Taimiyyah Zubair – Taleem al Quran 2012 – P03 038C Tafsir Al-Baqarah 282-283
AI: Summary ©
The importance of writing a contract and being a witness in court cases is emphasized. The need for at least two testimonies is emphasized, and the importance of providing evidence and privacy for the privacy of the person. The importance of trusting each other and avoiding hiding information is emphasized, as well as the need for privacy and privacy in publicity. The importance of privacy and privacy in publicity is emphasized, and the need for a written contract and security deposits is emphasized.
AI: Summary ©
Are the bIllahi min ash shaytani R rajim Bismillah R Rahman r Rahim.
So, far we have learned about the writing part writing the contract part.
Now, there is another thing that is involved when it comes to such a contract. And what is that the witnesses so, A, you have to write down this transaction and be witnesses have to be brought to witness that transaction. So, Allah says was Tashi do and seek witnesses seen that what does that indicate seeking? So ask someone to bear witness from sheen? hada Who are you going to ask to bear witness Shahe they need two witnesses. Men from regionally come your men Regina is a plural of Raju and Rachel is a man not a boy but who a man and not a woman but who a man. Remember that Rajul is not person because person can apply to male female, young old
but Rajul is who? A man masculine M A N. Okay. So what does she do? She he danisha He then is a dual of Shaheed majorly come from your men. Now notice how it says your men? What does it mean by this your men?
What do you think that means?
From your tribe, from your family? But what if a person is traveling or a person doesn't have any relatives? Like many of us living here? We don't have any relatives in this country? Yes. Muslim. Okay. So the first condition is the witnesses have to be Muslim.
Secondly, it has also been set admitted to Jellico means that the men have to be free men, not slaves.
Why not slaves? Not that we have slaves right now. But when there were slaves, why weren't slaves allowed to bear witness to such contracts? Because slaves are owned by their masters? And if their master says, you're going to give the wrong testimony, then what is it slave going to do? And what if that slave is sold? Or he's freed and he goes back home to another country now where they're gonna get that witness from? So this is the reason why only the free people. So the first condition is Muslim. Secondly, free then from the word Regina, what do we understand that they have to be grown adult men. So Shaheed Nene Marie Janica. When it comes to Catherine, Catherine, the scribe we
learned earlier, the word is Kathy Boone, any scribe, it could be Muslim could be non Muslim, even. And we see that at the time of the whole affair. There were people who are non Muslim, but they were professional scribes. But when it comes to witnesses, they have to be Muslim. Why? Because the witness is saying, I swear by a law. If a person doesn't even believe in Allah, then they can say I swear by Allah and say the wrong thing. But if a person has Iman, it is more likely that he will speak the truth. So what does she do Shahida imagery Janica.
But what if
a person wants that a woman should be a witness? Let's say a man is taking a loan and he wants that his mother or his wife or his sister or his daughter, because they are heavily involved in financial matters, he wants that one of them should be a witness to that transaction. Is that possible? Yes. Allah says for him, then if lumea corner they are not your corner, dual, They two are not meaning the Two Witnesses are not Raju Lainey. Two men are julaine doula fragile, meaning of the Two Witnesses are not men. Why? For whatever reason, it doesn't mean that a woman can only witness when the men are not present. No, even in the presence of men, a woman can be asked to witness it's up to
the people involved in the loan, the debtor the creditor to decide who the witnesses are.
So for in the Mucuna julaine. If the witnesses are not two men, then Allah says follow Julian than one man and one attorney and two women in Ramadan is a duel of imra and imra is a woman then one man and two women are going to witness that contract. But these witnesses whoever they are, whether it is two men, or one man and two women, whoever the witnesses are, Allah says they are going to be who made money from those people who don't loan you all are pleased with Mina Shuhada. From witnesses you heard that Florida Shaheed meaning they should be such individuals who are acceptable, acknowledged for their honest
Tea, they have a good reputation in the Muslim society. And notice the word dog loner, this is plural not duel. You all refer to the Muslim ummah, not the creditor and the debtor, because the creditor debtor might say, No, I don't want this person as a witness. The other will say, No, I want him to be the witness. The other says no, I don't want her to be the witness. And there's no I want her to be the witness. So if the witnesses are left with the creditor debtor, then there will be an endless dispute. So who can the witnesses be people who are well respected, accept accepted as righteous, honest people in the society? Who can the witnesses be competent, acceptable, trustworthy
people known in the community?
