Adnan Rashid – The Rise of the Ottomans- Sogut and Bursa
AI: Summary ©
AI: Transcript ©
K, Bismillah Rahmadi Rahim. We are now in
Sogut.
Okay. The birthplace of the Ottoman dynasty,
and we stand right in front of the
the entrance of the tomb
of famous,
the father of Sultan
Uthman. So we're gonna look at the tomb
and,
make dua for the for his services to
Islam
And the Muslims,
may Allah have mercy on him. May Allah
give him
You can see
written on the gate.
Sultan
became famous because of the,
series. A lot of people watched it in
their own languages. It was it was translated,
dubbed into many different languages. So we're gonna
go inside and we're gonna look at
Sultan tomb
You can see here,
this is the grave
of sultan Ertugrul
Ghazi's beloved wife, the mother of
sultan
Osman
Razi. Okay. This is Halimi Hatun. Okay.
Basically, her name was Halima,
And Hatun is Hatun,
which means in Turkish, the lady. Okay? So
this is,
Halima lady or Halima Hatun. This is the
wife of sultan.
She has a very humble grave. She is
the one, literally,
she is the one who gave birth to
the Ottoman
dynasty.
How?
Because she is the one who gave birth
to the man,
after whom the dynasty is named
Ottomans.
Okay. The word Ottomans
comes from the word Ottoman.
Ottoman comes from.
Who was the son of.
Okay. So let's go inshallah. Let's keep moving.
This we would have seen the change of
the guard because every
hour or,
every few minutes or actually every hour,
there's a change of the guards. You can
see the guards there walking.
So this is to give a taste to
people how the sultans
would have been guarded by private guard when
they were alive. So this is, a spectacle
to behold. You can see these guys, they
look so tough. They look like Ottoman warriors.
This is what Ottoman warriors would have looked
like once upon a time. They are carrying
axes.
They are wearing very distinctive
Ottoman hat.
And,
they are walking towards a tomb.
And they look very
traditional.
So this is basically a, an attempt to
show what Ottoman soldiers, Ottoman guards of the
Sultan would have looked like. Now today, the
Turkish government basically has
made this, tradition.
Those people who visit,
out of their,
respect
to the Ottoman dynasty and and
his children.
They witnessed
the change of the guard
on the tomb. Okay? This is basically a
way to show,
Turkish government's respect for the Sultan,
and his descendants. We're gonna go inside, inshallah.
If you follow me, inshallah.
This is the grave of.
You can see the word written there. So
his name is written there,
Okay?
And what you see in the boxes is
the dust brought from different parts of the
world where the Ottomans ruled.
Yes? The dust is from the different parts
of the world where Ottomans ruled. So this
is dust brought from different lands, different parts
of the world where Ottomans later on ruled,
for Islam.
Okay.
So
this is a way to humble
themselves to,
Allah
to show their humility that
places
where
Yes. Absolutely. Absolutely. Where they fought jihad,
the
dust was brought from those lands, and this
this dust is put right next to his
cover,
for a point that, okay, this is these
are the lands we went to, and this
is where we shed our blood for the
sake of Allah, for the sake of Islam.
May Allah have mercy on
and bless him.
And it were his children
who went on to rule
much of the world
from Europe to Asia to Africa.
Okay?
So this was one of the greatest Muslim
dynasties in history.
Ottomans ruled for nearly 600
years and ruled much of the world,
and they became strong proponents of Islam,
and they defended Islam on many different fronts.
And all of this was born from this
man, Abdul Ghazi.
On that note, thank you so much. And,
we are doing
these visits every we have the guards with
us.
We we are doing these visits every few
months, brothers and sisters.
If you want to give a strong sense
of identity
to your children, if you want, them to
be proud of Islam, if you want them
to find,
inspiration in Islam and in Muslim personalities, then
you must bring them on the ground and
let them see history with their own eyes.
Teaching them theory, giving them books to read
is not enough. You have to bring your
children on the ground for them to see
all of this. Okay? For that, it is
very easy for you to do it. Okay?
So you can simply go on halal getaways.com.
Book the next store to either,
Islamic Morocco, Islamic History of Morocco, or Islamic
History of Spain, where we visit Islamic Monuments.
Okay. We go to Karta Bamacell, we go
to Seville, Al Khazar, or Al Khazar, or
we go to Alhambra Palace in, Granada.
Okay? And then we come to Turkey as
well. So you can choose your destinations. You
can choose your dates. Okay? Bring your children.
Bring your youngsters to these places. Let them
see this history. Let them take inspiration so
that they can have some sense of attachment,
some source of attachment,
with Islam.
Some,
you know, familiarity and some some sort of,
identity,
attachment with Islam and the Muslim civilization.
These are different dynasties, different periods, different places
we visit so that we can strengthen that
sense of identity.
Check out halal getaways.com.
Halal getaways.com.
Inshallah, you will feel find the details
for the future date. I will be personally
present on these tours. You can choose
the tours where I'm personally present to teach
history as I have been doing
so that we can bring more and more
Muslim youngsters for them to see this history
and take inspiration. Okay?
So please join the tours,
and you will strengthen the identity
of your children.
You know, it's very easy to complain about
your children
and the the the the fact that they
are playing games, computer games, and they are
not interested in Islamic
civilization or Islamic history. It's because they are
not taught. It's because they don't know anything.
Once they come here, they will not go
back the same people.
Thank you so much. Okay. Mister Rahmanir Raheem,
brothers and sisters, here we are in front
of Olujami.
Olujami
literally means the great mosque.
Right? Correct?
This mosque, this masjid is
potentially the largest masjid in Bursa. Bursa is
the Ottoman capital,
and this is where victories would be
celebrated.
So this masjid,
this great masjid was built as a result
of a great
victory
over
Europeans
in current day Hungary,
where the battle of Nicopoli was won by
Sultan by Yazid Yaldrum
by Yazid the first, also known as by
Yazid the thunderbolt.
Right? And he won this victory in 1396,
and he declared that if Allah gives him
victory in this battle, he will build
20 mosques in Bursa. So when it came
time when when the time came to build,
he was advised that instead of building 20
mosques,
build 20 domes
on 1 masjid. So build a great mosque
instead of building 20 small ones. And this
was the outcome. You can see on the
gate, the date is clearly stated 1399.
