Abu Taymiyyah – Fiqh Of Fasting in Hanbali Part 1
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So inshallah, I will read out,
the first few lines of poetry that we're
going to be studying inshallah,
and then the rest, when we reach that
stage, I'll be mentioning as well insha Allahu
Ta'ala. So the poet,
he says,
So the first thing that
the poet or the author begins to speak
about is,
What the tareef,
the definition of a song is.
We know that a song
has a linguistic meaning, and it also has
a technical meaning.
The linguistic meaning is what? Alimsaku,
to withhold from something.
If I say to you do a song
from Instagram, it means that you need to
withhold from Instagram. If I say do a
song from Facebook, or Snapchat, WhatsApp,
or to do the song from speaking, or
seeing your girlfriend, all of this means what?
To withhold from something.
Also the linguistic
meaning of song is found in the Quran.
When Jibreel alaihis salatu wasalam
came to Maryam alaihis salatu wasalam, what did
she say?
I seek refuge in Allah
from yourself if you are somebody who has
a taqwa. Later on when he explained that
he's a messenger, he is a prophet.
Sorry, not prophet. He has been sent to
her in order to give her glad tidings.
What did he say to her?
Because obviously now she has a child, right,
and she was never touched. She wasn't somebody
who used to go and sleep around. People
are going to be asking her, where did
you get this child from?
Jibreel said
to her, tell the people if they ask
you,
I have made a vow to Allah subhanahu
wa ta'ala that I am going to do
a song.
What was the song?
I am not going to be speaking to
anybody.
So this is the linguistic
meaning of what song means.
The technical meaning is to withhold
from something that inshallah
I will elaborate on. The scholars when they
define the technical meaning they say is
is,
And all these lines that I'm go I
previously mentioned, it covers this technical
meaning of what soul means.
And that which we need to withhold from
in the technical meaning of 2 types,
in the month of Ramadan specifically.
The first one is
to withhold from the things that is going
to invalidate
our fast.
And we know these things, they're very very
well known like
food and drink, and also what sexual *
as it came in the hadith when Allah
is the wajal. This is a hadith al
Husi by the way. Hadith al Husi is
that which the message of Allah is narrated,
Where Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is giving us
a message.
And the message of Allah, he himself, he
said,
And it is different from the Quran
because the hadith of course you can't read
your salah,
and you don't get the reward that you
would get for reciting the book of Allah.
For every letter we get reward, right? We
recite the book of Allah
But the hadith al Pulsi, you don't get
the same reward.
So the messenger
says, He leaves of his food, his drink,
and also his his desires for my sake.
So these are from the 3 most important,
okay, and the well known
Muftirat.
The things that invalidate a person's fast. InshaAllah,
when we reach the next chapter,
we will be mentioning
some of the things that invalidate someone's fast.
And these 3 are not the only thing.
These 3 things are not the only things.
Then you have the other
type that does not invalidate your fast, but
it reduces the reward that you get in
your fast.
Because we know that when Muhammad fast, and
when Jannah or Ibrahim fast, their reward is
not equal.
Some will get more than others.
We hope inshallah, everybody gets the maximum reward,
but in essence, not everybody might get the
same reward.
Are you with me my brothers and my
sisters? The messenger
said, Perhaps one might fast, and he gets
nothing out of the fasting except what? Zest
and hunger.
Imagine coming on Yomul Qiyamah, and the Ramadan
of 2019, you had absolutely zealous.
Because of you not being able to control
your tongue, not being able to control your
eyes, some of the things that you look
at on social media, and also not controlling
your ears.
And this is the real fast that is
going to help us attain the main objective
of fasting.
That's what Allah mentioned, right?
He prescribed upon us,
The hikmah behind you fasting is that you
attain a tafuah.
Because the tafuah that you attain is going
to
get your actions that you do accepted.
Umrah
He said, if I knew that once sijda
was accepted, I would have preferred to pass
away.
So he was asked why? He said Allah
he says,
Allah
only accepts
take you towards a direction. And this is
exactly what Jabir ibn Abdullah radiAllahu anhu said,
When you fast, then make sure you fast
from what?
Make sure your eyes fast. Make sure your
ears fast and make sure also your tongue
fast.
That's what's going to inshallah,
give us the reward that is going to
take us to a jannah.
So for a person now to just withhold
from what?
Food and drink, and then he can't control
his mouth.
The messenger salallahu alayhi wa samaudri say,
Whoever doesn't stay away from all Azur,
evil,
false, idle speech,
and also acting upon that, and the ignorance
that a person might do and say,
then Allah is not in need of him
what? Leaving off his food and his drink.