So for example, an uncle from the masjid okay. Like we typically have neurosis uncle from the masjid this uncle comes to the masjid regularly. Have you ever been to their house? No, but you just know them to be a good person. He's always there. You know, at the masjid. He comes five times a day is there at Juma time he's there when it's Ramadan. So he's well respected in the community, all the people know him. You understand? So my mentor dominar Shuhada people who are accepted in the community, even our bursa Lauren who he said once that Shahe there in the Regeneron marble une region on marble Yun, meaning people who are accepted, approved off by the Muslim ummah, they bore
witness in front of me. And he was referring to the Sahaba one of them was a model that outline who and then he narrated the Hadith that are morally lower and who said such and such that the Prophet sallallahu sallam said such and such, so he used the word Dijon mandala Yun, meaning people who are well known in the community accepted, they have a good reputation. So memento, Dona Mina Shuhada.
Now, what do we see here? Who are the witnesses? Two men? And if not two men, then one man and two women.
I have a question for you. Can you have only two women? as witnesses? Only two women? No, you have to have two women and one men. Another question? Can it be for women? And no men? Because if you think about it, one man is being replaced by two women. So can you have first person replaced by two women and the second man replaced by two women? No. It's not about the woman's testimony being half not. It's not about that. It's about having two people as witnesses. Now we see that originally there are two men, that's ideal. Why? Because when it comes to financial matters, who has the responsibility been laid on the men? But does that mean that a woman cannot have anything to do with
financial matters? Of course she can. But primarily, this Lord is on who? The men this is why the men have to be a part of this.
But if you don't want a man to be a witness, then you can have a woman obviously. But then you cannot have one woman, you will have two women, why two women? What's the reason behind that? Why not just one woman? Allah gives a reason over here. And what is that reason? Um, that meaning just in case, the biller, she arrives, she makes a mistake, that we live under letters bla bla bla bla, what does the LOL mean?
To get lost to go astray? So she is testifying? And halfway through she gets lost? Was it 2000? Or was it 20,000 And women are very good at such things. I'm not saying that men are not but women are good at this. So I'm tellin ya Huma, just in case one of them errs, she makes a mistake. Then Fatou that Kira, then she will remind to the Kira del kufra. She will remind who will remind the Houma one of them to a okra the other. So just in case one forgets then the other will remind her oh hello from the rulers Hamza ha.
This means that the testimony is not going to be given by both the women
that both say together, we bear witness that such and such amount was borrowed on this day and was to be returned by this person on this day. No, both of them don't give the testimony together. Only one of them gives it but just in case she forgets then the other will remind her so this means that both of them are allowed to discuss and talk even during the testimony. And the Lila if they're humor
For two that Kira is the human O'Hara. Now,
why is it that a woman, you know, she has mentioned that if she forgets, then the other will remind her and for the men, this has not been said that if he forgets, and the other will remind him.
When it comes to the testimony of the men, each person's testimony will be taken separately. So basically, you need two testimonies. What do you need two testimonies. So, the first person who says, I bear witness $20,000, were taken.
The other witness, he says, I bear witness that $25,000 were taken. These are two testimonies, two separate ones. So what you need at the end of the day is two separate testimonies. Now in the case where there are two women and one man again, the man will say, I bear witness $20,000 were taken, and the women, one of them says, I bear witness $20,000 taken but the other minds are no, it wasn't when he was 20. If I remember, he said such and such and then he said, 25, which is Oh, yeah, it was 25. Okay. So the point is that if the men their testimony contradicts that it will be rejected.
It will be rejected, but the women, women, their testimony will not be rejected, why because both are allowed to discuss amongst each other, they are both allowed to discuss amongst each other. So their testimony will not be rejected, whatever they decide, agree within themselves, it will be taken. But if their testimony contradicts the testimony of the other man, then it will be rejected. Do you understand? If the testimony of the women contradicts the testimony of the man, then both the people their testimony will be rejected? Why? Because there is a contradiction. So it's not about having two women testify at the end of the day, what is it? Do testimonies that you need? But then
why do you allow two women to give one testimony, and one man to give only one testimony why this is, you can say creating ease for the women. Allah subhanaw taala is very, very gentle, very loving, and very caring when it comes to the women. We think this is not justice. This is not equality. You know what Allah is being extra nice with you. And there you are saying, Oh, we want the conditions to be more strict with us.
I always mentioned this, that I see girls with their buddies with their friends everywhere. Even when they go to the washroom, isn't it? One is using the restroom and the other is waiting outside for her holding her jacket. One is putting on makeup and the other is watching her. Yeah, do it a little bit here. Do a little bit there. Just fix it from here.
Can I smell your perfume? Can I take your cream? Can I borrow it? Which one is it? Constantly? Girls aren't together. You won't see this with boys. That one is in the washroom and the other standing outside with this deck.
You'll never see them. That one is doing voodoo and the other is telling him fix your beard from here.
Or fix your hair from here. Never.
Girls need girls, isn't it? They feel happier. They feel relaxed. They feel more secure. Isn't it? You feel more secure when you're with your friends? Yes.
She's saying that she wants in a comedy show that when a man wants to go to the washroom, you'll just get up and go. But when a woman wants to go, she will tell her friend, let's go to the washroom.
