Mohammad Qutub – Quran Tafseer al-Baqarah – Testing Ibrahim
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The speakers discuss the importance of the story of Ibrahim alayhi to see if he follows the same principles as the story of Bani Israel. They use words like "bringing" and "naught" to describe actions and characteristics of Islam, and the potential for the story to be a reference to the use of words like "naught" in Arabic. The speakers also discuss the use of "na" and "brahdis" to describe actions and characteristics of Islam, and the use of "na" in Arabic to describe behavior. They mention the use of "na" in Arabic to describe behavior and the potential for the story to be a reference to the word "naught" in Arabic.
AI: Summary ©
I praise Allah Almighty, and I send prayers
and blessings upon prophet Muhammad
his noble family, righteous companions,
and all those who follow them with right
guidance until the day of judgment. Ameen, glory
be to you, oh Allah. No knowledge have
we accept that which You have taught us.
Indeed, You are the All Knowing, the All
Wise. My dear brothers and sisters, Assalamu alaikum
wa Rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
May
Allah accept from Asanoo.
SubhanAllah,
lots of traffic on the way,
which made me late.
And this is the day where I need
more time
because this ayah needs more time.
We continue with the tafsir of Surat Al
Baqarah, and Allah
tells us,
We said before
that we ended a section
with the verses of
Right? So Allah mentioned
for a long while
the stories of Bani Israel,
and all of their disobedience,
and the favors upon them by Allah subhanahu
wa ta'ala.
And then talking to the Jews at the
time of the Prophet
as well,
and ended with very similar verses to the
ones where that whole section began with telling
them to fear Allah and a day in
which no soul shall avail another.
Then now he comes to Ibrahim alayhi salam.
What is the possible link?
There may be many, subhanallah.
First and foremost,
is that now Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is
mentioning a man
that everyone mentions
attributes themselves to and is proud and honored
to connect themselves to Ibrahim alaihis salam. So
the Jews and the Christians themselves
would like
to establish a connection
between them and
Ibrahim alayhis salam
to the extent that they would claim
that Ibrahim was a Jew or a Christian.
Right?
So Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala in many verses
rejects this claim and says Ibrahim was not
a Jew
nor was he a Christian.
Right?
But he was a submitter. He was a
Muslim.
So
he mentions now the story of Ibrahim alaihis
salam.
If that was
of all of the story of Bani Israel
and their disobedience
and their rebelliousness
was the quintessence
of disobedience,
here we are coming to the epitome
of obedience
with Ibrahim alaihis salam.
There, the ultimate
violation of the covenant.
Here,
the best example
of respecting
and fulfilling the covenant.
This is why
he is mentioning Ibrahim alayhi salam and his
story.
Furthermore,
we talk about the Abrahamic
religions,
right?
Judaism and Christianity
and Islam.
Ibrahim
is a very important
focus.
So he mentions his story
after all of the stories of Ben Israel.
Imam al Razi also
tries to find other linkages and he claims
that there are several things
connected to the story of Ibrahim, alayhis salam,
that obligates
the Jews and the Christians and the
to follow Muhammad sallallahu
alaihi wasallam.
Of that is what I just mentioned to
you.
And furthermore,
at the end we will see Allah
says that His covenant or pledge
does not include the wrongdoers,
the Vali Meen,
the oppressors.
So
they should remember that as well. We'll get
to that point.
He mentions as well that Ibrahim alaihis salam
and his story
is very much
qiblah.
And there was some issue some mention of
the qiblah,
right,
in the previous verses that we dealt with.
And
the Hajj as well
that has to do with the Hajj and
the building of the Kaaba which we will
see in the story of Ibrahim alayhis salam.
All of these things are specific now to
Muhammad
So he is telling them, If you claim
you follow Ibrahim, you have to follow Muhammad
These are things which are specific to
this
deen, Islam,
the Hajj and the Qibla, and so on.
And he also mentions
one of the
one of the interpretations
of al kari match with which we will
get to has to do with kisad al
fitra,
has to do with hygiene
and keeping oneself
ritually pure
as a Muslim.