Allahu Akbar. Okay? This is about 3 years
before Sultan Bayezid was captured in the battle
of or as a result of the battle
of Ankara when Timur
or Timur
Lane or Timur Lang
he's also known as Timur Lang. Timur the
lame because he was lame in one leg.
He was a great warlord from Central Asia.
He wanted to revive the legacy of Genghis
Khan, and he basically went pretty much everywhere
fighting mostly Muslims and decimating Muslim cities and
dynasties. He attacked
the city
Delhi Sultanate, ruled by Delhi Sultanate in 1398
and sacked the city. Then he made his
way to the Ottomans
and
near Ankara, this battle took place in 1402
when Sultan Bayezid de Yaldiram
was captured
while
when he was actually besieging Constantinople.
And Constantinople
was already almost
fallen. The Byzantines, the Romans were get getting
ready to literally
surrender the city when Timur turned up behind
him. So he had to lift the siege,
abandon his siege,
and go and fight Timur, and then he
was caught in battle and humiliated later on,
and he died in captivity.
May Allah have mercy on his soul.
Okay. And after he passed away,
his sons fought for power for the next
10 to 20 years. Civil war between sons.
Mustafa,
we had Musa, we had Muhammad Celebi
who actually
became the next sultan, having defeated his brothers.
Right? Suleiman. Suleiman as well. Isa. Isa, Suleiman,
Mustafa, Musa,
and, Mohammed Celebi.
Five sons, they fought each other for power,
and they were being used
by different factions, different forces
for their
own ends. For example, when they see the
brothers divided,
the Romans came in, they started to back
1 brother.
And some some of the Beyliks, they they
came in, they started to back other brothers
so that they can keep the Ottomans broken,
divided.
This is when Muhammad Shalaby,
Muhammad the first,
he managed to overpower his brothers and unite
the Ottomans under one state again. And then
the Ottomans had to start again
to reassert their power. And it took another
50 years before the Ottomans could besiege
Constantinople
and finally take it in 1453.
So 1402 was the battle of Ankara when
Timur
took Sultan Bayezid Yaldiram in into captivity.
And 1453,
about 50 years later, we have Sultan Mohammed
Al Fatih take the city of Constantinople.
So Sultan Bayazid was the father of Sultan
Mohammed Celebi, who was the father of Sultan
Murad the second. And Sultan Murad the second
was the father of Muhammad al Fatih, who
took Constantinople.
By the way, we're gonna go inside,
and we're gonna look at some of the
masterpieces
of what?
Calligraphy.
Some of the greatest
Ottoman
calligraphic
masterpieces are in this masjid,
and they range from what is the oldest
piece there?
K. There are no damage all this piece.
Right. I mean, there are just Mostly from
the 19th century.
Mostly from the 19th century, but they were
done by some of the greatest calligraphers
Ottoman Turkey has produced, and you will see
those masterpieces inside. Absolutely mind blowing. And they
dedicated these masterpieces to this masjid. Also, we
have the original member inside from the time
of Sultan Bayezid. It is dated,
and the name of
the man who who carved it or built
it is also there. We're gonna see it.
So let's not wait any longer. Let's go
inside and check out the masjid and the
calligraphic
or calligraphy masterpieces and the member inshallah. Let's
go.
Okay.
We are now inside Olujami, which was built
in 13/99.
And I was going to mention that Sultan
Bayezid was a son of Sultan Murad the
first, who was the 1st and the last
Sultan to have been killed on the battlefield.
Even though the battle was over, Sultan Murad
had won the battle of Kosovo in 13/89.
1 of the Christian captives, he stabbed the
Sultan to death after the battle had been
won. And there were celebrations in Europe
that the Ottomans are finished. But little did
they know that the son of this very
Sultan
will come back within
5 6 to 6 to 7 years and
cause
cause a greater victory to take place at
Nicopoli.
And that happened in,
current day Bulgaria or Hungary. I don't remember.
Sorry?
Bulgaria. It it happened in Bulgarian territory. It
was Balkans,
and this was a great victory.
And as a result of this victory, Sultan
Bayezid Yalduram also. Yalduram means the thunderbolt. He
was called the thunderbolt because of the speed
of his action, how he would move from
place to place with his entire army. So
he was like a thunderbolt. May Allah have
mercy on him. And the calligraphy I was
talking about outside, you can look at these
masterpieces.
They have been dedicated to this masjid. Inshallah.
We're gonna go around quickly. If we if
you follow me, inshallah, will we because there
is so much to see here. There is
a lot of calligraphy. We will look at
that later on. But one of the special
places I want to show all of you
is
the member.
The member is
very old
from
the 15th century.
It was built for the masjid. It is
a purpose built member,
and it has the,
okay. There is someone playing here.
Maybe we can
if you pass in front of it and
then lift the
bottle
Right.
This is a very special member, and it
is very old. It is as old as
the masjid.
A lot of this calligraphy obviously has been
renovated and it's been renewed. But the member
here,
you look at it
okay.
Here, we see the name of the sultan.
Okay. And the date.
And the name of the person who made
it.
Okay. But the name of the sultan is
clearly
visible
by Yazid
Khan Bin Murad Khan. Okay. And the date
is basically.
I don't know if you can see it.
Can you see it? In the golden? You're
looking at me. Yeah. In the golden. The
last one, alif. Can you see long alif?
Yeah. And then
Okay. Underneath.
Okay. So this
is 802 Hijri. This member was actually made
in 802 Hijri, which is like what? 6
100 and nearly 22 years. Okay?
622 years old. So it's basically from
the
late 14th century, early 15th century. Okay? And
it's still very much in its original condition.
You can see.
And I remember seeing the name of the
carver,
the name of
the person who actually made it. This is
a lot of wood pieces put together.
And they were carved
separately,
and then they were assembled together.
Okay?
So this is a masterpiece that survives to
this day
from
the early 15th century or the late 14th
century.
Can you check what
802 corresponds to? 30 99. 30 99. Exactly.
Exactly. Right? So this is the late
late 14th century.
And the technique is.
They they they didn't use any nail. Okay.
