Tom Facchine – Beginning Classical Arabic Lesson 32
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The speakers discuss the nuances of noun and adverbs in Arabic, emphasizing the importance of an agreement between the two. They stress the need for agreements in a gram meantime and the use of "mon" and "mon" as examples. The speakers also touch on the use of "order" and the importance of "will" in Arabic, as well as the use of "will" in a sentence. They briefly mention the use of "order" in spoken language and the potential for it to be a hub for clothing. The speakers also discuss various examples of sentences and their meaning, including a book, a phone, a car, a bird, and a family.
AI: Summary ©
This one
will have
more slots was salam ala Ashraf an MBA almost so you may be you know Latino Muhammad Ali he
was good to Slean Allahumma eliminated be May and found Allah and found that the more I learned to know as either the element the Arab than on me so that when they come up with the cattle everybody Good morning and welcome to beginning classical Arabic we have an exciting new lesson for today. So let's get to it
first of all introduce the concept to the slides and then
we will get into the lesson in the book insha Allah
so, we are learning about today adjectives. Okay? An adjective
is something that describes a noun.
So if you have a noun, such as a pen,
an adjective answers the question, well, what type
of pen? What more information about this pen? Can you tell me? Is it a blue pen? Is it a black pen? Is it a large pen? Is it a small pen? Is it a ballpoint pen? Is it a? I don't know whatever other kinds of pen there are.
Alright, so adjectives are inherently tied to nouns. Okay, as opposed to adverbs which are tied to verbs, which we will learn later shallow.
So the question then becomes, what's the what's the relationship between the adjective and the noun that it describes? That's what we're going to be looking at. There's basically two things to keep track of agreement between the adjective and the noun it describes. And the order in which the adjective or noun appears.
What's the word for adjective? In Arabic, there's two acceptable terminologies for it. There's not four, which sounds a little bit too much like the English not, which is why we won't be using this though, if you come across it, it's important to recognize that that's also what it's referred to then not. And then there's CIFA, or CIFA tune if we're going to pronounce the timeout of water. And this is the one that we're going to be using in this class to avoid any sort of confusion about what we're talking about. So if we said that every adjective is inherently tied to a noun that it describes, then in Arabic, this noun that is described, it has a name as well, it is called mo Souf.
Right, so just like we have mobile often will bosconi Lay. It's a pairing, we have CIFA and Mo Souf. Mal Su is on the phonetic pattern of meth rule, which we will talk about later. But it basically is the past participle, something that is literally described if CIFA is a description than most Souf means something that is described.
We mentioned that there's two things to look out for when we're talking about the relationship between the sofa and the Malsu. The first thing is agreement. Okay? Arabic is a little bit different in English, because the CIFA has to agree with the MO Souf and four key ways.
Right? Let's take an example in English and we'll see why this is so different. If we say I have one black pen,
or I have five black pens, the word Black does not change. It is the same regardless of whether the noun and it is describing is singular, or is plural is masculine or feminine, even though that in its in itself is less than English. It's the same all across the board and Arabic note. The sofa and MyLSU have to agree in four key ways they have to agree in number. They have to agree in gender. They have to agree
In a grammatical case, and they have to agree in Definity. That means if it is a definite noun
or an indefinite noun, we'll look at these one at a time.
So let's look here we have
number. How does it agree in number we have, if the noun is singular, then the adjective it's describing or describing it has to also be singular.
If the noun is plural, then the adjective also has to be plural. If I'm going to give you an example in Arabic, I could say
Muslim
merge tag aid, right meaning hard working. I think we had this before. Mostly mon merge chahiye done
a hard working Muslim let's just make it a full sentence here for good measure Hua Muslim woman much tacky doing he is a hard working Muslim.
What if we're going to make it plural?
Home and I don't believe we've learned all of the subject pronouns yet.
Mostly Munna and don't worry about the plural forms we will learn them this is part of our guys do. Yes, exactly.
