon, Miss rain, but when you're talking about the place Egypt, then it's going to be partly flexible. Miss Rue Misra surah.
Nisa is a broken plural, but it's not non human. That's the key. It's not just broken plural. It's not just
plural it has to be all this whole thing. Remember this entire phrase, non human, plural, non human and plural it has to be both non human and plural. If it's non human and plural, then it will be singular and feminine. In this case, Nisa is a plural, but Nisa is human. It's human, so it will not be singular feminine.
Number The meaning of 43 is a type of wind wind
Yes I left Matsuura and thermal buta and I left them do they do indicate feminine, but ASA is a masculine name. So we cannot say that it's feminine, it's biologically masculine. So regardless of its ending, it's going to be masculine anyway just like the name Hamza, just like the name Baja, just like the name Hooray era, these are masculine names, so they will always be masculine.
A broken plural is any plural, that does not preserve the sound of the original singular word.
It if any of the vowels of the original singular word are changed in any way, then when it goes to a plural then that's a broken plural.
5151 is feminine because it's a nonhuman plural
what's the singular 47
Horses it's already singular.
Oh, sorry. No, it's not it's this saw this saw is the
wait, hold on. No.
Yeah, Costas is already singular.
nissaki be treated as N Ge TT.
Uh, you're right. But I don't want to open this door because it's going to confuse everybody else.
Okay, let's move on. We're already at an hour. So I want to kind of move over these next few pages kind of quickly.
Okay, pronouns. We covered these. I'm sure. If you went through the 10 day then you should have memorized these. The pronoun chart who Elmo whom here Houma. Hoonah these are the third person. He was both of them, they, she both of them and they feminine. And unto my antem auntie, Auntie Emma and tuna. These are the second person so you, both of you, all of you, you feminine, both of you. And then all of you feminine, and national are the first person me and we and then there's the attached version of each one.
And these are always proper, these are always always always proper, the independent versions, which are in the white boxes, these are always going to be or offer the attached versions which are in the gray boxes are going to either be Nussle or job
okay, perfect independent pronoun is always refer attached pronoun is Nussle, only when it's attached to either a half of muscles. So, you know, the, we talked about in NACA and Aleta like in Allah Allah, the these are the roof nozzle.
So anytime an A pronoun a pronoun is attached to a hurtful facade, or if it's attached to a feral, it will be Nussle if it's attached to a house of John or it's attached to an ism then it's going to be job
okay, this is just * on practice is an A it could be here or here depending on what you're describing.
My again my is talking about me. So it's Anna.
She here. I think this is pretty straightforward. If there are any questions about this, let me know. But I think I'm going to skip this section
and we have a long way to go.
And we're already an hour in
Okay,
give the four properties of each of the pronouns and translate the pronoun nationals we national is independent. So it's sort of a, it's all of these are proper, so I'm not going to say it every time every pronoun is always going to be proper.
So national is refer it's independent, and it's plural mean we as multiple people, well, it could be dual or plural.
It could be dual or plural.
And it could be masculine or feminine depending on who you're talking about.
Kuma is the attached pronoun in number three. So it's going to be in it's attached to a it's attached to a pharaoh
done sudo is affected so in this case it's a it's muscle
it's dual Kuma is dual and Ultima. When attached becomes coma and it's it can be masculine or feminine.
Ha the attachment in half again it's attached to a female so it's going to be nestled her is singular and feminine. Her comes from here
and it means she or her it. Huma means both of them. Huma is both of them. And again it's attached to a feral it's going to be nestled
Houma is dual and it could be masculine or feminine. And tuna is an independent pronoun, so it's rougher
and it is the second person plural, feminine. And tuna means all of you women
are Li Na, na is the attached version of national. So this is going to mean us and it's attached to a half of Java Allah. So this is jar
and it's plural. It could be dual or plural actually. And it could be masculine or feminine depending on who it's describing Kitab Hakuna COULDNA is just like Antonia which we covered already in six.
It's attached to in ism. So it's going to be job and then plural and feminine and tuna is it's plural and feminine.
And
it's independent pronoun Anta meaning you masculine, so it's independent refer singular by default and masculine.
Masculine by default. Go mi the Attach port on here is Yeah, and yeah, is the Attach port on version for Anna when it's job. So Anna has to attach pronouns, ie for gr and ni for Nussle in this case is E so we know automatically This is Joe and an AI is singular, and it could be masculine or feminine. Home is independent. So it's refer and home is masculine plural
is still fair, who
who is the attached version of Hua
so this is masculine, and it's attached to a ferret. So it's Nussle and it's singular. What are the comb comb is the attached version of unto them unto his masculine and it's attached to affair and so it's Knutsson Houma is an independent pronounce words refer and Houma is dual. And it could be masculine or feminine. Fi Hiner Fi is a half of gr So hiddenite will be job Hiner is the attached version of Hoonah.