Bring
Right. Pieces together. Yeah.
And also also, believe it or not, there's
a solar system on the other side.
And you see the house.
Right. And you
and you will pull from this side Yeah.
From right this side. This side. Yes.
So Yeah.
Look at the dumps. Oh, so there are
there are
this is like the solar system, the sun
in the middle, and many planets around it.
So it's like the solar system yeah. It's
like the solar system
depicted on the member. This is where the
imam would climb up and then
do
the.
So this masjid is from the late
14th
century. In 19th century, there was an earthquake
in 18/55.
How many dorms fell? 18. 18 of the
20 dorms fell, and they were rebuilt
again.
Unfortunately,
there was no other way to save them,
so they were rebuilt again. And then,
you can see the masjid
was,
renovated.
And all of these calligraphic
masterpieces,
if we if you follow
me, they were done by expert calligraphers who
were well known in the Ottoman Empire for
their calligraphy skills.
Now look at that.
That one looks like a vessel,
a ship.
Okay?
And it was done in
1275
Hijri, which
corresponds to,
approximately
mid
mid, 19th century. So I'm assuming
these were done after the earthquake.
Right? Soon after the earthquake because they correspond
yeah. Yeah. So this looks like a ship.
So a lot of this script is nastalik.
That's
nastalik. That's also nastalik.
Okay? Then there is nasa script. There is,
There is, there are different types of calligraphy
here.
Yeah. Look at that. Yeah. This is Nasq.
That's Nasq, and this is,
their fadaqa
May my mother and father be
sacrificed over you, You Rasulullah.
So it's written
there. From the Quran. So that's also in
Nastalik script. This script, which looks very Persian,
it is Arabic.
Rasmal Khatt.
There is that big writing over there. So
there are different messages, different verses represented
representing different realities.
All of this is depicted there. So this
is the great mosque
of Bursa, everyone. I hope you enjoyed it.
And maybe the cameraman could go around and
take some more shots while,
we are looking at this.
Okay?
And, you
know, you cannot you cannot the camera does
not do justice to the beauty of this
masjid and the calligraphy we see. You have
to be here in person.
You have to be here in person. Come
with your families. Come with your kids. Let
them see
it. Absolutely amazing.
On that note,
hopefully, you will be able to join us
in the future, one of the future trips.
Now we are in a very special place
in Bursa. We have the the green mosque
behind us, and then we have a very
special tomb,
the cover of Sultan
Mohammed Shalaby.
Okay? Mohammed the first who was the son
of Sultan Bayezid Yaldrab. He's buried up there.
He is the person who united the Ottoman
Empire
after his father was captured in the battle
of Ankara in 1402 by Timur,
the lame. Okay?
Let's go. But this masjid is an absolute
masterpiece. We will see the calligraphy on the
masjid, which is going to blow your minds
away. The gate is absolutely amazing. It's so
beautiful.
And this masjid was built in what year?
14/21.
14/21.
So who is ruling at this time, 14/21?
This is Muhammed Celebi, sultan Muhammad
the first,
who is ruling at the time, and this
is his masterpiece.
Having consolidated the power,
his father left behind,
because
5 brothers,
they fought
in this civil war
because
Sultan Bayezid Jaldaram was captured by Timur, and
he was taken away. He died in captivity.
Five brothers were fighting each other for power.
Who were they? Musa,
Mustafa,
Risa,
and Suleiman. Suleiman
and Mohammed Shalaby.
Five brothers. So Mohammed the first came on
top, and he managed to basically
subdue his brothers and unite the Ottomans under
his leadership, and then
was born to him, Sultan Murad the second,
the great
warrior, and his son was Sultan Muhammad Al
Fatih. But this is an absolute
masterpiece
of Islamic architecture,
Islamic art.
And when you see the calligraphy on the
gate, it's absolutely mind blowing. Now because this
is Bursa,
this is very much Seljuk inspired.
Because the Ottomans haven't yet taken Constantinople,
they are still
following the model, the Seljuk
model in architecture. You can see this is
very much Seljuk,
period style.
And this calligraphy
is absolutely magnificent.
Okay. This is Kufic script.
This is a different script to this script.
As you can see visibly, there there are
both different scripts. This is Kufic,
later Kufic,
and this is
if I'm not mistaken, this is Nazr.
It's Nazr. This is Nazr script. Okay. So
this is which is a type of Arabic
script. This is Kufic.
And on the gate there, you can see
if that is the Quran, I'm not sure.
It's not. It's possibly a declaration
with the name of the Sultan himself.
Okay? Yeah. It's the name of the Sultan
and a declaration in his name, Allahu Akbar.
And this is a masterpiece. This is one
of the most beautiful masjids in the Ottoman
Empire,
in my opinion. Okay. Why why am I
saying this? Is the Blue Mosque not not
more beautiful?
Is the Soleimania not more beautiful? The great
mosque we just saw with all those master
masterpieces of calligraphy,
They are all beautiful.
But what you see here
is just,
unprecedented.
It's very different, very pure,
very Seljuk. Not that other stuff is impure,
stuff for Allah, but I'm saying this is
this has a different type of beauty to
it. So
this is amazing. We're gonna go inside the
masjid InshaAllah.
Yeah. Before going inside, I can show you
this. So this is the exact date that
the, Mehmet Celebi died. 14/21.
Okay?
So and the mosque I mean, this was
not built as a mosque before. I will
let you know. It's a like, half governmental
building. Then they converted to the mosque.
I will show you the, you know, like
the proof inside. But before that,
they were already finished.
So this is the thing. Mohammed Celebi.
So Mohammed
Celebi, Mohammed the first,
he died
40 years before he
completed his own tomb.
Alright? And he died and they buried him
in right there. And you can see like
they didn't even finish
writing the calligraphies.
When he died, they stopped doing this to
respect and love of him. See? Like, some
of the places are still
not carved.
Yes. And this is the respect and love
of him.
You got it? No. Why why would this
stop out of
Because because he's the one who was,
Funding it. It. Yeah. I mean, you can
see that parts of it were started, and
they were not finished.
You see? Yeah. You see the third one?
Yeah. It was started, and it was not
finished. Yes.
