Abu Taymiyyah – Fiqh Of Fasting Part 2 in Hanbali
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Sometimes I used to wake up in the
morning and I don't want any, or I
don't want to be fasting on that day,
and then I would fast.
Okay. So as long as the person doesn't
eat
or drink,
and he doesn't do some of the things
that he's going to invalidate
his fast, then he can fast on that
day. And this is for a voluntary type
of fasting.
K. This is it for a voluntary type
of fasting.
What does Ramadan mean? Have you ever guys,
like, thought about what does Ramadan or where
does his word come from?
He said burning, janeel.
Imam al Qutobi Rahim Allahu Ta'ala, he mentioned
this in mister Sur.
Ramadan was only called Ramadan
because it burns.
It burns
the evil deeds that a person has been
committing throughout the year
with the righteous action that he does in
the month of Ramadan.
K. This is why the when
you look at the word,
The best time to pray
is when it gets the hottest.
In place like Saudi Arabia, if you try
to walk outside, this happened to me one
time. And I started running from one side
of the courtyard all the way to the
other because they were giving out books and
I thought, oh, let me just go outside
without any shoes. My shoes are on the
other side of the Haram. I go into
the courtyard and wallahi started running.
I could not bear it, and we're looking
for a guy, we get told he's here,
We run
there. Then somebody said, no, he's there. So
I run on the other side of the,
the other side of the courtyard, and I
couldn't bear it.
There's times when it gets the hottest,
and that is what?
Before Duhar. There's a period before Duhar when
it gets the hottest. When the sun is
out, as you know,
as west.
And that's the best time to pray. So
in this
the dua. So in this hadith, salat of
the those who constantly repent back to Allah
as a way of the salah, they are
afraid of dua is when it gets the
hottest. The word
was used which comes with the root letters
as what? Ramadan. Right? So here
was mentioned, and the month of Ramadan, Shahru
Ramadan, comes from the same root letters.
Okay. So this is exactly where the word
comes from.
So the next issue that the poet
discusses
is,
how the
month of Ramadan is established.
Okay. We know that the month of Ramadan
has kicked in
through 3 ways.
2, in which the scholars have
unanimously agreed on. The third one, they differed.
What is the first way? The first way
is if the moon is sighted and seen.
And that's something that, you know, is very
well known. As Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says,
Whoever witnesses,
the month, meaning has seen the crescent,
then let him
fast,
then let him fast.
And the messenger
When you see the moon and fast, meaning
at the beginning of the month of Ramadan,
the end of Shaban.
And also if you see at the end
of Ramadan, then break your fast, meaning celebrate
the Eid ul Fitr.
Wadhih. So we know that if it is
seen with the eye,
then the month of Ramadan has kicked in.
And Ashtomimba has been unanimously agreed on. Okay.
The second way to know if the month
of Ramadan has kicked in is, and this
is also something that has been agreed on,
once 30 days comes to an end,
the month of Sha'ban.
30 days of the month of Sha'ban has
finished, then the month of Ramadan
has started.
This is when the Musa sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam he said,
And then he pointed with his fingers making
the sign of 30.
So these are two ways that we know
that the month of Ramadan has kicked in,
but the third one, they differed.
Imam Ahmad
was by himself on this issue, and the
majority of the scholars
of the hanaf, Imam Abu Hanif,
Imam Musham, you know, it's Imam Malik, they
took a different position.
But when you guys write this down, maybe
have a part of your page where you
write the madr of Imam Muhammad
And then all the other issues that I
mentioned, you may be mentioning it, you may
write it on another part. So you guys
know the position of Imam Muhammad
because we're trying to build ourselves on this
method. Right? And then later on, inshallah,
one can inshallah choose
to strengthen one opinion over the other. But
that's what we see when we,
study more and more insha Allahu Ta'ala.
So
we've established 2 ways, and these two ways
have been unanimously agreed on. Then the Mahdi
goes on to say,
Like, let me try to explain and break
that down inshallah.
The Muslims, they go out on the 29th
day.
We always have that day, right?
Where everybody is like wondering is it going
to be Ramadan tomorrow? Is it not going
to be Ramadan tomorrow?
And we're all wishing
that it is because we're so looking forward
to the month of Ramadan. Right? So the
Muslims, they go out in order to sight
the moon.
Okay?
But sometimes you find that your vision is
blurred.
It may be because there is clouds
covering the crescent,
or maybe because there is dust particles. It
is dusty, and you can't see the can't
see the crescent. Or maybe because there is
what?
Smoke covering the crescent.
Are you with me, guys?
We're not talking about when the sky is
clear. That has been unanimously agreed on.
We're speaking about now.
Muslims, they go out in order to sight
the moon, but something is covering their
vision of the moon.
In that case, the scholars have differed.
Imam Ahmed
says, it is wajib upon that individual to
fast. The Muslims have to fast on that
day.
Are you with me, guys?
This might come as a shock to some
of us. This was the madhul Imam Ahmed
Where did this whole discussion
roots off from? Where did it come from?