So this is plural and feminine.
Be under Home. Home is the attached version of home. So it's masculine plural, and it's attached to a house of nossob. So it's nestled Nasiru Huma
Huma is the attached version of Houma. So this is dual and it could be masculine or feminine, and it's attached to a in Assam. So it's Joe. Here is an independent pronoun and sofa and it's singular and feminine. In ne ne here again, it's the attached version of i and knee always is muscle.
And I is singular and masculine. Hana is independent pronoun, so it's an offer and it's plural and feminine. Gulu home home, the detached version of home, it's connected to an essence. So it's Jo. And home is plural and masculine. And it means I it's independent pronoun, so it's rougher and it's singular masculine or feminine. Sorry, it could be masculine or feminine.
Yeah, de he he is the attached version of Hua so it will be singular and masculine and it's connected to a
it's connected to a Farrell so it's going to be Nussle.
In the knee again just we actually we had this one twice. We covered it already up here on number 19.
Men who mean is a half of gr So who will be job and who is the attached version of Hua which is singular masculine I'll be ha ha is detached version of here. So this is singular and feminine and it's attached to a ferret so it's going to be Nussle are a comb. Comb is the attached version of unknown unto him is plural masculine. And then Allah is a half of job which makes comb Jo b He again he is detached version of Hua so it's singular masculine, B is a half of job, which makes it job.
Rob beaky key is the attached version of Aunty Aunty is singular and feminine and it's attached to an Islam so its job and finally you are li Munna. Na is the attached version of national so this could be plural, and it could be masculine or feminine.
And it's attached to a fair so it will be Nussle.
Okay, so it looks like there are no questions for that. So let's move on to page 21.
And this is where we start fragments. So we have five fragments. Again I'll run through the I'll run through these quickly and if there any questions let me know. The first fragment is the lava lava is the of fragment the possessive fragment, it's made up of two parts. The move off is the word before of the mud off the lake is the word after of. There are three conditions you need to remember for lava. Three conditions always remember these you should be able to see these three conditions off the top of your head very quickly. And that is the move off has to be light. It cannot have a lift lamp light and no Alif Lam light and no alhfam Remember that light and no Alif Lam
and then the moolah delay the after have always has to be in the gel status as we matured. So remember that remember this light no Alif Lam followed by Joe light no Alif Lam followed by Joe if you remember that you are good to go the mud off and the mud off you they always have to be right next to each other there cannot be any distance and the properness of the entire lava is dictated by the Salafi lay. So if the Moodle off as proper the Moodle off will also be proper if it's common to Mala flow, so be common.
And these are both isms move off and Luffy they are both isms.
Okay, we have our special ml lofts. These words are almost always part of an ID lafa when they come
and the top table generally will appear to you by default in nossob status and then it can be jelt as well. But the bottom table is just like any other ism where it's by default refer and it needs a reason to become a supporter.
Okay
I will I would like to go through the exercise more slowly.
But we're already over an hour. So I have to go through kind of fast unfortunately.
In order to talk about why attached to a feral is nestled and attached to an SMS jar,
we would have to go into the different
properties of Joomla fairly as like a fairly a sentence,
which I don't think we covered in the 10 day. I think we covered Joomla it's me only.
But basically basically when it's attached to an ism when a pronoun when a pronoun is attached to an ism, it's always going to be in Lhasa and that's why it's always jumped because the mafia is always joke when it's attached to a feral it will almost always be a detail and details are always nestled
okay
yeah the hula Jana This is a feral. So, this cannot be an offer.
And also agenda is Nussle it should be job if it was in a buffer, but essentially then again, the second word is not Jo cannot be in a buffer that the him this is a special mobile off and a pronoun. So this is an this this yes, this is no because again, the second word is not Joe.
Bohan is an ism connected to an ism, which is a pronoun, this is an lafa The second word is not your it cannot be in a buffer.
The first word is not light. So this is not an enlasa in number eight, the
Yeah, this is like Noah flam and it's followed by John we're all good here.