So imagine if she doesn't feel secure going to the washroom alone, please come with me. I don't want to go alone. You think she's gonna want to go to the court alone? And bear witness alone? You might say yeah, I'm able to do that. I don't need a new friend. Yes, you may be but the majority of the women, okay, considering that we have different kinds of societies all over the world, different kinds of women. This is why this rule has been given. And this is also to protect a woman so that no one can oppress her. No one can tell the woman you know, for example, the husband or the uncle or another individual, you better say 25,000 Otherwise, you're done.
Because if she says 20 Her friend will say no, it was 25 Do you see what I mean? So the girl is being protected.
Allah is being more lenient with her as opposed to the men. So this is for our own protection and for many other reasons, which don't need to be discussed over and over again. But the main thing is that Allah is protecting the woman. This is why he has said that in case she forgets than the other will remind her
and also remember that only when it comes to certain matters, then it is that the testimony of two women is required. Okay.
or that two women are required to be there. When it comes to other matters, then the testimony of one woman is also sufficient, where the testimony of a man will not be accepted.
So this is not that in every situation in every kind of court case, do women have to witness? No, it's only in certain matters. For example, when it comes to family law, family law, who knows about families in general, all the relatives, who's good at that the women, they know, okay, you know, we had that great aunt who has that niece who lives in this country in that city. So when we're going there, we're going to visit and the husband has really, I don't even know I had that great honor that cousin and so on and so forth. The husband doesn't usually know who knows, the wife knows typically. So when it comes to family law, the testimony of woman is accepted, especially in the
case of Rhodora when it comes to suckling, when it comes to suckling a child, nursing a child, then the testimony of one woman is accepted. For example, there was a case at the time of or a sandal did or and who, where a woman had nursed several children that were not her own children. There were different children from various families, she had nursed them. And we know that if two people have been nursed by the same woman, then they have the relationship through the law, which means that if it's a boy and a girl, then they both cannot get married. They're like brother and sister. So they don't have hijab between them. They're Muslim to each other. So it happened that she nursed many
children, and all of them grew up and some of them did not know that they were all nursed by the same woman. So two of them, a man and a woman, they ended up getting married. So this woman said that no, I nursed both of them. And she went alone. And she testified and her testimony alone was accepted. Another man was not brought. Another woman even was not brought. Only the testimony of one woman was accepted. So remember, when it comes to these laws, you know, being a witness? It's not that Islam has a bias against the women. No. In certain matters, the woman has been given extra protection, extra comfort, so that she is safe. She is not harmed. She is not exploited.
So for to the Kira, Docomo, okra and also remember that given testimony is not a privilege. It's actually a huge responsibility. Has anyone Have you been to a court? How is it serious? It's serious. You know, you watch those shows on television. Everything is so serious and people start crying and you know people lose their emotion sometimes they're not able to control themselves so a woman is given comfort that you're not alone here your buddies with you.
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One Shuhada then Allah says that the shahada, the witnesses, Shahadat, florala, Shahidullah Shahid, they should not refuse either man whenever the rule they are called the rule from the rule letters that line well, so whenever the witnesses are called, they should not refuse. Now, when would the witnesses be called
at two occasions, primarily, one is at the time when the transaction is being recorded. So for example, the transaction is being recorded and it's being recorded in the masjid and the debtor he goes and gets to uncle for the masses and he says Please Uncle, can you please come and testify this witness this transaction and they say okay, they come and they sign over there, that yes, I bore witness to this transaction, such and such amount was taken by so and so on.
And it's to be returned on such and such date. They're given a copy of the contract, they keep it. So they're called to witness the transaction, should they refuse? No. The person should not say no, no, please keep me out of this. I don't like these messy things, you know, money, very messy, very dirty, I don't want to be a part of this piece, keep me out. No, your friend needs your help your brother, your sister in Islam needs your help. And if you are available, they need you, they need the money. So don't refuse when you're called as a witness. And as a witness, you will not be held responsible in the sense that you don't have to give any money. You just have to witness yourself to
help facilitate the transaction. Secondly, another time they will be called, hopefully not, but they might have to be called in court to witness the legal document is presented. And the witnesses say that yes, I was present on that day, that evening, in the masjid, when these two individuals they can and the other witness was so and so. And this transaction was agreed upon.
So if he is called the first time or the second time should he refuse? No, he should not refuse. So whenever the witnesses are called upon, in order to witness a contract, or later to testify to what was the contract, they should not refuse.
The Prophet sallallahu sallam said the best two witnesses, the one who comes forward with this testimony before he's asked about it. So even though you're not called, but you know that you should be there, you should help solve the dispute, then go ahead.