It came from a wording that was mentioned
in the hadith, when the messenger
If your vision is not blurred
because of maybe what? Clouds
or there being dust or there may may
be being smoke, whatever it might be. The
most important thing is that your vision has
now been blurred.
You can't see the crescent because of your
vision being blurred.
The method have stays and that's the official
position.
Okay?
That you have to fast the next day.
Because here the messenger
said,
And this is where they differed.
The interpretation
that the scholars they took out from this
particular wedding was different.
Because when you look at the book of
Allah as well as the verse of Allah
says,
Allah
says,
There's similarity. Right? It has the same root
letters. In the ayah Allah is saying, Allah
There is people that Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala
gives a lot of provision to.
And some people,
he doesn't give much to. He tightens it
on them.
So they took that meaning, they said
means
to tighten that thing or to tighten the
situation.
Meaning,
we're going to fast the next day.
But the majority of the scholars, the they
say no.
We have another hadith that explains this hadith.
What does the other hadith state?
If your vision is blurred,
then complete
30 days in the month of Sha'aban.
And this is a strong review on this
issue. Because we have the statement of the
messenger
that explains the other statement of the messenger
We also have something that
Amar Niasar
mentioned. He said,
said, whoever fasts, the day that is doubted,
the day of Sheikh,
which is basically this day that I'm speaking
about. Right?
This individual now he has disobeyed
was
depending on,
the Arab of the sentence.
Those who follow the,
just look at this narration of
just throw it behind them back, behind their
backs. No. They said,
k,
they completely gave it a
different interpretation.
They said if the Muslim comes out
and there is nothing covering his vision,
okay, and then he fast, and this is
when this hadith applies to him, Of him
having disobeyed Abu Bakr.
You with me, guys? But anyways, we don't
wanna confuse you guys. Point of the matter
is Imam Ahmed
holds the view that if the Muslim comes
down, they try to sight the moon.
And the vision is bread and he has
to fast. But but the majority of the
scholars say otherwise. So write down, Imam Muhammad
and concentrate on that for the time for
the time being because we're trying to build
our foundation on the mother Muhammad but
also bear in mind that all the scholars
mentioned that.
K?
If everybody's
witness accepted,
the one who sights the moon, and goes
to the Hakim, or goes to the judge,
or goes to the king of his country,
and tells him that I have now seen
the moon.
He has to have certain characteristics.
He has to be a trustworthy,
upright individual in his religion.
And this is exactly what was the case
with regards to the messenger sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam when some of the companions came up
to him.
And how many people do we need before
we say that the month of Ramadan or
we announce to the people that the month
of Ramadan has been established?
1, 2, 3. Who can tell me? Just
1 righteous person. 1
righteous,
upright individual is also trustworthy.
And this has been taken from the hadith
He
said,
The Muslims, they went out in order to
sight the moon.
So I ended up seeing it. I went
to the messenger
and I told him that I seen the
crescent.
What did the messenger
do? Did he tell him, no, I need
another person? He said that, no.
He fasted, and he commanded everybody else to
go and fast as well. This was narrated
by the Khamsa.
The 4 books of hadith, a who?
When I say al Khamsa, who do I
mean?
I remember I I asked you these guys
last year, and you all got it wrong.
Yeah.
No. No.
Yeah. No. I've been a manager. Where did
they have to come from?
They are the 4 books. A sunan. When
we hear the
it means Bukhari Muslim.
And then the other 4 books,
and also
But Ibn Hajah, a lot of these hadith
that I quote, you can find in bulu
almaram.
And Ibn Hajah,
sometimes
he says,
Narrated by the 5, narrated by the 4.
When he says narrated by the 5, so
we know the 4 who is the fift
one.
Imam
Ahmed. Where this said narrated by the 7,
it means Imam Ahmed the 4 and also
Buhari Muslim.
So here now this hadith is narrated by
the 5, Akharij al Khamsa. So that's one
hadith. Also you have the hadith,
And he said to
I have seen the prison.
So the messenger
tried to check out his what? His integrity.
He said
do you bear witness that nobody has the
right to be wise except Allah? He said
yes.
Muhammad
said, yes. Do you also bear witness that
Muhammad is the final messenger? He said, yes.
What did the Muslim do?
He said,
He told Bilal
to go and announce to the people to
fast tomorrow. And there was only 1 person
that came to the mess
Allah
says
this Whoever from amongst you,
okay,
witnesses
the moon and fast on that day.
So if you look at the end of
the technical meaning of a song,
k, carries
is
So he mentioned what? And
It is to withhold from something specifically.
Okay? Now what did he say? If you
walked in Maqsoos. And also the Imstaq, one
has to withhold
a specific time. Nobody said to you to
go and fast the whole day, the full
24 hours. And then what did I say?
With a specific intention. Right?
And the 4th thing is what? When you
look at the definition of a song in
its technical sense,
From a specific person.
Because the fasting, my brothers and my sisters,
is not mandatory upon everybody.
And this is what he mentions in the
last line of poetry in this chapter. He
says,
Every person has the ability.
Who's the one who has the ability?