So, the first word is not in Assam. So number nine is cannot be in enlasa the first word in number 10 has a flap. So that does not work
in number 11 light and no Elif lamb baina and then followed by a gender pronoun that is in Lofa UK Sarah light in hola flam followed by Joe che in we're good this is also an offer our bar late in hola flam a sure followed by Joe this is an offer us a new light in our lifetime. Armor learn not followed by God this is not an unbeliever qilta light in our Lifelab agenda teeny followed by Joe. This is in a lawful manner. Ah, this is actually in Islam.
And it's not followed by Joe. So there's two ways you can say this not even Lofa Yo Ma late in our live lab, had G followed by Joe this is an offer us harbor light in the Wolfram Alpha haffi followed by Joe this is in a buffer Hua is
you could see this is like an old flam we will be wrong if you said that but if you don't if you're not familiar with what Hua is, then you can say this like no Allah and Allah Who loves La Jolla, Allah is not Joe so this is not an Ibaka
Maji Mara light in our flam el Bahraini followed by Joe this is an Lofa
what are the noon not light so it's not in a buffer
or a boo light in all of them. Followed by gel SMRT This is in lava Jen Natta light in all Islam. Followed by Joe QA. This is an offer of Lady light in olam nuff sin followed by Jorah This is an offer of a light in hola flam. Gulu will be this its job so that's one Ababa and then Kulu B is also light in all of them connected to him which is your as well so this is to IB offers of La La Kulu B and Kulu B him to IB offers so was born in not light not in a Botha ma Hua ma who is late in all of them. How is connected to it and it's your so this is in LA for about wha hoo light in hola flam who is Joe so that is an lafa
be either been
this is not light so it's not in a lava ah yeah tea light in all of them. Allah He loves La Jolla is job. So this is an offer this is above Dooney is a special Mullah and lawful jalala is job. This is an above Acaba is like no Laflamme Urashima is not Jarrah. So this is not in a lava
mood the team
muda is modality is light in our Laflamme and him is John. So this is good to go. Yeah the light in all flam not followed by John this is not in Ibaka el wala two it has a flam so this cannot be in a Baba Au is a special mode off. l his beanie is your. So this is an Boffer
Kula light in our firm and this is also special Rudolph model solid his job. So this is good as well or a blue light and I will have them connected to comb which is job. So this is an Laufer masala lady Nola flam. Al hayati is Joe. So this is an above Maori Bud Light in olive lamb a Shamcey followed by Joe so this is in a loft of a full rune is not light. So this is not an A Boffa
what are the is light in olive lamb love flagella is Joe. So this is an offer number two is like no Laflamme a lot of the is jar so this is an offer.
I'm going to skip all the ones that are either offers you can see them that they have the wise and all of them are going to be a golfer because it's late in our lifetime follow Joe I'll just explain the nose. So lat is a health so this cannot be in a buffer
about the episode number 51
The first word has this cannot be in a buffer number 52 Heather
Hi that isn't isn't a shout out which
I guess is fine. Let's just Let's for argument's sake say it's like notify them. Roshan Mattoon is not Joe. So this cannot be in a lava.
If number 53 The second word is not Joe, it cannot be in a lava number 55 The second word is not Joe this cannot be in a lava.
Number 50 Number 65. The first word starts with other flam. So it cannot be in a buffer number 66 The second word is not Joe. This cannot be in a lava number 67 The second word is not Joe. This cannot be in lava. Number 68 The first word is heavy. It's not light. So will love has to be light. This cannot be in lava. Number 69 The second word is not Joe. This cannot be in Lofa and that's it for these
any questions on
the unlawful practice
Okay, then let's move on and Shala.
PAGE 24
Fill in the blanks with the pronouns. GM means you all.
So, yourselves. Again cool means you all in Belgacom. So, you're again. Zoo Crew for ha ha is from here which means her.
Um Runa Na is from national which means us but us command doesn't make sense. So our command coma home home is them. So their nation Luhan again, it's her or she so we say her family Jude do the who who is from he.
So we'll say his boundaries.
McCann comb comb is from unknown. So this is you all. So your place be Methley he again he is from Hua which is he and so we'll say his with his example, family Omaha umahi. Same thing here his same pronoun than for his mother, Lee Hina Hina is from Hoonah which means all of them feminine. So we'll say their family in the Hoonah Same thing here, one of them then feminine plural. Shoraka will come comments from unknown which means you all so your associates.
And so Ducati Hina Hina from Hoonah again, meaning them them feminine, so their marriage gifts. I'm a li the E is from Anna which means I so will say my action or my work or Becca cat is from Anta and that means you so your Lord
and same thing or similar similar practice, this time with special Madoff's related means without or other than So, late will help is other than the help or the right justification is how it's translated here what all means behind what So, what are Akun behind all of you have also means behind him is them. So behind them. Folk law is above or over if not Taney is to women. So over to women level is before him is them before them. Bob means some cool means you all so some of you all
Boehner is between naught is from national which is us or we so between us a you means which home is them which of them.