So when I ever show her that, oh, either Maduro then Allah says, Well, let us go back to writing the contracts, while others, this mo seen Hamza mean, Sam, Sam is to get tired and bored of doing something. Because you have to do it again. And again, like you get tired of doing your lesson because you have do it seven times. And you say, You know what, I know I've done it two times. Tomorrow, I'll get through the groups. So forget about it. And when the dust comes, then you're in trouble because you haven't memorized so you don't know. So sama is worth to get bored to get tired of doing something because you're doing it over and over again. Allah says, Well, let us move on,
don't get bored, don't get tired, and duck taboo that you record it that you record the transactions. So the Quran, oh Quran, whether the transaction is sullied small, or it is could be, or it is big, silly from the letters. SOT Elaine, Rob Kabir from the letters, Canberra. So whether the transaction is small or big, don't be too tired to write it down. Don't get sick of it. In other words, write it down. It's good for you. Ila jelly until it's appointed time meaning until the loan has to be returned that term has to be recorded. Why? Because then he can that or you all a consult or in the law. It is more just in the sight of Allah acts up off simple. What does this mean?
Justice. So it is more just in the sight of Allah. And this in particular is that everyone, whatever right the deserve you give it to them. There's that element of giving everyone the nosleep the share that they deserve. So, it is more just in the sight of Allah. How is it more just how is it more fair,
that no one will suffer the creditor he will get back his loan and the debtor whatever he has to give only that he has to give not more, not less. So it is more fair in the sight of Allah. What oppo Mo, and it is stronger leash shahada for evidence meaning it is stronger as evidence acquired from the doctors cough well mean it karma is to make something established. So ACOEM it is more established, meaning it is more authentic, it is stronger, it is more proper, it is more firm, it is stronger, the shahada for the evidence meaning as evidence.
In other words, one is that you have people who have witnessed the transaction. And the other is that you have a legal document on which the details are written and the signatures are there. What is stronger is evidence the people or the document, the document,
you know, it is notarized, stamped by a lawyer, you know, the legal signatures, everything is there. What is stronger is evidence, the legal document. What would you trust a document or people document the witnesses are there just as an extra help? But the main thing is the legal document this is why Allah says what ACOA militia had.
What Adena and more likely more closer and then from there, whatever is dialed in, well, the know is to be close so as to know more closer, meaning it is more unlikely
When you have documented the transaction alert or taboo, that you will not be in doubt the taboo from FTM. Lawyer, but if the job is to entertain doubts, so it is more likely that when you have recorded the transaction, then you will not have any doubts.
Because if you keep everything in your head, then it's possible that you get confused later. You're not sure whether it was 20 to 50, or whether it was 20 to 25. You're not sure whether it was the first Monday of the month or the second Monday of the month? Because you're a human being. It's quite possible that you're supposed to travel somewhere in the second Monday of the month. And you get confused that no, it was the second Monday of the month that he was supposed to return the loan, you get mixed up. Doesn't it happen with you that you have a dentist appointment and a doctor's appointment, and you know that you have two appointments, and you end up going to the doctor's on
the time when you were supposed to go to the dentist? It happens sometimes with people they get confused when there's too many things. So what's best?
Write it down. So you don't get confused later. You don't forget. So what are the now a lot of terrible.
There's one exception, one exception to recording the contracts. Meaning when is it that you don't need to record the transaction in that except the only case when you will not record the transaction is in law and the corner that it is meaning the transaction is the Jonathan it is a transaction, the Jonathan room letters that Jim Ross that Euro yet Drew is to trade to be in business. So unless it is a trade, that is hardly rotten, how little how Llodra what does happen, I mean, to be present. So everything is present there, meaning it isn't on the spot transaction. The money was given, the item was handed over, finished done. The Jonathan held rotten before the two parties leave, the contract
is settled. So in this case, you don't need to write the contract. But still these days, what do people do they issue you a receipt, which helps you later when you have to return or you have to exchange? Or you have to go and say you charge me for three words. I bought only two? Are you charged me for one, whereas I bought two? So a receipt helps. So yes, immediate transactions? It is good if you write them down. But is it necessary? No, it's not why? Because to the Runa have been a con to the Rona, from the reference data, raw data you do is to go around a data you do is to make something else go around to the you're gonna have meaning you make the thing go around, the
transaction just goes around, you give the money, you take the object and the circle is complete. You gave the money and you took the object the circle is complete, to do want to have a intercom it's done. Felisa Alikum Janardhan so there is no blame on you. Allah that knocks duck to boo ha you write it so there's no harm if you don't write it.
Then Allah says what does he do and call witnesses obtain witnesses, as you do, Sheen had meaning call people to witness either when the year two, this is important, the Vayyar term when you trade with one another to buy optimism through letters by name and Bayer is to sell to buy in order to gain profit. So when you do bear with one another, then you call people to witness what is this the buyer. This is a commercial contract. A contract that is you can say a transaction that is big. That is major that involves a lot of money. It's not like you're buying a packet of chips but that you are buying 20 boxes that have 20 packets each of chips. So that's a huge transaction, a huge
purchase. So when you're making a commercial contract, and the payment is delayed due to the nature of the contract, so for example, you buy a house now the house cannot be given in your hand. The legal documents, they will take some time. Even though it is immediate you right there you buying everything still you have to write the details down.