Home mostly mourn, mage,
Tahi. Dune, and we will learn the different types of florals and how to form them later. That's part of what we'll be doing with by introducing the idea of CIFA and no sofas, it gives us a segue to eventually move to talking about plurals and plural forms. But right now, it's sufficient to know that the adjective has to mirror the
noun that it describes in number. So here this is singular much Tahitian and then which to he do is the plural form and it matches the noun that it describes mostly men mostly more.
Moving on to gender
the adjective has to match the noun and gender if the noun is masculine then the adjective has to be masculine as well. If the noun is feminine, then the noun assuming the adjective has to be feminine as well. And we saw this a little bit before
so if we say who
mostly mon
much to he doing, you just use the same example minimize the variables
okay, then
if we say here
Muslim
Muslim atone
a feminine version of Muslim much Turkey that's one we have to make the adjective feminine as well
which Tehila to him
so as you see, we have Muslim masculine MGTOW he doin mass masculine Muslim atone feminine mage tacky that's one feminine
moving on,
please anybody any questions please interject in the chat or unmute yourself.
The CIFA and no sofa have to agree in grammatical case we've only listed two here but this is this rule applies to all of the cases. If the noun is in the nominative case, if the noun is modal for then the adjective also has to be more floor.
If the noun is majeure, or in the genitive case than the nap, the adjective describing it also
has to be measurable in the genitive case.
So all of our previous examples, who are mostly mon moje Terhi doing we saw how
I'll just write it out just for good measure.
Mostly Mon. Ah, with a Bama which means it's more for it's part of the Hubber right? Mostly one. Merge chahiye doing much tight he don't have to also have a llama
to mirror the noun that describes.
Okay.
What if we had a different scenario where it wasn't going to be more for? Let's be crazy for a second let's make it the object of a verb.
We haven't really learned verbs yet that's okay.
Well 82 which means I saw
mostly men
move which tells me then
in this case, the noun is in the accusative case is the object of this verb. What did I see? I saw
a hard working Muslim mostly men, mage chahiye then
if I wanted to give an example in the genitive case,
I could say well use another verb that we haven't studied yet. Pardon me for that modal tool which means I passed by
b
Let's just keep it all the same mostly mean
much to Hayden
I passed by a hard working Muslim I walked by him
so the CIFA and MyLSU have to agree in
case as well
and finally
the sofa and those who have to agree in
their Definity whether they are definite or indefinite
okay
definite and indefinite. So in our previous examples we had
hola
Muslim on
much time you don't
and notice that not only did Muslim
have a one month but it had two bombers dama tain right.
It had 10 ween, which indicated that it was indefinite a Muslim,
one of many Muslims and some which had also had to have 10 wean to match the noun that it describes. What if we moved this up into the milk to that and made it Marisa
made it definite, then it would have to follow the noun that it describes. And it's becoming definite What if we said l Muslim or
L which Tahi do
is in the message field MSG
Okay,
I'll mostly immobile monster hero Phil Majidi
this translates as the hard working
Muslim is in the masjid, we have our move to that and our club.
But the move to that is a little bit more interesting and complicated than the move to that, that we have been working with before. Because we've added Dallas CIFA and the MO Souf, we have more information about the moped than just you know the name of the person or the occupation of the person or anything like this, I will mostly model which Terhi do.
Since Muslim is definite, and we can tell it's definite, because it has le flam, and it only has one bomber instead of two.
Then the CIFA, which describes it has to mirror that completely. We put an ally flam on it l much to he do, and it will only have one bomber instead.
