Zakaullah Saleem – S 01 Ep 02 Aqeedah History Of Aqeedah
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AI: Transcript ©
As-salamu
alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu.
Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem, alhamdulillahi rabbil alameen,
wa al-aqiba tul al-muttaqeen, wa as
-salatu was-salamu ala rasoolihi al-kareem, wa
ala aalihi wa sahbihi ajma'een, amma ba'd.
Before we begin today's lesson, I would like
to once again remind everyone about the etiquettes
of sitting in a gathering.
Remember last week, those of you who were
here last week, I did mention briefly some
of the basic etiquettes of sitting in the
gathering and particularly in the gathering of seeking
knowledge.
So I would ask the brother sitting at
the back, if you don't have a back
problem, please move forward, please move forward.
This is from the Sunnah of the Companions,
Ridwanullahi al-Juma'een, that they would sit
together very close to each other, inshallah.
This is one of the basic etiquettes and
as I said last week, remember always, it
shouldn't be for the teacher or the speaker
every single time reminding you, you should adopt
this habit of sitting together in the majlis,
in the gathering, inshallah.
Jazakumullahu khairan.
Today we are going to talk about the
history of the aqeedah, the history of aqeedah.
What is aqeedah?
Does anyone remember?
We talked about the meaning, the linguistic and
the technical meaning of aqeedah last week, who
remembers?
Tie a knot and contract an agreement, good.
So these are the linguistic meaning of the
word aqeedah.
And the technical or as istilah, what does
aqeedah mean?
What is the technical meaning of aqeedah?
Belief, in simple words, belief.
Something that you believe in firmly, with the
complete satisfaction and the contentment of your heart,
it is called aqeedah.
In simple words, aqeedah is the other name
for iman, belief.
When we say the history of aqeedah, what
comes to your mind?
Where does that history start from?
From sahaba.
Any other answer?
Tawheed.
Yeah, but in terms of history, where does
iman or tawheed start from?
The first three generations.
Any other answer?
Creation of mankind.
Okay.
Jazakallah khair.
Any other answer?
Okay.
Revelation to the Prophet ﷺ.
Okay.
They are all correct answers, but the actual
beginning of the history of aqeedah is what
is mentioned in the Qur'an.
As the brother rightly said, from the creation
of insan.
Allah says in the Qur'an, وَإِذْ أَخَذَ
رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ
عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ In Surah Al-A
'raf, Allah says, وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي
آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ When Allah Subh'anaHu
Wa Ta-A'la produced from Adam A
.S. his offsprings, his children, وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ
And he made them witness upon themselves.
And he asked them, أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ Am I
not your Lord, your Rabb?
قَالُوا بَلَىٰ All of them, they said yes,
why not?
So this is the beginning of the history
of haqid and iman and belief.
Meaning when Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A
'la created Adam A.S. Every single human
being that was going to be born all
the way up to the Day of Judgment,
whether they call themselves Muslim or Jews or
Christian or Hindu or Sikh or those who
do not even believe in Allah.
Every single one of them, Allah asked them,
أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ Am I not your Lord?
All of them said بَلَىٰ Why not?
Everyone acknowledged.
Everyone knew.
And that is called, as it is said
in the books of aqeedah, عَالَمُ الْأَرْوَاح That
time of arwah when Allah Subh'anaHu Wa
Ta-A'la created the souls.
So Allah asked all the souls and all
of them, they acknowledged and they understood and
they said, Yes, we believe, O Allah, O
Rabb, O Allah, You are our Rabb and
You are our Lord.
And then Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A
'la also says in the Quran, in Surah
Al-Baqarah, كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً When Allah
Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la created the
human beings, all of them, they were أُمَّةً
وَاحِدَةً They were all one ummah, one nation.
One ummah means what?
Obviously the bodies are different.
Every single individual has different body.
Every single individual has separate and different limbs,
everything.
Brain, heart, limbs, part of the body, everything
is different.
So what, why Allah said أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً One
nation, all human beings, they were one nation.
Meaning all of them, they believed in Allah.
They were all holding one single belief that
Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la is
our Creator, He is our Lord, and He
is لا إله إلا الله All of them,
they believed that there is none worthy of
worship except Allah Dhul-Jalal.
And then people started drifting away from the
path of Iman and Tawheed.
Then, بَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ Allah says
they were all together, then they differed, then
Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la started
sending the messengers and prophets.
Who was the very first prophet?
نُوَّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا
أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ Allah says
in Surah An-Nisa, Verily, we reveal to
you, O Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, as we
revealed before you, starting from Nuh Alayhi Sallallahu
Alaihi Wasallam and the prophets after Nuh Alayhi
Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam.
Okay, so Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A
'la sent all the prophets and messengers with
one common message.
What was that message?