When you're buying food, you can just put it in your bag and go away. But when you're buying boxes and boxes, then it has to be delivered to your house or you have to go wait outside and pick up from the pickup location. So it's a huge purchase. So when the nature of the contract is such then you must call people to witness and this is not larger, but it is most the hub wants the profit
salatu salam, he purchased a camel from someone and he said, I will just give you the money come with me. So the man was following the Prophet sallallahu wasallam and they were walking through the marketplace and then many people were asking about the camel that if the Prophet sallallahu Sallam has not bought it yet, man, please buy it. There were people who were interested in buying the camera, and there were people who were making greater offers. So the man was like, Okay, you're gonna make the money now or I'm gonna send it to someone else. The Prophet sallallahu sallam said, No, I bought it from you already. Just come with me so I can give you the money. The man said call
witnesses to this. So one of the Sahaba he said, I'm a witness to this type, the Prophet salallahu Salam did purchase the camel from you.
So the contract was made you did agreed to sell this to him, he bought it from you, he just has to give you the money. This wait for a few minutes, the nature of the contract is such that he couldn't hand over the money to immediately. So in these matters will actually do it at the bottom. So we see that in these matters. Recording the transaction is not necessary. Writing it down is not necessary. But it's best that witnesses are present.
So we see that transactions are different types. Some are immediate, others are small, others are big. For some, it's best to have the record as well as witnesses. For others, it's best to have just the witnesses and not the record. So depending on the nature of the transaction, do whatever is best, unless you do eat at the bottom.
Then Allah says, Well, are you gone? Well, Kathy Boone. Another important point that the cat is the scribe he should not be harmed. You bla bla bla bla bla bla to harm someone. How would the scribe be harmed?
He may be threatened, that you better change the details or else your wife has killed. You know, when it comes to big contracts, then people give such threats or you're going to lose your job. You're fired, or such and such will happen. So Allah says, Willa, you borrow Kathy one. The Catholics should not be harmed while our Shaheed Nor should the witness be harmed.
The witness should not be harmed, because sometimes it happens that if there is a person who witnessed a particular act, then the criminals what do they do? They kill him,
or they threatened him if you dared go give the testimony, then you will see the consequences. Then in some bigger cases, people have to be given witness protection. So Allah says, Well, are you law rakibul Well as Shaheed why because the Catholic and the Shaheed have nothing to do with your mess. They're just fulfilling their duty as a good citizen. So don't harm them. It's nothing personal here. They're doing you a favor, in fact, by recording the details for you by witnessing for you. Whether you love or Katelyn, Willa Shaheed and there are different ways of harming the scribe or the witness. Sometimes a witness or a scribe could be harmed by, you know, not being paid for their
services, or by being harassed again and again. The witness has told two o'clock in the night, please come, you have to come right now. Witnesses for me, or you have to come take a flight and come to the city. I mean, he's paying out of his pocket, so don't abuse him. Because remember the one who harms another than what happens to him. Allah Hermsen Muladhara love Allah who be the one who harms and other than Allah will harm him.
So Allah Allah Cathy bone, wala Shaheed Allah says we're into further and if you do so, meaning you harm the scribe or the witness for interval then indeed it will be for Su Combi calm it is a sin on your part. For soup Fisk, it is a great sin on your part.
Meaning harming the witness or the Scribe is not something that a small it's actually a sin, a sin for which a person will be held accountable, punished on the day of judgment for a novice who can become it could be a means of erasing your good deeds. Allah says what the Kulla have fear of Allah when you're a limo come Allah and Allah will teach you you fear Allah and Allah will teach you. Allah will teach you what what to do, how to do.
You have fear of Allah and Allah will teach you should you write the transaction should you only call witnesses or should you not do anything about it Allah will teach you. The Taqwa of Allah leads to
fear of Allah leads to gaining knowledge, only in financial matters. No in every matter of life,
in every matter of life, because when a person has fear of Allah, then he wants to make sure that he is doing everything in the right way.
When he wants to do everything in the right way, then he will find out and when he will find out he will search than Allah will give him the solution. Sometimes very quickly.
Sometimes after some time
now for example, what is that? You know, you're like, oh, you know, whatever food it is whatever ingredients they have, I don't care I don't read the ingredients that I don't know and I eat whatever is at the core of Allah know, the core of Allah is that a person becomes careful that if I'm having, you know something with cheese ingredients or some other ingredients I should know what is it that I'm putting in my mouth because Allah has told us to eat that which is an island player. And yes, my mom doesn't know my dad doesn't know but who knows? Allah is watching me. So person has Taqwa of Allah then what will he do? He will check the ingredients. He doesn't know about one or two
things, what will he do? If he has fear of Allah and he wants to eat he will call them up and he will find out. Likewise, you want to make sure that you are doing your will do right Taqwa of Allah, who's going to tell you who's going to check you in the washroom whether you're doing go do it the right way or not. No person will come and find out Allah knows. So if you have Taqwa of Allah, you will find out am I doing this correctly or not? Is this okay or not?