So we have the technical meaning that which
is split into 2 categories.
That which we need to withhold from, that
is going to what?
Invalidate
our fast if we don't. And then you
have that which is going to reduce the
reward that we get.
So here he said,
the song is to withhold
that which is now going to invalidate
our fast.
For a specific time.
For a specific time.
So when you look at the taref, the
definition of somm, as I mentioned earlier,
To stay away from something specifically.
And also at a specific time. And that
is what?
From sunrise all the way to
sunset. Okay? From sunrise all the way to
sunset.
Biniyatin Maqsusa, and I'm going to explain this
inshallahu ta'ala. Then he goes on to say,
With an intention
that is made inside the month of Ramadan.
This
specific intention that you make, my brothers and
my sisters, is vital.
Because if you don't make that intention, inshallah,
I'm going to elaborate whether one can do
it at the beginning of the month or
he has to do it on every single
night. But that that which is more important
than that is, one making the right intention.
We know that there is a principle
in our religion.
It is not
Even the
He says that the intention
is a condition for every action that you
do. And based on that intention,
your action
might either be accepted or it might become
corrupt.
This comes in very very handy. This is
why they say, this principle entered just about
in every single Ibadah. Where did this principle
get taken from?
Who can tell me?
The hadith of the missus
No action is accepted from the individual
except if it's done with the correct intention.
So if a person now is fasting in
the month of Ramadan because he wants to
lose weight,
Is this Ramadan been accepted? The answer is
no. You're not doing for the purpose of
what?
Getting closer to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. Recently
a sister messaged me saying
that the shaitan keeps playing games with her,
or the shaitan keeps giving her the thoughts
that you need to fast in order to
be a certain way,
or your body needs to be a certain,
a shape.
And if a person doesn't constantly fight with
himself, it could
lead to his
fasting being invalid.
So a person always needs to be what?
Doing jihad with himself, striving against himself.
And through that inshallah,
your intention will not be affected.
But if you let now the shaitan get
the better of you, sometimes you're praying, right?
Your mom walks in, and you get that
feeling of wanting to maybe impress your mother.
If you don't fight that off and the
shaitan gets the better of you, that salah
is incorrect, is invalid. You will need to
bring that salah again. Are you with me,
my brothers? But if you fight him off,
and the shaitan doesn't get the better of
you, even though he's there interfering
and disturbing your salah.
Your salah inshaAllah is going to be perfectly
fine. And this is the jihad Allah subhanahu
wa'ala told us
Those who strive in our way, we're going
to guide them to that which is correct.
A person striving, doing jihad with himself,
from staying away from the things he shouldn't
be
doing.
And
it's a means of a person
overcoming some of these challenges.
So here, this is very very important.
It has to be with the intention of
gaining closeness to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. And
that also you are doing the
obligatory fast of the month of Ramadan.
Because we know that the fasting is what?
Of different types. Some are some are what?
Sunnah.
That which is
is the month of Ramadan.
And also the one that a person makes
up after the month of Ramadan, if he
was ill for example,
or he was traveling for example, or a
woman now was on her menses,
and then she has to make that up
later on.
Also the
the vow that a person makes upon himself.
It says that if Allah gives
me a child, and I'm going to fast
insha'a Allah for 3 days.
That now
has become man of Torah upon himself. Are
you with me, my brothers and my sisters?
And then you also have the voluntary fast.
So a person now, okay,
he needs to differentiate upon what exactly he's
fasting for. Is he doing the obligatory fast?
Is he doing the
the voluntary fast?
By the way, here it says because,
in order for the the line approach you
to be,
to be upright. This is something that you're
going to learn in Almir Uru if you
ever embark upon that journey of learning Arabic
poetry. But the correct way of saying Ramadan
is what?
Ramadan.
Bahiyya says Ramadan.
The
next issue that inshallah wa ta'ala we're going
to be discussing here he says,
So as they discussed,
does the intention
need to be made
on every single night of the month of
Ramadan, or is it enough
for me to make the intention
at the beginning of the Ramadan, and thus
inshallah going to be sufficient for the rest
of Ramadan?
Here if you look closely, it says, Fir
Ramban.
Inside the month of Ramadan. And we know
in the Arabic language, the fee
is If I say for example,
That's a very simple term, or a couple
of words that have been put together to
say that Muhammad is inside the house.
From the meanings that he has in Arabic
language is if
you look closely, where this word came from
is adhar,
which basically means an envelope.
Okay? So sometimes from the meanings
of in the Quran, it will mean what?
Inside of something.
So here, when you look at it closely,
even in the Marik says,
in Arabic grammar. So from its meanings
is, okay, the fee is what? Inside. So
here in the middle of Imam Muhammad
one needs to make the intention
for every single night in the month of
Ramadan.