The second aspect, all of this was talking about agreement. Okay? All of this was talking about agreements in Arabic, the sofa and also if the adjective and the noun describes have to agree in for things
we did not talk about, but we've seen in the examples. Now the second thing that we have to keep track of which is order, word order, as you've noticed, the order of CIFA and Mo Su is flipped from English. It rather is more like the Romance languages, where we have the noun coming first, and the or the most Souf coming first. And the CIFA coming afterwards. Right? So in English, we would say the black pen, oh,
we have black, which is the CIFA and pen mo Souf which comes after the CIFA No, in Arabic, it's flipped. It's the opposite of Muslim all that's the noun, that most su l moisture he do. That's the sofa. And if any of you know I don't know what Urdu is, but if anybody knows any romance languages, this is also the order of the adjective and the noun in romance languages as well.
Um, Sister masala that's a question in this case, how come hubba does not need to be Nikita, are we talking about this example here with MSgt?
Yes, because it's a prepositional phrase. If it were a simple cover of one word, it would have to be neck, you know? Like if was a simple if statement. Why, let's say if we said buried, right, we wanted to say how close is the hard working Muslim? Almost a million which did he do about are you doing? He's far away or body when he's very close? In a simple cover? Yes, it has to be if the Hummer is simply made up of an essence
then it has to be next year. However with a prepositional phrase that's not necessary that stops becoming necessary. It can be either we can say film SGD
in the messy them or we can say Themis, GTIN in a MSG, it no longer becomes a requirements
with a prepositional phrase that the the Hubber be nekkid are necessarily
good. Anyone any other questions about the theoretical aspects of this all before we get into some practice?
What?
I'm sorry?
What if you were just saying he is a hard working Muslim?
No, not Oh.
Well, okay, I guess so. You can't see other Muslim animals as the hub because that's right. Okay. Yeah, you got it. Exactly. Exactly. So it has to do with what we can put in the hub. Lots of things can be the hub of that we introduced the hub or to everybody in the simplest way possible, which was just having an essence as a hub.
Now, the hub can be stiffened ozouf, in which case it would be NEC euro as well, because it's just two isms at the end of the day, but lots of things can be the hover we can have a prepositional phrase as the hover we can have a Joomla Farah Lea as the hover we haven't seen that yet. Right. So once we get away from the land of Islam, and the hover the rule of it being neck Iran doesn't apply any longer. Right
that rule was more specific than what we introduced it as. And it seems like it's caused some confusion. So I should have probably introduced it as a more specific rule and a less general rule than I made it see.
So we can actually say he is so if I wanted to say he is the most hardworking student that is possible, most hard working student would be something else that then we're talking about. He is just the hard working student
body booster heater that is possible. Who are appalling.
That wouldn't, that wouldn't.
No, we wouldn't say that an Arab we can we can. I'm sorry. How can we can say who Allah. Oh Allah.
I'll have to look into that.
Many things in Arabic, sometimes there's called to the
right. So there is like something that is unspoken. That basically completes the grammar rule.
Right? Because even like, Oh Allah is not a complete sentence, right? Is there a complete ayah in the Quran is just who Allah we have who Allahu Allah had done.
Right, which is a complete sentence you have who Allah Who and that's actually the book to that who Allah who is the Messiah that I had. This is called better that we haven't learned better yet. This is the process of giving someone multiple titles within the same book to them. He the doctor, the Alanna Alpha hammer, a hammer, all these sorts of things, right? You're kind of going on titles, titles, titles, and then at the end, you say I had done is unique. That's the hub.
Right? And even Hula, hula de la ilaha illa, who El Malecon right, to the end of it.
Is there anything in the Quran it's just simply who Allah Who? No, I don't think? So the whole argument hashtag, that's all.
Allahu lovey.
I'll have to look into it. Because it's all it's all. It's all. Yeah, I mean, okay, sorry. Good, that's good. I'll have to look into that, I'll have to follow that up. And this is actually one of the benefits of, you know, Tafseer. There's different types of fasciae. Right, which is the plural of Tafseer. So you have some Tafseer books, they're just talking about what the companions said about these verses, then you have other types here, they're specifically linguistic analysis. They're breaking all the stuff that we're doing down there breaking down the core, and this is multi that this is called Motor this is this This is that. So it's very beneficial to get into that, that
sort of stuff. So I shall I'll try to look at it and see what is the what's going on there.