So this is an absolutely,
beautiful masjid. Now it's a masjid. Let's go
inside and have a look.
Oh, it's okay.
The mihrab
the mihrab is one of the best decorated
mihrabs
possibly in the world
inside this masjid.
We're gonna look at it in a minute.
The tile work in this masjid
is mind blowing.
This is one of the most beautiful in
the world if you look there.
Yes. This is how it it is the
most beautiful tile work. Yeah.
Absolutely.
I should take it from here.
The
tile work in this masjid is absolutely mind
blowing.
And we have the year stated on top.
No.
827
hijis.
That's the year on top there.
Okay?
No.
Because it's all in,
it's not in a straight order. You have
to really break it down. You have to
decipher these,
inscriptions.
Subhanallah.
So
827 Hijri. So this is 620
years old, this structure.
It's a masterpiece.
So this is called
the Green Mosque. Mhmm. The Green Masjid. I
don't know why because it's blue all over.
But sorry? Green carpet. Yeah. Green carpet. Yes.
We have green carpet here. So inshallah, we
will now make our way after having looked
at this masjid. We're gonna make our way
to the tomb of,
sultan Mohammed the first, Mohammed Celebi, who managed
to unite the Ottomans under his rule.
He managed to defeat his brothers and take
hold of power
into his own hands, and he's the one
who
you can say saved the Ottoman Empire from
being destroyed completely.
The Ottomans were almost
destroyed.
The Ottomans were almost
Ottomans
almost fell,
completely disappeared
after Sultan Bayezid
Yaldiram
was captured.
The second founder. Exactly. The second founder
of the Ottoman
dynasty, Sultan Ahmed the first. Wife was captured
by Khamul.
Sultan,
by Yazid?
Okay.
Right.
Right. Apparently, the legend is the sultan never
married again. Yes. They had children from the
Sultan Bayezid died in captivity. Yeah. His life
was kept. Yeah. He could not handle the
humiliation.
Sultan's life was kept. After this, Sultan stopped
married. Right. And they had children from the
slave. Right.
Okay.
So this is this is amazing. Like, if
you think about it, how he managed to
revive
the Ottoman Empire after all that disasters.
All those disasters, first his father's capture
and then his brothers fighting against him. So
it took him nearly
10 years to subdue
his brothers who were being supported by different
factions to fight him. So because many of
the enemies of the Ottomans, they wanted them
to fight each other and never come back
to power or never
gain that influence and power again. It was
Sultan Mohammed the first
who managed
to revive the Ottoman spirit spirit, and this
is this is how we managed to take
or the Ottomans managed to take later on
the city of Constantinople
in 14/53.
We are here now in front of the
the tomb of Sultan Mohammed the first, also
known as Mohammed Celebi.
The green masjid is behind us. We just
came from it. We saw all those blue
tiles
and beautiful,
calligraphy outside
and beautiful tile work,
inside the mihrab on the mihrab rather.
And you see similar artwork here. And this
is the tomb of a very important Sultan
called Sultan Mohammed the first, who died in
14/21,
who managed to revive the Ottoman
Empire from,
from the brink of being destroyed.
When his father was captured
in 1402,
many people were predicting that Ottomans will never
be able to recover.
And then especially when the sultan had left
5 sons behind to fight each other. Sultan
Mohammed
managed to defeat all his brothers
and took power into his own hands and
consolidated power and revived the Ottoman spirit.
And this is why he's called the 2nd
founder of the Ottoman Empire after Razi Osman
himself. So this is a very important
person.
His name is there.
Okay.
So it says,
what is this?
Al maharahum al Sareed al shahid al sultan
So this is the name of the Sultan.
Sultan Mohammed bin Bayezid Yaldiram also.
Okay? And this is exactly almost 100 620
years old, this very tomb. So we'll go
inside
to have a look.
Okay. Okay. We can go. We're good. We
can take with This is the only place
and also Murat is set up. Okay.
So you can hear the echo. This is
where sultan Mohammed the first is buried. It
says, Shalabi
Muhammad,
which means king Mohammed the first Shalaby.
What does Shalaby actually mean?
Shalaby
like
royal.
General. I mean Honorable. Like honorable. Honorable. Sayed.
Yeah. Honorable. It's like Sayed. Someone now Right.
So Ottoman Sultan,
who was born in 13/86
to Sultan Bayezid the first and died in
14 21. And then his own son, Sultan
Murad the second, took power.
And Sultan Murad the second died
in 14,
if I'm not mistaken, 52.
1451. Sultan Murad the second.
Yeah. 51. 1451. Yes. 1451.
And then came to power Sultan Mohammed al
Fatih, Mohammed the second, who took the city
of Constantinople
in 14 53.
Okay? So you can see many
princes are buried.
How do we know?
This is Shahzadeh
Mustafa,
the son of Sultan Mohammed the first. Again,
Shahzadeh
Mahmud.
Shahzadeh
means the son of the king,
basically, in the Persian language
and also in Turkish.
Then we have the daughter
of Sultan Mahal Fatih, Daye Hatun,
then
Aisha Hatun, which is Aisha
Hatun. Right? Hafsa Hatun. So these are all
the daughters and the sons of Sultan Mohammed,
Shalabi or Sultan Mohammed
the first.
So there is like a mehrab. It's beautiful.
If they Child work. And you're right in
Okay. Yeah. Already with Shafiq. Right. So this
is from the 19th century.
No. No. Oh. The same writing Yeah. Like
huge one Yeah. In great mood. Yeah. Yeah.
Same as writing. Okay. Same type of writing.
Yeah. Same type of writing. Subhanallah. This tile
work is absolutely amazing. It's mind blowing.
So, inshallah, we'll go around.
May Allah have mercy on these people
and accept them
in and accept their
sacrifices and great deeds for the sake of
Islam.
They served
in their own capacities.
So this is another daughter, Selju,
daughter of sultan Muhammad the first. So pretty
much, these are all his children
buried around him. Sultan Muhammad the first and
his children buried next to him.