The one who's sick and the one who
is traveling,
okay, does no longer applies to them.
Even though there might be
or they might have the ability to fast,
but is the wajah upon them? The answer
is no.
Allah
says,
Whoever is sick or is traveling.
Okay.
It is not the case as to why,
Allah
gave the permission for a person who's traveling
not to fast. Okay? Because sometimes he might
have the ability.
It is not the only reason why Allah
gave him the permission not to fast. But
it's from the reasons why, you know, when
you look at the Hikma and so on
and so forth.
K? Because sometimes people travel, but they don't
have any.
They don't have many,
meaning any difficulty. But the majority of the
people they do tend to find difficult,
okay, find it difficult to fast while traveling.
We will discuss it another time. Point of
the matter is the that he has to
have the ability. So the individual now has
become very very old in age.
Okay? It's become very, very old in age.
Like Anas and Mani cannot be Allah
When he became very, very old in age,
he never used to
fast. He used to do which will come
into inshallah and mention in Allah or later
on.
And likewise, a woman
who might fear for herself
because of her pregnancy.
Okay? And also maybe her breastfeeding.
Okay? We will elaborate on that later on
as well. So
somebody who has the ability to fast. If
the person doesn't have the ability, is the
fasting on that individual?
The answer is no.
Mean Muslim mean.
Also that person, he has to be a
Muslim.
If a a disbeliever, a non Muslim, wanted
to fast,
is this fasting going to be accepted from
him?
And also
is
he the answer is no.
Even if he was to fast,
he will come on your all
his good deeds will be like scattered particles.
He wouldn't get anything from it. As Allah
mentioned,
with a lot of good deeds
that he used to do. Maybe he was
nice to the people.
K? Maybe he did fast for a couple
of months because he wanted to try,
but he never embraced al Islam.
K.
And it's going to be like scattered particles,
and all the other good things that he
done.
A issue that is normally studied in
sharia.
All the kuffar, are they being addressed when
we find all of these ayats in the
Quran?
Establish the prayer.
You
know, also give zakat. Are they being addressed
as well?
The correct view is that they are being
addressed.
They are being addressed,
but at the same time, it is not
upon
them
to come with this.
But on Yomartiyama
is going to be punished for it.
So Yomartiyama is going to be punished for
his disbelief,
and also because
he didn't pray
when the time of the salah kicked in.
Or let's just say for example, this individual
had money in his bank,
and he had reached the nisab and a
whole year has gone past. If he didn't
pay the zakat, he's going to be punished
for that as well.
And if he lost the bread, he wouldn't
be accepted from it.
Every Ramadan that comes is going to be
what? Punished for it.
Firstly, because he didn't embrace the Islam and
also because that Ramadan went past and he
didn't fasted. Anyways, this is an issue that
he studied in Surah Al Firkh,
One of my favorite subjects. Right? Talked to
you guys about this last week as well.
You
know what? I, one of the scholars mentioned?
I'll repeat again.
Meaning
It's like a gate.
Okay. It's like a gate around the
which basically means what? The text will evidence
from the Quran, the sunnah. We call it
or nas
I know these words, they rhyme with one
another. What does mean? Means thieves.
Meaning those who try to steal from the
sharia.
How do you steal from the sharia?
By bringing into it things and taking things
out.
Father,
thought I'd mention that, You know, it was
a
part
of
the lesson.
And then he goes on to say,
somebody who is religiously obliged.
Somebody who is religiously obliged.
That means
it can't be somebody who hasn't reached the
age of puberty.
Okay. Somebody who's not bad,
and also somebody who doesn't have sanity.
So two
characteristics
need to be found. Somebody needs to reach
the age of puberty,
and he also has to what? Be sane.
Because the person who is not sane,
the fasting is not wise upon that individual.
So
let's talk a bit about
Buluq,
reaching the age of puberty. Recently I had
a brother who messaged me and he said,
brother,
okay,
I'm 14 years old
and I haven't had a * yet.
Okay.
And,
is the fasting? Is the month of Ramadan
right upon me?
I asked him a question.
Do you have any hairs growing on your
pubic area?
He said yes.
The other question that I asked him was,
did you have a *? In fact,
he didn't tell me that I had a
*. He just told me I'm at
the age of 14. I haven't reached
15 years old yet. So we understood that
one of the signs to know
if one has reached the age of puberty,
he has to be what?
15 years old. There is 3.
It's not just what it's not just 1.
Okay. In order for sorry, I'll rephrase that.
There are 3 alamats.
There are 3 signs,
okay, that cause us now to know that
one has reached the age of puberty, and
you only need one
from the 3 in order for
the fasting to become wajib on that individual.
And the salah and the rest of the
Ibadat.
Okay. So this individual, he did not reach
the age of 15.
So I asked him a question.
K? Do you have any pubic hairs? And
obviously, sometimes when you are, I know he's
a bit cringe in the * and a
little kid like, do you have that?
But I have to ask the question. Right?
I'm the one that's being asked the question
because he needs the answer while there and
it's actually really, really good.