So Taqwa leads to attaining knowledge. The more fear a person has, the more knowledgeable he will become, what toquilla Where you are limit Kamala will love will be cliche in early and Allah is Knowing of everything Allah knows about everything. Allah says in surah, Allah one I have five, that in Allah, Allah Fairlady, shaitan, Phil ugly, what are for sama? To Allah, nothing is hidden from him, neither something in the earth nor in the sky. Anything in the earth in the sky, Allah knows about it. So your contracts, your transactions, the receipts, the purchases, the delay in payment, who knows? Allah knows, it's somewhere hidden on the internet, in an account, on the computer, in a
filing cabinet. Who knows? Allah knows. It's hidden from the eyes of people, but who can see it? I'm lucky. So have fear of Allah and Allah will teach you what the right way of doing businesses what the right way of buying and selling is. So we see that it is the fear of Allah that keeps the person straight, that makes the person do right, in every matter whether it is financial matter, family matter, whatever it is.
That Allah says we're in control of Allah suffering. And if you are on a journey, and when you're on a journey, is it possible that you need to borrow some money from someone? Yes. Very much possible. What if you lose your wallet? May Allah protect you, but what if, or let's say you want to buy something, but you don't have all that money with you at the moment you have it at home, but you don't have it then. So basically, you're buying something but the payment is deferred. It's a dime. So if you are on a journey, while I'm Todd, you do Kathy been, and you cannot find a scribe
back in the day, like I told you, any person could not be a scribe, a person had to know how to write. And these days also, what if you don't get an opportunity to find someone to write the document for you? You don't have much time. Get them even our bus on the lower end who said that even if they find a scribe, but did not find paper, ink, or pen, you have to conclude the contract very quickly. Well, I'm the Ducati man, but it's a big exchange. It's a big transaction. Then Allah says free hand on Maka Boba
Fett he Hana mokopuna. What does it mean? Then a security deposit should be taken.
That he had is the plural of the word RON and RON is a pledge security mortgage collateral, literally, Rana means helps to retain something.
Allah says in the Quran Kowloon of sin be Monica Sabbath or Hina.
Rohan is basically an item that is kept by the creditor as a guarantee
that his property will be returned to him.
And who's the actual owner of that item? The debtor, the one who is borrowing money from him. I remember somebody once mentioned this, that in school, if you wanted the pencil or a pen from your teacher, and people have a reputation of borrowing pencils and pens from the teacher all the time and the teacher know she runs out of pencils and pens all the time. Then a time comes on. She says give me your shoe. Leave your shoe here. Take the pencil. When you're done with the pencil, bring the pencil back and take your shoe. Okay, so that shoe is what Ron it's a security deposit from who from the debtor that you keep my shoe and I'm telling you I will give you back your pen
So when the pen is returned, the shoe will be returned.
This is what Ron is. So Allah says, if you're traveling you can't find a scribe, you're not able to record the contract, then free hand on MK Buddha muda from path bell.com is to grasp to take something to take something in possession. So MK Buddha, it will be taken in possession by who by the creditor, the one who is lending.
And it will be given to him, it will be given to him in his hand, in his name, it will be transferred in his name, but this is temporary.
Now, there are four things involved when a run is deposited. The one is the robbing the one who gives the run, meaning the debtor, the borrower, the law him the one who is giving the security deposit. Why because he is taking a loan.
Second is the Martha hin, the Martha hen is the one who keeps the run and who is the the creditor the one who's lending. So in the shoe example that I gave you, who was the robber, when
the student who was the Mirtha when the teacher, then the Ron, Ron is the object, the item which is given as a security deposit. So in that example, what's the run the shoe? That maroon B? That's the fourth thing, what is my goombay? It is the amount which is taken in exchange for the run.
So in that example, what is the maroon be the pen or the pencil? So these are the four things? What are their law? When would the hint run and maroon be
so funny, Hannah, mock Buddha, who will give the run the Rohin? Who will keep it the muda Hin and remember that this deposit this ROM can be given in four situations. One is on a journey when people are traveling.