So
next, we will be
looking at other
places in Bursa, such as,
the tomb of Sultan
Murad the second,
tomb of, the tomb of Sultan Uthman Ghazi,
the tomb of Sultan Orhan, and we will
see the guards changing as well. That will
all be tomorrow Until then,
everyone. I am in Bursa, and I am
visiting
a very special museum in Bursa. It's called,
the conquest 1326
Panorama
Museum. This is one of the biggest panoramic
museum in Turkey, if not in the world.
And it is inshallah, you're gonna like it.
You're gonna absolutely be blown away by what
they have up up there. We're gonna go
up there. But before we do that, there
is,
a kind of gallery
that shows you the history of the Ottomans
chronologically.
This person is not Ottoman, of course. He's
Turkish,
and he was one of the greatest
Ottoman Empire. His name was Halil or
Halil
but
is not pronounced
in Turkish. So it's halil,
and you lived
up to a 100 years from 1916
to 2 1016.
So
this is a tribute to him.
Okay. So this is how the story, the
Ottoman story begins. Right? This is
with this tribe, okay,
moving into,
northwestern Anatolia, which was the buffer zone between,
the Turkic
beyliks or chiefdoms throughout Anatolia
and the Roman Empire. But and his tribe,
they take this land, this territory
between 1260
to 1299.
Okay?
Here you see
Gazi Usman,
Gazi's son sitting with one of the sheikhs
called Sheikh Adewali.
Ghazi
had advised his son to be very,
very, kind to sheikh Adewali and do not
hurt him, do not disobey him because he
is our sheikh basically. So this is a
depiction of razi Usman sitting
with, his sheikh. Raja Usman
is the person,
whose name is
basically,
the Ottoman Empire is named after him. It's
Ottoman from Ottoman
and his name was Uthman.
So from Uthman, it became Ottoman, the Ottoman
Empire or the Uthmanic
Empire. So this is Ghazi Uthman. This is
the first time when Khutva was read in
his name by the sheikh from the member.
Okay. So this is that depiction.
Okay. When razzi Usman became the ruler and
he created
a state from a chieftain,
the the Ottomans went into,
state creating because they were dealing with the
Romans.
Right?
This is a very famous battle depicted here.
This is one of the first major battles
between the Ottomans and the Byzantine Empire or
the Roman Empire.
This battle took place in 1302.
It's the battle of
or also known
as Bafias.
The battle of Bafias or Bafias.
Okay?
So this is another battle which the Ottomans
fought in 1303,
okay,
near Bursa, which was called Prussia
in the past, previously.
Here, you see there's a depiction,
Uthman Ghazi
telling his son, Sultan Orhan Ghazi to bury
me in that silver
dome or underneath that silver dome. And that
silver dome is in the city of Bursa
which are which was still in,
Roman hands. So what he's telling his son
is, whether I live or die
you better take the city of Bursa.
Okay. And Bursa became the Ottoman capital
from then. Sultan Uthman did not see,
lived to see the conquest of Bursa because
sultan Orhan, his son, took Bursa in 13/26.
But later on, sultan Uthman Razi's
remains were interred on that very hill where
he's pointing to.
Okay.
We keep moving. So here you see the
depiction of the conquest of Bursa in 13/26.
Orhan Ghazi enters the city, conquering the city,
which was a very important
city,
for the Romans.
And this is what opened the gates
for the conquest of Constantinople.
Here you see Dawud al Qayseri,
who was a scholar who had opened an
institution of education teaching students using an astrolabe
and
astronomical drawings from
Abu
events or incidents depicted
on the painting here. This was Murad the
first assassinated by a Christian
survivor or a Christian captive, okay,
whose name was Milosso
Obilic,
okay, or Milosovitch
as they would pronounce it today.
So this represents the battle of Kosovo, a
scene from the battle of Kosovo 13 89.
The battle was won by the Ottomans.
After the the battle was won, after the
victory, one of the Christian captives, he
basically stabbed the sultan to death, and this
was a huge disaster for the Ottomans because
the Sultan had been killed after the battle.
And he is the only Sultan to have
been killed on the battlefield.
Never again would the Ottomans compromise the security
of the Sultan.
Okay? So this happened in 13/89.
By the way, this is a battle which
Milosevic,
the previous the ex president or prime minister
of Serbia
reference in 13/89,
during the 600th
anniversary of the battle of Kosovo, and he
referenced this very battle. And this is one
of the reasons
why the Serbians massacred the Bosnians, and there
was a genocide
in Bosnia.
Okay? Because of this memory.
Then we have Sultan
Murad, the first son, Bayezid
Yaldiram
or Bayezid, the thunderbolt,
who took power into his own hands, and
then he carried on the mission of conquest.
And he had a very important,
victory at Nicopolis
in in the Balkans.
And you can see him in front of
the walls of Nikopolis.
This victory took place in 13/96.
And because of this victory, the sultan,
he
vowed that he will build 20 mosques.
If Allah gives him this victory, he will
build 20 mosques in
Bursa.
But instead of building 20 mosques, they built
a grand masjid
called
Olujami.
Olujami means the great the grand masjid with
20 domes. So instead of building 20 small
mosques,
the sultan decided,
after having been advised
to build
1 masjid with 20 domes, and this masjid
still stands to this day. We visited it
yesterday. You can check out the vlog. Here,
the sultan is seen
supervising the construction of Olujami,
the grand mosque after the conquest of Nicholas
in 13/96.
This masjid was completed in 13/99.
It stands to this day,
we were there yesterday.
Here you can see the sword is being
given to sultan
Mohammed Celebi,
who became the Sultan after his father, Sultan
Bayazid,
Yaldiram Bayazid. Sultan Bayazid was captured after the
battle of,
of Ankara in 1402.
Timur or Timur Lane or Timur the Lane
had attacked the Ottomans. There was a battle
at Ankara and Sultan,
the first was captured. And then his son,
Mohammed
defeated all his brothers and became the Sultan
and consolidated
ottoman
power and revived
the ottoman state
after being
destroyed.
So here you can see Mohammed the first
depicted
in front of his tomb. This is the
tomb he himself
And you can see him here supervising
the construction of his own tomb, and he
would be buried in it later on. Okay?
So,
he died
40 days before the tomb was completed,
or after. I don't remember.