Tawheed.
Iman Billah.
Believing in Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A
'la.
Allah says in Surah Al-Anbiya, the Surah
that is named Prophets.
The Surah in which Allah Subh'anaHu Wa
Ta-A'la mentions about Ibrahim Alayhi Salaam,
Lut Alayhi Salaam, Dawood, Sulaiman, Ayyub, Ismail, Idrees,
Dhul-Kifl, Yunus, Zakariya.
Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la makes
the mention of all these prophets.
Hence, this Surah is called Al-Anbiya.
In this Surah, Allah says, We
did not send a messenger before you, O
Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, except that we revealed
to him.
Revealed to him meaning, we commanded him and
we ordered him to preach what?
There's none worthy of worship except Me alone,
so worship Me alone.
So the history actually starts from the time
of our creation.
Allah says, I never created the mankind and
jinkind, except that they worship Me alone.
The prophets and messengers, all of them, they
had one aqeedah, all of them.
They never differed on the matters of aqeedah.
They never differed on the matters of aqeedah.
That is why Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta
-A'la has mentioned the message and how
these prophets and messengers conveyed the message of
Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la to
their people, to their nations.
Allah says in Surah Al-A'raf, We
sent Noah Alaihissalam to his people and he
said to his people, There is none worthy
of worship except him Subh'anaHu Wa Ta
-A'la.
And the same statement Allah repeats when He
says, We sent to the people of Aad,
their prophet Hud Alaihissalam and he said the
same message, O my people, worship Allah.
There is none worthy of worship except Allah.
Then Allah repeats again, And to Thamud, their
brother Saleh, he said, O my people, worship
Allah.
There is none worthy of worship except Allah.
And to Midian, their brother Shu'ayb, he
said, O my people, worship Allah.
There is none worthy of worship except Allah.
The same thing Allah repeats in Surah Al
-Shu'ara, And then, And
then, So Allah Subh
'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la repeats again and
again that all these prophets, they shared one
common belief, and that was they believe in
the oneness of Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta
-A'la, in the Tawheed of Allah Dhul
-Jalalika.
When it comes to the laws and also
legislations, Allah says, All the prophets and messengers,
they had different Shari'ahs.
There were some matters that were permissible or
allowed in one Shari'ah, but they were
impermissible in other Shari'ahs.
But when it comes to the Tawheed of
Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la and
the belief and Iman, all the prophets and
messengers, they were one.
And it continued.
So those who differed from these prophets and
messengers, they were only those people who did
not believe in the prophets.
Only those who did not believe in the
prophets.
That's why Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A
'la said, The people of Nuh, they rejected
all the messengers.
Allah says they rejected all the messengers.
Didn't we say Nuh A.S. was the
first messenger?
How come Allah says they rejected all the
messengers?
The people of Aad, they rejected all the
messengers.
Allah says the people of Thamud, they rejected
all the messengers.
The people of Lut, they rejected all the
messengers.
The people of Ayka, the people of Shu
'ayb A.S., the people of Madian, they
rejected all the messengers.
So Allah keeps repeating, they rejected all the
messengers.
Why?
Although they rejected only the messenger of their
time.
The messenger and the prophet that was sent
to them, they rejected him.
But Allah says they rejected all of them.
Why?
Because that particular messenger, he shared the message
of all the other messengers.
And that was the message of the Tawhid
of Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la.
So it continued until the time of Rasulullah
S.A.W. The Sahaba, Ridwanullah A.S.
All of them, they were together in one
aqeedah, one iman, one belief, and they did
not differ.
They did not differ in the aqeedah and
iman.
They were all together.
And what was the book of aqeedah they
studied?
The Sahaba.
Does anyone remember any book?
It was only Quran.
This is what we said last week.
Your first source of taking aqeedah is what?
Quran.
The book of Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta
-A'la.
So the Quran, as well as the explanation
of the Quran, which is hadith and the
sunnah of Rasulullah S.A.W., that was
their book they studied and they understood.
They believed in these two, Quran and sunnah,
and they accepted wholeheartedly.
And they believed in them.
And they understood and they learned their aqeedah
from the Quran, from the hadith of Rasulullah
S.A.W. The Prophet S.A.W.
leaves this dunya.
He passes away.
And then the difference starts, or the ikhtilaf
and the firqah starts in the matter of
aqeedah.
So what was the very first issue related
to the aqeedah that became the matter of
ikhtilaf and the difference amongst the Muslims, you
can say?
The Book of Allah.
This is what some of the scholars say.
That was the very first matter.
Okay.
Any other answer?
Al-uluhiyah.
Sorry?
Qadr.
Qadr was one of them, but not the
very first one.
Okay, what kind of belief?
Belief in Allah.
What was the issue?
What was the problem?
Okay, let me give you a little clue.