Why? Why is this allowance given when a person is traveling because when a person is traveling, then you need a security deposit. You don't know who that individual is. Somebody says Ma'am, please borrow $500 From you, I lost my wallet. I'm a tourist here. And you're like, Okay, you give me your gold ring. And I'll give you $500 You don't know who that individual is, what if he's cheating you what if he's lying to you. He says, Here's my number. And later on, you call the number and says, you know, this is not a number. There's nobody here. So you don't want to get cheated. It's a huge amount of money. So in that case, Ron will be given so when on a journey, because it is more needed
in that situation. But remember, it's not limited to journey only. It's not limited to when a person is traveling. It can also be given when a person is at home. So for example, you're at home, but there's no scribe, it's a small town, no lawyer, no person who can write such a legal document, no one who's aware of these matters. So you can't write the contract, but at least you can give the security deposit. So it's also allowed at home. Thirdly, when the transaction is recorded, the witnesses are there. But still the creditor wants to be sure that his money is returned to him.
Like the transaction is recorded, the witnesses are brought, but the creditor says no, you have a bad reputation.
Or I don't know you, you have no credit history, how do I know you give me something as a deposit.
And fourthly, on a journey, that the contract is recorded, and the login is deposited, you find a cotton,
you are able to record the transaction. And on top of that, the return is also deposited just to be on the safe side. So it's not just on a journey when you don't find describe but also in other situations. So for the hand on Buddha, and notice the word Mokuba it has to be given to the creditor, it has to be handed over to him. The person doesn't say okay, if I don't give you the money, then my ring is yours. No, no, you give the ring and then you take the money, you give the shoe and then you take the pen, it has to be given to the creditor handed over to him. Now a few things to remember one is that in the case of the run, if the run has been deposited, it's not
necessary to write down the transaction.
It is best but it's not necessary. Secondly, remember that the run will be returned to its owner once the loan is returned by him. Once he returns the loan, then he has to be given back his rink. Once he gives the pen back he has to be given his shoe. Then thirdly, the actual owner of the run is the debtor only not the creditor. So you know when you give the shoe to the teacher that shoe does not become the teacher's shoe
No, it is still your shoe. When you have given the ring to the person, that ring does not become his No, it is yours, you are still the owner.
Fourthly, remember that the motor hin meaning the one who has taken the run, in other words, the creditor, he cannot use the Ron,
he cannot benefit from it. So for example, the teacher says, oh, nice shoes can be both, and she wears them. Or the person says, oh, nice ring. And they're wearing it around. And you know, they're washing dishes with it. It's such a lovely delicate band, and she's washing dishes with it. And you know, it gets ruined and gets damaged. And she says not my problem. She has my stuff. So I can use it to know the most the hint cannot use the run, he is not allowed to benefit from it. except in the case where he has to spend out of his own pocket to take care of the run. So for example, it's a cow, you have to feed the cow. Now you're feeding the cow, the cow is producing milk. So can you use
that milk? Yes, you can.
Why? Because you are feeding the cow.
Likewise, it's a cell phone. You're paying the bill every month. So can you use it? I'm talking about not the actual phone, but I'm talking about the phone plan. Okay, you're paying every month $25 for it? Because that was the contract with the phone company. So can you use it to make a call here or there? Because you're going to end up paying the bill anyway. Yes, you can. The phone plan you can but the phone not a good idea. So that's something that we must remember. And remember that the benefits should only be as much as the person is spending on that run.
Not that he says oh, I've milked this cow for so long. In a minute, we'll slaughter it and eat it. No, you can't do that. You can't do that. Or, for example, the cow has a calf, and you hide the calf. No, you can't take the calf and the milk. You can take more milk when the calf is there. Or you can charge the person more money for for keeping both girls or whatever. But you can't take more advantage. So for example, when it comes to this example of shoe and pen, can the teacher use the shoe? Can she know she cannot?
Can she select? No She cannot. It's an Amana. With her it's a trust with her.
Now, one more thing is that the run should be equal to the amount of the loan, it should be of equal or similar value at least. Because it's a security deposit. Right? It's a security deposit that if you don't give me my thing back by this date, then this is mine. Because the term was fixed, you have to give me my money back by the end of the year, if you don't give me my money back by the end of the year that the scar was mine. So this pen and shoe is right. It's not right because the value of the shoe is more than the value of the pen. So this is not fair. Example of collateral is fair, but when it comes to technically in Islamic Shinya, is that correct? It's not you have to give
something of equal value. So very Hernan Mokuba
then Allah says for in and if I mean about the cumberbund some of you Baba calm some of you, I mean, he trusts Baldan so I mean about the combigan that some of you trust others meaning you trust one another there is some kind of informality between you then for you a delivery to Mina Amanda who fell you didn't he should return you at the from the rulers Hamza Dahlia from the word other that they have to return, to fulfill to deliver. So he should deliver who and then he the one who told me that he was trusted. Am I another who his trust who is being trusted, the one who has taken the loan, the debtor, because when you lending money to someone, when you're lending a pencil to
someone, when you're lending something to someone, you are trusting them that you will give my money back, you will give my ring back, you will give my pencil back. Okay. And I know you you know me, we are on good terms, I trust you. So, in this case, no writing no witnesses, and no run either.