And he was buried inside the
tomb. And this is Sultan Murad the second,
Muhammad,
Sultan Muhammad the first's son, Murad the second,
who was the father
of Sultan Muhammad al Fatih.
And he is sitting with his sheiks or,
some Muslim scholars.
So the story of Bursa
ends here with Sultan Murad the second because
he was the last Sultan to be buried
in Bursa. Okay? So there are 6 Sultans
altogether buried in Bursa, and after the conquest
of Constantinople,
all the sultans,
were buried in Constantinople,
not in Bursa. So which sultans we do
we have buried in Bursa? Sultan Uthman Ghazi,
the first Ottoman Sultan, officially.
Then his son, Sultan, Orhan Ghazi.
Then his son Sultan,
Murad the first, and then his son Sultan
Bayezid the first, and then his son Sultan,
Muhammad the first, Muhammad Celebi, and then his
son, Sultan Murad the second, and Sultan Murad's
son was Mohammed al Fatih, who is now
buried
in Al Fatih
in Istanbul or
Constantinople.
We visited his tomb in the last vlog.
You have seen it, and we know why
that spot was so important, why he chose
to be buried there. Okay? So on that
note, we're gonna go to the panoramic museum.
Inshallah, look at it upstairs. How the siege
of Bursa,
would have looked like in 1326.
So let's go to the panoramic museum.
Okay, everyone.
We are here now. We're gonna strike our
own coins.
The coins belong to the die belongs to
Sultan Orhan Ghazi.
And look. This is how the coin is
struck.
Brother Hamza, look at us and tell us
what you're doing. No. No. Wait. Wait. Before
you strike before you strike. So I'll tell
you Okay. Wait. Coin has been put into
contact with someone? Strike?
One strike or multiple strike?
One strike.
Or usually the coin There is okay. Can
you take the coin out?
Okay. So this the coin is blank.
Okay. What they would do back in the
day, they would use
hot silver or warmed silver because it becomes
soft. Right? They would cut a piece like
this back in the day. Okay? Then they
would have dice like this. They would put
the coin in there, and then you take
a die on top. Okay? Place the coin
in the middle, please. Making sure that
the die the coin is so you have
you use this die. And brother Hamza is
now going to show us how the coins
were made. So you strike it once, and
then you strike it the second time hard.
Yeah?
1, 2.
Okay. Now
okay. Let's see what you have done to
your coin.
I think you moved it. You moved the
dice slightly. Let's see what came out. Okay.
Look at this.
Okay. Orhan
Ghazi. Sultan Orhan
Khan is written. And this is against again
from the museum. Right? So this is a
very nice experience
to strike your own coin.
You have done exactly what those dye makers
used to do to coins.
So now
So, auntie, you have to strike it hard.
Okay?
And and keep your hands on it. But
don't okay. Don't hit your hand. Yeah. Please.
1. That's it. 1 more. 1 more. 1
more.
Okay.
Move your hand, please. Can you hold? No.
You have to hold it.
No. No. You hold it. I'll do it.
I'll do it. Okay.
Yeah. This is what you call an ottoman
strike.
Wow. This is beautiful. So this is how
ottoman would strike the coins. It says Orhan
Khan. Okay?
Orhan, it says
It says Orhan Orhan
Okay. More. More. More. More. He's gonna do
it for you. Okay. So we can Wait.
Wait. Can I do it? Can I do
it? You have to hold it. You have
to hold it. You have to hold it.
You have to hold it in hand. Okay.
I don't want to strike my hand.
This Let's see what happened there.
Okay. So it says Orhan
sultan Orhan
That's what it says.
Yeah. Okay. You can see Orhan on top.
It says
So,
everyone, this was an experience
to strike coins. Now there's another example. Let's
see what this ottoman does with the coin.
Okay?
So coins would be made like this back
in the day. They would strike coins
in this way. Make sure you don't strike
your hand, please. No casualties.
That's it.
That's it.
Okay.
Well done. Yeah. This is how Ottoman coins
were made.
Thank you. Thank you very much.
Okay.
So we've had some coins. We are about
4 coins richer now. Alhamdulillah.
Okay. This is how Ottomans would strike the
coins. We have another one.
Okay. Yallah. Let's see.
So
each die
on average would strike 2 to 300 coins
and then a new die would have to
be used. Because
a die cannot strike thousands of coins because
obviously, the die is made of metal.
And having struck 2, 300 coins, the die
kind kind,
the die kind of,
fades away or starts breaking. That's why a
new dye has to be used for the
next batch of coins. So I hope you
enjoyed it. This is the museum.
We went through the chronological journey of the
Ottoman Empire in Bursa. We looked at the
museum upstairs, the panoramic museum, and then we
struck coins, Ottoman coins.
We're gonna make our way to Sultan,
Osman Ghazi's tomb, and we're gonna see how
the guards are changed every hour. It's a
spectacle.
Okay, everyone. We are at the tomb of
Osman Ghazi, the founder of the Ottoman
Empire, the Ottoman dynasty,
and we are at the tomb, and
distance.
They are coming to now guard the tomb
of Sultan of Managazi,
and the ones who are already on guard
will
exchange
their places with them.
So they are dressed as Ottoman soldiers as
you can see with the swords. Even the
rings. Even the rings. And
so now there are 2 guards already there
on duty.
They're gonna exchange places.
Okay.
This is a bit of a Turkish nationalism
there.
Okay. You can see,
new guards have come in. They're gonna now
stand guard there.
The ones who were there already, they're gonna
now go.
Okay.
So now the guard has changed.
And
these guys,
the the ones who were standing on guard,
they are now on their way
to the
barracks,
and the new guards have replaced them.
So this is the change of guard that
takes place every hour on the tomb of
Sultan Usman Ghazi.
From 9 AM to 5 PM, this spectacle
takes place. So what you see there, 2
guards stand in front of the tomb of
Sultan Osman Gazi, the founder of the Ottoman
dynasty. We're gonna go in now very quickly.
And on the left, you see so the
tomb of Sultan Orhan Ghazi. So we're gonna
go inside
and look at the tomb
of Sultan Osman Ghazi.
So Sultan Osman Ghazi is the son of,
sultan
Uthman Ghazi.