And therefore this is something that they should
also,
remember and therefore,
abandon or neglect
some of the impurities and the things that
they used to do in their religion. These
are some of the things that Imam al
Razi mentioned
to connect
the story of Ibrahim alaihi salam
to the stories of Bani Israel that we
heard before.
Okay.
The Ibtala Ibrahim Arab Abu hobi Kalimat?
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala
tested Ibrahim alayhi salam with some kalimat
directly translated from Arabic? Words.
What are these words? We will see.
Connoisseurs of Arabic, where are they?
Where are the Arabic linguists,
the scholars of Arabic?
Tell us now why not
Of course not, Ta'alullah.
Oh, why Ta'alullah? Is it so bad? Yes.
It would be
so
bad. Yes, brother. It's clear. Right?
Ibrahim.
The Quran would know.
Ibrahim. Usually in Arabic,
when we have a verbal sentence, we have
a verb,
then we have the person who performed that
action or the verb, the fa'il,
and then possibly
sometimes the mafruulbihi,
the object
of that action or of that of that
verb.
So usually,
the fa'il which comes after the verb will
have a bamma. It is marfor.
So normally it would be Ibtalaibrahimu.
But here, Ibtala
Ibrahimah. Rabbuhu
instead of Rabbahu.
So there seems to be a reversal.
And indeed there is. Because here the object
is Ibrahim alayhi salam,
and the one who is testing is
Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala.
So if we were to look at it
that way
and
remember when
Ibrahim was tested
by Allah,
Not that Allah tested Ibrahim the way it
is written.
Ibrahim. Allah tested Ibrahim but Ibrahim is mentioned
first.
Okay?
And this is specific to Arabic
because we don't have verbal sentences like this
in English where you start with the verb.
Oh, yeah. We have verbs, brother, But we
don't have verbal sentences
where the sentence starts with a verb. In
English,
the sentences always start with the subject.
Muhammad red.
You cannot say red Muhammad.
Right?
In Arabic, we have the verbal sentence.
Why? Because the focus is Ibrahim
alayhi salaam
here. And
because you would not be able to say
it this way because technically what is being
said is that not Allah tested Ibrahim,
His Lord tested Ibrahim.
So how would you say that?
His Lord tested Ibrahim.
Ibrahim's Lord tested him.
Right?
This is why.
This is the use of this sentence so
that we can then say
because Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala
is showing
His favor upon Ibrahim
and calling
himself
his Lord, the Lord of Ibrahim.
Ibrahim So Allah
tested Ibrahim
with some
when they appear in the Quran,
they are of 2 types.
Either they are
or
are commands
and prohibitions.
Okay?
Such as we see in the Sharia.
Commands and prohibitions.
Are decrees,
are decrees.
Do you remember when we talked about
the
corruption of Bani Israel and their tyranny?
The famous ayat of Surat Al Isra. They
begin with
Yes?
You forgot? Yes?
This is Kaaba.
This kind of Kaaba here,
when he's mentioning Bani Israel,
this is Kaaba
Qadari.
That Allah
decreed
this thing in the qadr.
And many times when the Quran mentions the
kalimat, the words,
these words are
They have to do with the decrees of
Allah
The things that are happening in terms of
the qadr.
Most of the scholars of tafsir understood the
kalimat here that Allah tested
Ibrahim with
as Kalimat Sharmrah'iya.
Commands and prohibitions.
Okay?
Allah tested
Ibrahim
with some of his commands and prohibitions. Kalimat
shariah. And
the most important of which
and very interesting opinion
by one of the imams of Al Mufas
Sirim, Ibn Abbas,
radiAllahu alhumal.
He said
that Allah tested
Ibrahim
with some words and Ibrahim
fulfilled.
He fulfilled, meaning he passed the test. Not
only did he pass the test, he passed
the test with flying colors.
Okay? And that's why he mentioned the other
ayah, wa Ibrahim an nadiwatha.
An Ibrahim who
fulfilled,
fulfilled
completely
what was
required of him.