Do you understand? In the case where people trust each other,
they know each other
then you don't need to write the contract. You don't need to call witnesses you don't need to give a security deposit. But Allah tells the person who has been trusted with the property of the other that you have been trusted. Therefore you should return the Amana
that when you said I will give you your money back tomorrow then you give it when you said I will give you your sweater back then you give it value at delivery to Mina, Amanda who and someone has trusted you. So fulfill that trust. Don't lose that trust for your delivery to Mina Amanda doe, and Allah advises us Wailea que la hora. And this person should fear Allah his Lord, this person should fear Allah.
That yes, you are in good terms, you are neighbors, you are friends with each other, and you borrowed something from the other. And he didn't call any witnesses. He didn't make a big deal out of it because you trusted you. And then there you disappeared.
You ran away.
Remember, you cannot run away from Allah.
Because he is your Rob, he is your lord Well, yet the killer. If you don't give the hack to the other than Allah will question you about it. Allah will hold you accountable on the Day of Judgment, you will have to give your good deeds to them. So when you're talking to her rapa, this is very, very important for us to remember. Because nine times that happens that we have exchanges with each other. And we don't write things down. We don't record we don't call witnesses. There is no Rohan involved. Why? Because the other is trusting us.
So fulfill that trust. Don't deceive them, don't betray them.
While I talk to my Shahada, and other instruction, that do not conceal the testimony, do not hide it. Meaning, if you witnessed a transaction, then don't hide the testimony. Why? Why am I acting her whoever hides it, for inner who Earth him on Calvo than he is sinful. What is sinful? Fall, boohoo his heart is sinful effing from the roulette prisms. I mean, it missin. So his heart is sinful, meaning the one who hides the testimony, he bore witness to the transaction, and then he doesn't go and testify. Or he doesn't give the correct testimony. Then Allah says his heart is sinful. Why is the heart described as sinful?
Because where's the memory of the testimony? In the heart and mind? And where's that decision to hide the testimony? Where's that decision? Where's that near in the heart?
So the heart is mentioned because the heart is involved in this act of hiding the testimony of knowing the testimony. And remember, that if the heart is right, then the rest of the body is right and or the heart is corrupt and the rest of the body is corrupt. So for endo FM and Calvo
wala who be METAR maluna, Alim and Allah, He is fully aware of whatever you do, he knows about what you do, anything that you do, nothing at all, is hidden from Allah, Be Magatama, Luna, whatever you do. So something you're borrowing something you're lending, you promised another, you gave your word you committed. So Allah knows, people might forget. Others might not know your parents might not know your spouse may not know but who knows? Allah knows. So be careful.
Now, over here, we see that hiding testimony is something that is not allowed.
Meaning if a person has witnessed something, and the witnesses are being called, and he has to stand up,
because hiding testimony is a major sin, remember that? So for example, you know, you can see that someone is cheating. You are witness to that act. You know that someone is stealing your witness or that act, you know, that someone went in where they were not supposed to your witness or that act and later on the matter is being investigated? Who stole who cheated? Did they cheat or not? You saw Allah made you witness that scene. You are not allowed to hide the testimony. Your Eman demands from you that you stand up for the truth. You stand up for justice, because Allah tells us in Surah Nisa 135 that Yeah, are you Alladhina amanu Kuno kawaii Amina will display Shuhada Anila. Well, our Allah
unphysical that stand up for justice, even if it's against yourself, even if it's going to end up harming you still stand up for justice. Because the one who does not stand up for justice in his heart is sinful for a no ethical. And remember that Allah knows notice how again and again, Allah's aim is mentioned that you can't hide from Allah.
And when it comes to financial matters, people become very secretive.
This is how they end up harming others. But remember that Allah knows.
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So should every transaction be recorded? No, which ones have to be recorded.
Those that are major where a person does not know the other. There is a lack of trust where the payment is delayed. It's a little more technical. So in that situation, the transaction has to be recorded. But if people trust each other, then does that need to be recorded? No, but it is still better to do that. It is always better to record the transaction. Now I have a couple of questions for you write them down so that you can discuss them in groups tomorrow. And these questions please get the answers from now study the ayah yourself because a review is very important. Otherwise you will forget it. Okay. One is what is a thing?
What is a Dane? Who is the creditor? Who is the debtor?
Who is the Catherine
what does he have to write?
Who are the witnesses?
When do they have to witness
and what are the additional commands regarding the gutter and the Shaheed that are given in these two verses
with regards to the witness and the scribe that Allah has given in these two verses, so make sure you study the if as you're doing the translation and answer the questions as you're learning the translation Chela tomorrow you can discuss them in groups Subhanak a lot more behind the finish to Allah Illa Illa into the stuff we're going to be like A salaam aleikum wa rahmatullah.