Boehner again between a low octane two sisters, so banal octane between two sisters, what is behind that the comb means that
okay, I'm just gonna go with a written definition because this is a bit of a comp, a little bit more of a complicated example. But you're really the point of this is really to know what all what all means behind. Laguna lagoon means, especially or possessing, in this case will do especially lagoon and then the attached pronoun is not from national. So, especially from us, especially on our behalf, in this case, bar that means after battlefury law after the obligation, do not means other than or without. So, do Nadal ik Other than that, or without that
are in DECA or in the Kimmins with or have or nearby or indica means you have or with you, either one. Folk AHA folk lies above her is her or it so folklore her above her above it, that is under so that the sheduled are under the tree. Being a human being is between Houma is both of them between both of them
special mood lofts when we covered last time there was a table or two tables actually of words that are
frequently they frequently appear as Moodle awful, awfully. PAGE 22. Thank you for those
Okay, most often slifka is another fragment. Again, this is two isms is an SME some fragment.
The first word is the most oof, that's the word being described, and the Sefa you can have many SIFAT but a CIFA is the word that comes after. And it's describing the most of
these can have space in between them. They don't have to be right next to one another, but they do have to match in all four properties.
So this is the opposite of English. In English, we have the description first and then we have the adjective or sorry, we have the description first and then we have the thing being described red car car is being described by red,
but in Arabic the order is reversed. You have the thing being described and then the adjectives
okay. So most of being described comes first and then CIFA the adjective comes second here and here we have some examples and they have to mention all four properties
okay, I think we'll finish page 26 And then we'll stop
because we are almost we are we are at half an hour overtime now.
But let's run through these very quickly. So here we're talking we're trying to find the properties of the of the highlighted word 30 learn
so we can see the unending tells us is muscle singular, by default masculine by default common by default l Culebra. This is describing the word Alma so as we know we know that emotional and silver have to match an offer properties so if you're looking if you're trying to find this the properties of a move or a sofa you can look at the other one for help. So here I will Cobra we can see that we don't know it status, because it's not flexible, but if we look at a bomber, bomber, we see that it has a Bama so this is Rafa That means I'll Cobra is also going to be profile.
It singular by default it's feminine, because of Allah Matsuura and because of the terminal buta on Obama,
and his proper because of Allah flam, social fermata ha rotten, it's also because of the van. It's singular by default, it's feminine because of abdominal boudoir, and it's common by default. Bella
Bella, when own tells us refer singular by default masculine by default common by default, su rune, we can see from the meaning here that this is a plural, beds, multiple beds.
So this is the own tells us it's refer, bed is non human, non human plurals are always treated as singular and feminine. So this is referred singular feminine and common by default. And this is where the grammatical treatment comes into play. We need to know that sudo is a nonhuman plural and singular and feminine because when we give it a CIFA, that CIFA does not match the meaning, right? It doesn't match it by meaning it matches it by its grammatical treatment. So because sudo is a non human plural, and it's treated as singular and feminine, its adjective will be singular and feminine, more for attune. Not more for two and it doesn't have the two ending. It just has a
singular feminine ending.
Go as Finn McCool OS Finn is your car is a half of your OS is the ISM
it's singular by default masculine by default common by default, a LFOs will Kabiru it's the EU ending tells us Rafer singular and masculine by default and then proper because of Alif Lam now on her Mia own ending tells us it's Rafa, singular, by default, now is feminine, because the Arab said so and it's common by default.
And lastly, Lulu Maney er T Maney. This is nurse of or job. And actually, this lamb here is a half of John. So we know for a fact that this is John actually, it's not actually in a sub order. It's just John.
And this is dual Aney ending tells us dual is masculine by default, and it's common by default.
Exactly good of us. Perfect.
Learner, what that line means, okay, as long as answered you, but I'll say for everybody, what does the line on page 26 mean? Let's go there.
What does this line mean? This line means that n is some if it's not human plural, it'll have it'll look like a plural in and of itself. So we had an example here. Surah. Surah is a plural it's a broken plural, but it's not human. So if you were to look at just this word by itself and you knew what it meant, it means beds, multiple beds, plural. Then you if you wanted to give it a CIFA
you would not give it a plural CIFA because it's non human, non human plurals are treated for