So he mentioned
Ibn Abbas mentioned
these
he said
10 of them,
10,
are in Surat Al Ahzab. Where are the
hafav? We have hafav. Raise your hand. Don't
be shy. Don't be modest.
Hafad.
10 in al Ahzab. I see some people
putting their head down. 10 in the in
al Ahzab.
10 in Baraa
and 10 in
Al Mu'minoon and
Sa'al Asa'il, meaning Surah Al Naharij.
The 10 in Al Azzab.
Yes?
So Allah
mentions
the male and female
Muslims, male and female believers,
male and female who are obedient, and he
mentions
10
types.
This is in Surat Al Ahzab.
These
are 10 of the words according to Ibn
Abbas
that Allah tested Ibrahim with.
Then the 10 of
And he mentions
Tim there.
The ones who repent, the ones who worship,
and he mentions 10 types.
All of which Ibrahim 'alayhi salam
fulfilled. And then 10 which are mentioned in
al muminun,
partly in muminoon and al marriage.
And so on.
Again, the believers
who are
and they have fushur and humility in their
prayers
and who
abstain from vain talk and who give their
zakah and he mentions
their characteristics.
And there are others which are mentioned in
Surat Al Maharij, which are not mentioned in
and
vice versa,
all of which become 10.
So 10,
10, 10
equals 30. So says
30
sam, 30 parts of Islam
mentioned
in these 30 that we just mentioned to
you, he says, These are the kalimat
that Allah tested
Ibrahim alaihis salam with. And Ibrahim fulfilled
all of those 30 parts
of Islam. Allahu Akbar.
You can imagine,
Ibrahim
fulfilled them, completed them in the best
manner. These are all, of course,
commands and prohibitions. These are Kalima and Sharaiyah.
Right?
However,
and this is most of the as we
said most of the Mufassiri explain it as
such.
Some explained it as the
of the Hajj,
the Hajj rituals.
That these are the kalimat.
Be that the tatawaf,
around the Ka'bah or the Safaam al Marwa,
and praying the 2 raka'as behind Matam Ibrahim
and so on.
Some explain them as
or sunan al fitra.
The sunan al fitra,
the acts
which have to do with
ritual
hygiene
that we do
such as the cutting of the nails
and the armpit hair and the maldmawdha anastin
shat and all of these things.
Some explain the kalimat as such.
The only one that seems to have explained
the kalimat as kalimat
is Al Hasar al Basri.
When he said that Allah
tested Ibrahim alayhi salaam
with the stars.
The story about Ibrahim alayhi salaam and the
stars
and the sun
and the moon.
And he says Allah
tested him with the fire when he was
burnt in the fire.
He tested him with khitah and circumcision.
He tested him with hijrah.
All of these things are
qadari. They are decrees. They are things that
Allah tested him with.
And this is what we usually think about
when we talk about
tests that Allah
tests us
with.
May Allah
keep us firm and give us patience. So
he was patient with all of that. And
there are many others as you know.
Allah Allah tested Ibrahim
ultimately with his son,
Isma'il,
and the command to slaughter
his son Ismael.
One test after another and Ibrahim
was patient.
So whether
they
are or
Allah
tested him and He fulfilled them all.
Then he says that I am going to
make you an imam.
I have to finish. Unfortunately, there's no time
left, but I'm mentioning this because this was
another explanation of the kalimat.
Mujahid
and Ar Rabi ibn Anas and others said
the kalimat
are what came later
afterwards.
I am going to make you an imam
for the people.
This is a test
again.
Later on in the verses we read that
Allah
told Ibrahim
al
Ishmael, purify my house for the worshipers.
This is part of the kalimat.
This is how some understood it as well
that the kalimat are
what follows.
What's that?
Halima Abdul Tabari,
as usual,
declares
that all of what has been mentioned
are part of the kalimat.
Possibly all or some.
There is not something
absolutely
specific.
No hadith of the Prophet
No ijma'
consensus from the authorities on tafsir.
And therefore,
it could be all of what we just
mentioned. The kalimat could include all of that
or some of that. And
we will continue insha'Allah
next
time.