That's a bit difficult though. Right?
Where did he get this from?
They took it from the hadith
of Ummi
or the hadith of Hafsata
said that the messenger of Allah said,
whoever
does not make the intention
of fasting
the night before, that there's no for a
person.
There is no for the person who doesn't
make the intention the night before.
So this is exactly where he took it
from. And this is the official position of
the mad hub of Imam Ahmed Rahimahullah
ta'ala.
That the intention needs to be made,
okay, for every single night that he's going
to be fasting following day.
But the scholars you find, they discuss this,
they debated this. Some of them they mentioned
that if you do it, okay, at the
beginning of the month, that should suffice you
for the rest of the month that you're
going to be fasting in the month of
Ramadan. But is it safer? The answer is
yes. Why? Because we've had this hadith.
Even though the skills are different, whether it
is
or whether it is.
What does mean?
Means it stops at the.
Jameel, what does mean?
It says,
that which has been ascribed back to a
companion, whether it is a action or whether
it is a statement, then we say that
this narration
is But he also says,
Any action or any statement that has been
ascribed back to? The Messenger sallallahu alaihiwe say
this narration is what? Alaihi wa sallallahu alaihi
wa sallallahu alaihi wa sallallahu alaihi wa sallallahu
alaihi wa sallallahu alaihi wa sallallahu alaihi wa
sallallahu alaihi wa sallallahu al
Or is this actually a statement of the
messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam?
This is why Imam al Tirmidhi and also
Imam al Nasai
who are from the 6 books of hadith,
right? We always hear, Ravaha al Nasai, narrated
by Nisai, narrated by Muhammad They
led towards
the position of this narration being
it is safer.
Okay?
That a person makes the intention every night.
You know?
Anyways, you find that the issue is quite
broad. And the issue of the is something
that is Sahil, something that is, you know,
we can be easy going with.
With
regards to now,
a voluntary type of fasting.
Do I need to make the intention
the night before?
If I want to fast a voluntary fast.
The answer is no.
We're speaking about the obligatory fast. Whether it's
a kafara,
an expiation that a person
is fasting for, okay, because he end up
swearing by Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala, and then
he didn't,
okay,
fulfill that which is so awful.
We know that that time of fasting also
becomes wide upon that individual.
And likewise, so the
fasting that a person, he does because he
made a vow, and likewise the fasting that
a person does in order to make up
that which he missed from the month of
Ramadan,
he must make
and the intention the night before.
He must make the intention the night before.
But what about now when it comes to
the voluntary fast?
If an individual now, he woke up
at 12 o'clock.
K? And he decided to fast,
or even maybe at 3 o'clock, he missed
and he decided to fast. Can he fast
on a day?
The answer is yes.
The answer is yes. And this is exactly
what Aisha
mentioned about the messenger
She said,
Once upon a day, the messenger
was telling me he entered upon us.
He asked, is there anything in the house
that I can eat?
We said no. He said,
If that's the case, then I'm going to
fast that day, inshallah.
Then he came another day.
We have been gifted with a type of
food called hayes,
which is a very humble type of food
that the best used to eat.
He said, show me, for indeed I started
my day from the morning
while I was fasting.
And this hadith is in what? Sahih Muslim.
So point of the matter is here, the
messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam he fasted even though
he didn't make the intention in the night.
But then the scholars they discussed.
Okay?
Does he have to stop fasting before Zawal,
meaning before Duhr?
Okay. Or can he start fasting from after
Duhr?
K. First point is,
as long as he did not eat, or
drink or do something that is going to
invalidate his fast, then he can fast on
that day.
Are you with me guys? So he woke
up, he didn't have sexual * from Fajr.
Waleh,
or he didn't eat or drink anything. And
he didn't also
fall into the other things that invalidate one's
fast.
If he decides to fast,
but
does it have to be from before Zawal,
before Zawal, or after Zawal? The method of
Imam Ahmad
is that it can be
from any time of the day.
Are you with me, guys? It can be
from any time of the day. And this
was the position of some of the companions,
like
and also
And also
said, Whoever wants to fast
after zawal,
then it's okay for him to fast.
Anos ibn Abbas
said to myself,
Sometimes I used to wake up in the
morning and I don't want any, or I
don't want to be fasting on that day,
and then I would fast.
Okay.
So as long as the person doesn't eat
or drink,
and he doesn't do some of the things
that he's going to invalidate
his fast, then he can fast on that
day. And this is for a voluntary type
of fasting.
K? This is it for a voluntary type
of fasting.