Good.
I'm sorry to bother you. Can you please just repeat just a point about so the hover being being indefinite is,
is not hard and fast, right? Basically, the hover being indefinite is like a training wheel rule. Right? More has to have more applies to simple habits that are strictly Esma that are strictly using ism. However, once the hobble starts to become more complex, prepositional phrases Joomla fairly Yeah, that that rule doesn't even make sense anymore. Right? Because, like, let's say for example, if our hover is, let's say if he's a Muslim on which techie do college, I mean, MSgt.
Right. Our hover is a is a second sentence, the Joomla Lea, it doesn't even make sense to analyze a Joomla fairly and ask is it Nikita? Or is it Malefor?
Because nekkid on Maui for only applies to so.
Right. So that's kind of the scope of the rule is more limited than what I what I had introduced at first.
Good, no, it helps to be precise. This is very useful, not a bother at all. Anybody else any other questions? Before we get to the book
okay
here we go.
Does a tacit the ninth lesson
Oh, all right.
So we'll go exercise by exercise. I'll pick out two people at a time and you all can go back and forth. So let's take Mohamed Tesam and brother to me. Could you tackle these first three lines together?
Sure.
Min has a module on
who is on
ibehre su tagit on
best suited you don't know any yawn
Okay, so okay and go and that was just you brother to me, right? You did all that.
Yeah. Brother Mohammed. ahead and do the next one.
Hamedan
Lakota so soon.
Motors soon
Chedid.
Oh, man, ha that module? Who is that? Man who does? He is our best. Okay, now we're getting into our CIFA Millson. Paris. Avani means rich, wealthy. Like it's one of the names of a lot a lot of money. Let me God means new.
Okay, so we see that our two pairs of sip and no soup here
are
tags you don't have on the human
modal reason Jedi do
notice how they agree in all four things
that we have mentioned before.
So do they agree in Gender Tag Do you don't upon EU and yes, they do. Do they agree in number tattooed on the singular colony unit singular? Yes, they do. Do they agree in case tags you don't according to brother Tamim and that was correct. Alana Yun both of them with a bomba. And finally, this one has a 10 week because it is neck Iraq. It is indefinite. And so does Gandhi. We have a very very similar thing here with well done very soon. Jedi don't they agree and all those four things.
And they are both in this. In these two examples. They are both part of the cover. Right Ibis is the move to that. And tad you don't know by me Yoga is the fabric. Which is why they are both smartphones, and why they are next year.
Good. All right. Moving right along.
Sister Mr. Ross. Could you please with Sister Semin do the example with the apple so system was on rots do the first line the second line seven
then
has that too far from
there who? Thank you. Oh, do I have to say this? Yes.
At tufa who fuck you had a fact he had to lead fucky hatoon?
Lady that Very good. Excellent work both of you. Okay, sister seven. What in this particular exercise is the CIPA most of pair whereas Jackie had
fantastic very good system of sub rods. What is the gender of the sofa and most hoop in this case?
It's feminine. Good and how can you tell?
Tell me anything? Very good. Sister Semin, what is the grammatical case of the sofa and mostly in this in this example?
Wonderful. Yes, exactly. Excellent. And I'll raise you a harder question. Why is it?
Because it's the ending.
Is everyone hearing me okay. I think I mean,
the methane.
Okay. That is the sign of a beam.
You're right. It's the sign of the beam is that it's done. But the what determines whether it's more important is its position in the sentence which is, in this case, public
Right, so if we're breaking down, this sentence is a Joomla Isthmian. Right, it's a it's a LoL sentence sentence that begins with
two parts, our subject predicate for the Arabic moved to that hub. And the rule for the move to that and the hover is that both of them are wonderful.
By default, unless we get something else that changes that for some reason, but if there's nothing else to change it then that means it's going to be more for more food. And that's what we see here. More for over here, or for over there. And over here.