And now we enter the mausoleum
where Sultan Uthman Ghazi, the founder of the
Ottoman dynasty,
is buried. This is where
the Ottoman dynasty started.
You can look there.
Osman Razi Padishah,
Ottoman Sultan,
born in 12/58.
Died in 13/26,
the very year
Bursa was taken by his son, Sultan Orhan
Alhazi.
But he had already passed away before the
city of Bursa
fell or capitulated
to the Ottomans.
So this
is the family,
the children or the grandchildren
of the Sultan, Usman Ghazi. Allah have mercy
on him and his descendants for serving Islam,
to the extent that they ruled
much of the world
for 600
years. So Sultan of Smarikazi came to power
in 12/99,
and the Ottoman dynasty officially went,
up to the year
13/24.
So this is more than 600 years.
Sultan of Hazi and his descendants
protected the boundaries of Islam and served Islam.
So we're gonna go to the next tomb,
the tomb of Sultan, Orhan Ghazi,
if you follow
me. So brothers and sisters, we do these
tours to
the Ottoman history of Turkey, Ottoman monuments in
Turkey,
and Islamic Spain
when Muslims had ruled Spain
for nearly
700 years, parts of Spain.
And we go and look at some of
those
monuments in Al Andalus in current day Spain.
And we visit cities like Seville,
Granada, and Cordoba. We look at Cordoba Masjid,
which was started
by Abdurrahman the first in 7 eighties CE.
Okay? So the Masjid Kartaba parts of it
are nearly 1,300
years old. We visit those sites,
and we come to Turkey as well for
the same purpose, to teach history to our
youngsters, to our brothers and sisters so that
they can appreciate
the history of the Muslim civilization.
These tours are organized by halalgetaways.com,
and I join as a historian. So you're
most welcome to join on the tours
where I myself
am teaching history.
So this is the tomb of sultan Usman
Ghazi's son,
Sultan Orhan.
Sultan Orhan, Orhan, Orhan is buried here.
He is the sultan
who took the city of Bursa, which was
a very important Roman capital.
And then
5 years later, he took
the city of Iznik,
also called Nicaea in the ancient period.
You can see his name there, Orhanu Gazi
Padishah,
Ottoman Sultan, born in 12/81
and
died in 13/60.
This is when his son, Sultan
Murad the first, took over.
Sultan Orhan Ghazi is the sultan who opened
the route to Europe for the Ottomans, and
the Ottomans started to take territories
in the in Central Europe or Balkans.
And it was his son, Sultan Murad the
first, who
had
won this famous victory in the battle of
Kosovo in 13/89.
And after the battle, he was assassinated by
one of the Christian captives. So brothers and
sisters, we are here in Turkey right now
with a group of brothers and sisters who
are going through this history, and they are
being they're being absolutely
inspired and fascinated
by the history they're seeing. You can also
join, Insha'Allah. Check out halalgetaways.com
for future dates. On that note, Insha'Allah, we're
gonna be making our way to Sultan Murad,
the second's tomb, and his madrasa. We'll look
at it,
inshallah in, in in in an hour. And
also, possibly Sultan Murad, the first who was
killed in the battle of Kosovo or after
the Battle of Kosovo.
Until then, Salaam.
Here we are in front of
the tomb of Sultan Murad the second who
was a very pious Sultan. He's left specific
instructions
that bury me in humble settings.
And this is the father of Sultan Mohammed
Al Fatih, the last Sultan to have been
buried
in
the city of Bursa.
And in this complex, there are many important,
princes and princesses are buried. Mahidev Iran,
the famous wife of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
is also buried here, the mother of Mustafa,
who was killed by the Sultan because he
was,
accused of starting or
possibly initiating
a rebellion against his father,
and,
Sultan Sultan, Sultan Suleiman decided to execute him.
So
this
is
the very humble
of
Sultan Murad II.
He had left instructions
that leave my grave open from the top.
Okay? So this is why you see the
grave is open from the top. There is
mud
on top. This is a very humble cover.
By Ottoman standards, it is truly humble.
Okay? And he has left specific instructions
to put me
in this grave
in very simple ways.
Okay? And he was a very pious man,
Sultan Murad the second, who ruled twice because
the first time he left his throne to
his son, Muhammad the second, Muhammad the conqueror,
al Fatih,
because he wanted to seclude himself and busy
himself with dhikr and developing his relationship with
Allah But Sultan Muhammad al Fatih,
was a very young child or young man,
you can say. And he could not,
according to the wazirs at the time, he
could not handle the situation. So Sultan Murad,
the second, was asked to come back
for the second time to take the throne
for another 5 years
until he died, and he was buried here.
So it was his son who basically
took
Constantinople
from the Romans. Now you look at
the
the basis of the columns, they are Roman.
They they are Corinthian columns. They should have
been on top. They are usually capitals like
that one over there. Right?
So these are used for bases.
These are called the Corinthian columns, and they
are Roman. They are Byzantine. They are not
made by Ottomans.
So they have been recycled
and used,
at this tomb in this place. May Allah
have mercy on Sultan Murad the second. There
are some other people.
Princes are buried here. Yes? So, Sultan Aladdin
was the, son of the Moraj the second
Mhmm. And he raised him. Right. And he
was loving him so much. Right. So when
he died, he died pretty young, and he
got pretty upset. And then he said, I
want to bury with, you know, like next
to my son. Subhanallah.
Sultan Alauddin.
Or Shahzadeh Alauddin?
So, yes, Shahzadeh Alauddin is here. You can
see.
Okay. These are the children of Sultan Murad
the second.
Shahzad e Sultan,
heartless Sultan is a princess.
Okay? Shahazadeh Alauddin,
who was very beloved to Sultan Murad II,
and Shahazadeh
Ahmad. Shahazadeh or Shahazadeh also means prince or
princess.
Okay?
We have the same word in Urdu Shahzadah
or Shahzadi,
basically,
which means prince or princess. So these are
the children of the sultan.
And you can see
that these columns are definitely 100% Roman. They
have been recycled
and reused
in these Ottoman monuments.
This is possibly from the Roman period. This
is why they've covered it.
So there was there was something important here.
So Sultan Murad the second was the sec
last sultan to be buried in
Bursa.