Great job both of you. And we can tell because it's the hub and because it's just an SM in the hub,
it is Nikhil right with 10 week key her tone
lovey the tone and I'm not sure if did we have back here as a vocab word are not yet faqih has fruit
Yeah, I think so. Aviva is delicious. That these are masculine maybe that for
just in case anybody needs a refresher
good
excellent work.
All right, moving right along
Okay, our next example is with this bird. Let's say we have
sister arrow
is it just you today are you there with your husband?
Yes.
Okay great. I would like both of you to this this exercise. So one of you do the first time
second and the other do this
okay.
Mazhar Lika
Lika for
us food Tyrone cerebrum
What is this?
That is a bird
that bird is so the small
small so we have bought Iran. So Iran
and severe means
very good.
So, what do we have here? What is the CIPA mo su pair that we have in this exercise?
Tyrone Severen Very good. Excellent. And we noticed that both of them are
we know most of them are more
we noticed that both of them are
indefinite because they are
and both of them are singular.
We see how they agree in those four things.
Great job.
Moving right along Okay, the next the next one kind of spills over
to okay it's actually two lines. So we'll have the say of family you can split that just someone for the first line and the other one for the second line
our be a two
tone Sahil Latin
Al Arabiya to Nova tone Jamila tun very good excellent job now these are some of the words here we have melatonin which means language and Salah tone which means easy look at how they're trying to encourage you.
So via to lower tone Sahana tone means that Arabic is an easy language, masha Allah and here Ana via to Lola, Jimmy Latin I think we had a meal before it means Beautiful.
Okay, and we notice okay, we're there making it very easy for you just giving you very basic sentences Joomla SME with all of our examples of CIPA most of our in the Hubbard
Okay, in this case, each of them are singular. Each of them are feminine, some or buta. Each of them are more food because they're the Hobbit and each of them have 10 We because they are Nikita and part of The Hobbit
it
and it looks like Inshallah, we will be able to finish this exercise and now we'll take a stand up class time.
Okay, so we have two more exercise. I'm going to draw a line here.
Oops.
Right here. So this next exercise here, brother to me, and Brother Mohammed, my cousin. So brother to me through the first line, and Brother Mohammed, welcome to the second bye
bye barley bone, which to hit on? Very good.
One golden tileable Castellano, very good, that's not as lazy.
Awesome.
Right the animal was thought they call it a Tesla, the lazy one.
So we have again, same thing, but a very good job in this exercise.
Making the sentence structure the same very easy. Okay, so it's Joomla ischemia.
And all of our sifos Soup pairs are in the public, which is eliminating a lot of or I should say, isolating a lot of the variables.
They're both going to be more for because they're part of the house. They're both going to be next year, because they're part of the cover. And they're only so
they're both singular. And they are both masculine.
Finally, last exercise our last example here, let's have a system muscle lots and seven
men into
Oh, sorry.
So can you hear me?
Yeah, so I've asked men enter and now since there's seven responses at this point, I let
you guys
know and death only when Judy Donna and I thought they didn't. Very good. And a very easy example. Same exact thing. Right? We have a Joomla ischemia,
the CIPA MyLSU Perez in the hub, it is masculine masculine, more for multiple, singular, singular. And Nikita.
And that takes us to the end of this class. Anybody have any questions?
Simple enough.
Right? They did a very good job, you know, authoring the question. They really, really keep everything very, very consistent. We'll find there's wrinkles on this, like I showed you in the in the notes about how, what if we have the CIFA MyLSU pair in the mock today? What if we have it as part of the object of a verb and so on and so forth. But they did a very good job, just isolating it, just putting it into the humbler of the Joomla Izmir so you could get the basic idea.
And so next time, we will explore some more difficult scenarios. Okay. If there's no questions, I bid you good day and show up. And thank you everybody, for your your time, your attention and your effort.
hamdulillah
Okay, thank you.