So may Allah have mercy on him. May
Allah
forgive his errors and grant him.
Very great man. Fought the Crusaders.
Many, many battles.
And he was very successful as a military
leader, but his heart was elsewhere. He wanted
to build his relationship with Allah. He was
a pious man, just wanted to seclude himself,
but
clearly he was needed elsewhere. Allah
had chosen something different for him. And he
left behind his son to finish the job
and take Constantinople,
Sultan Mohammed Al Fatih.
Okay. Let's go. This
is his grandson, Ahmed. Okay. Ahmed.
Shehzadeh Ahmed is there? Son of the Bayezid
the second. Right. And we have the Cem
Sultan. Cem Sultan was a prince
who was
the brother of
Sultan Mohammed al Fatih. Yes. He was brought
the brother of Sultan Mohammed Al Fatih, also
the son of
Sultan
Murad the second.
Cem Sultan is a very interesting character
who was given refuge in Europe, and he
was used to blackmail
the Ottomans
that if you don't pay us tributes or
money, we will unleash him, and he will
launch a rebellion against you. So here we
have this mausoleum was built for Shahzadeh Mustafa,
son of Muhammad the conqueror. Shahzadeh Mustafa died
in 1474.
Near his funeral first was brought to Konya
then to Bursa where he was buried in
the Muslim of his uncle, allowed.
Okay?
So Cem Sultan
is, Mustafa his name?
Mohammed Cem Sultan's name was Mustafa?
Cem. Cem. But may maybe it's another name
which he got. Yeah.
Cem. Sorry?
Yeah. Yeah. It says, but his head outside,
it says Jam Sultan.
Yeah. It says Jam Sultan. Yeah. It says
Jam. Okay.
Right.
So he was the son he was the
son of Sultan Mohammed al Fatih,
and he's buried in here.
Why was he born here?
Because he was a prince. This is him.
Very
famous character,
very well known character, Jame Sultan.
Okay? Father Sultan, Muhammad's father is. Son of
Muhammad the conqueror. Died in 14/95.
He spent a lot of his life
in Europe. And his brother,
the son of Sultan Muhammad al Fatih, Bayezid
II, was actually paying money to the Europeans
to keep him,
keep him so that he doesn't come and
launch a rebellion.
So the Europeans
at the time,
were using many Ottoman princes
as
bargaining chips.
Many Ottoman princes would escape from,
Ottoman territory, and they would take refuge with
Europeans because Europeans would give them refuge because
they were very
scared and terrified of the Ottomans. So they
wanted something
in their hands,
possibly royal princes, to bargain with the Ottomans.
So Cem sultan is a very well known
character. Shahada Mustafa.
We read about Shahzad Id Mustafa who is
a separate person to Jaimz Sultan. This is
where we got confused.
Okay? So Jaimz Sultan is a separate person
to Shahzad Mustafa. Okay? The son of the
mom that Fatih Yeah. This tomb Yeah. Built
by for him.
Alem Shah.
Alem Shah
was also a grandson of Sultan Mohammed Al
Fatih.
So I'm assuming their graves are kept simpler
in honor
in honor of Sultan Murad II because his
grave is very similar to this, And their
graves are left open from top.
Okay.
So
these are the tombs of Sultan Murad the
second, and some of his, children and grandchildren.
Well, have mercy on them and forgive their
mistakes and errors.
And this
is very important history for us to remember
so that we can,
Insha'Allah, you know, take inspiration from these characters
who came before us. They did a lot
for Islam and Muslims. But
the architect is beautiful. Yeah. Architecture is absolutely
amazing.
So now inshallah, we will make our way
to Sultan Murad the first who was killed
after the battle of Kosovo in 13/89.
And this is where our journey in Bursa
will end, and then we will make our
way to Istanbul, and we will do some
more vlogging from Istanbul for you for you
to see. And you can be here on
the ground with us on next trips Inshallah.
For that, you can go and check out
the future dates halalgetaways.com
inshallah. Halalgetaways
dot com. Here we are in front of
the tomb of Sultan Murad the first,
the shahid Sultan
who was killed
after the battle of Kosovo in 13/89. The
battle was won, and Sultan was on the
battlefield examining the battlefield
when one of the Christian,
crusaders,
one of the captives,
he stabbed the Sultan,
and he passed away.
Okay. The tomb of Murad the first,
who was martyred after the victory in Kosovo
in 13/89,
was built by his son, Yaldirim Bayazid,
Sultan Bayazid the first. The tomb which was
destroyed in the earthquake in the year 18
55 was rebuilt by Sultan Abdul Aziz in
18/63.
So this is where Sultan Murad the first
is buried.
We're gonna go inside
And it's a very high plain
in the city of Bursa.
His body was brought from Kosovo all the
way from Central
Europe or Balkans
to Bursa
to be interred
here.
So this is where
the shayid Sultan
sultan
Murad, the first,
is buried.
He was the 3rd Ottoman sultan.
The son of sultan Orhan Ghazi,
who was the son of Usman
Ghazi.
So it says,
Murad
Padishah,
born in 13/26,
the very year when Bursa was taken
and killed in 13/89
after the battle of Kosovo
was won.
After the victory in the battle, he was
assassinated by one of the captives.
The story is not very clear. There are
differences of opinion,
on how exactly was the sultan killed. The
circumstances
is not fully known, but it is clear
that he was killed
after the battle. And then
Sultan Bayazid the first came to power after
his father,
and he was the one who also besieged
Constantinople.
And while he was besieging Constantinople,
Timur Lain or Timur the Lain came from
Central Asia, attacked the Ottoman territory from behind.
And there was a battle called the Battle
of Ankara
where Sultan Majid the first was captured and
died in captivity.
He was the son of Sultan Murad the
first who was killed,
who was the only Sultan to have been
killed on the battlefield.
Have mercy on him. And then, of course,
there are princes
from the royal family
who are also buried here.
And
the dates of the.
So we ask Allah to
give them
for their
hard work and sacrifices.
I
mean,
Europe. And some of these columns and capitals
have been taken
from,
Roman sites.
These are Roman
capitals.
So inshallah, we will make our way to
Istanbul now
and visit some of the sites in Istanbul.
Until then,