Something that started happening during the time of
the Prophet S.A.W. Yes.
The continuation of prophethood.
That was the very first problem.
Someone was known as Musaylimah.
Musaylimah.
He claimed to be the Prophet.
In fact, he sent one of his ambassadors
to the Prophet S.A.W. And he
sent him a message that I'm also the
Prophet, so, O Muhammad, you should believe in
me.
And that fitna didn't stop from that time.
It continued until today and it will continue
until the Day of Judgment.
The Prophet S.A.W. has informed us
about this fitna.
And he said, there will be, one hadith
says, سَيَكُونُ فِي أُمَّةِ ثَلَاثُونَ كَذَّابُونَ تَجَّالُونَ كُلُّهُمْ
يَزْعَمُوا أَنَّهُ نَبِيٍّ The Prophet S.A.W.
said, from within my ummah, there will be
30 major kathab and tajjal.
We know, we always hear about one tajjal.
But the Prophet S.A.W. said there
will be 30.
And this is not the restricted number.
There are only 30, not going to be
29 or 31.
Rather, as the scholars have said, this is
to show that there is going to be
a large number of people who initially claim
to be Muslims, but then they will claim
that they are the Prophets.
And it happened throughout the history.
And even this age and time.
At the beginning of the last century, one
of the biggest fitna related to this, that
is known as khatm-un-nubuwwah, the end
of the prophethood.
Because we believe, as Muslims, that Muhammad Rasulullah
S.A.W. is the final messenger and
final prophet.
There is no messenger, there is no prophet
after Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. until the
Day of Judgment.
This is what Allah says in the Quran.
مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَاكِ
الرَّسُولَ اللَّهُ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ Muhammad S.A.W.
is Allah's messenger and he is the seal
of the prophets.
Seal means something that has been closed, completely
closed.
And he has been put as a seal,
that's it.
No more prophet.
But there are people who always claimed to
be the prophet.
And the one who claimed in the last
century was someone who was in India called
Ghulam Ahmad.
Ghulam Ahmad.
Qadiani from Qadian, from a region within India
called Qadian.
And his followers, now they call themselves Ahmadis.
And the scholars have given fatwa that it
is not permissible for Muslims to call them
Ahmadis.
Because we are Ahmadis.
We.
Muhammad S.A.W. is Ahmad.
And we are the ones who believe in
Ahmad.
Allah says in the Quran that Isa A
.S. informed his people, he said there will
be a messenger after me as Allah says
in Surah As-Saf وَمُبَشِّرًا بِرَسُولٍ يَأْتِي مِنْ
بَعْدِهِ إِسْمُهُ أَحْمَدٌ Isa A.S. said to
his people that I am here to give
you a glad tiding of a messenger that
is going to come after me and his
name is going to be Ahmad.
And Ahmad is another name of Muhammad S
.A.W. But these people, the Qadianis, when
they call themselves Ahmadis, they basically call themselves
Ahmadis because of Ghulam Ahmad, not because of
Muhammad S.A.W. And it is a
clear deception and they deceive people.
And many years ago, they used to have
a TV channel, they still have a TV
channel here, and they call it a Muslim
TV.
And many Muslims, many many Muslims, out of
the ignorance of their own Aqeedah, and out
of the ignorance of this particular aspect of
the Aqeedah, the Khatm-un-Nubuwwah, they kept
watching that TV channel, and many of them,
they were led astray because of their belief,
what they preached.
They believed that Ghulam Ahmad is a prophet
from Allah.
Although, when we read his books, we come
to know that he kept changing his mind.
He kept changing his mind.
Once he said that he is Mahdi, that
is predicted in the Ahadith of Rasulullah S
.A.W. Another time he said he is
Al-Masih Al-Mawood, Masih, or the Isa,
that has been predicted in the Ahadith of
the Prophet S.A.W. that near the
Qiyamah, Isa A.S. will appear, and he
will come to the people, and he will
spread the Deen of Allah S.W.T.
and he said, I am that Masih, about
whom the Prophet S.A.W. predicted.
And then eventually he said, I am the
prophet, and he said, I receive revelation.
And those people who were with him, his
supporters of that time, these people believed him,
and they called them Sahaba.
They called them Sahaba, the companions.
And after his death, after he passed away,
the one who took over, he is known
as a Khalifa.
The first Khalifa, then the second Khalifa, then
the third Khalifa, then the fourth Khalifa, and
now they have the fifth Khalifa.
Okay?
And it is, unfortunately, vast majority of Muslims,
they do not understand the danger of this
issue.
And there are people, even now on social
media, on TikTok and Facebook and Instagram, who
are Qadianis, but they don't openly claim to
be Qadianis, but we understand.
Those who understand their Aqeedah and their beliefs,
they can quickly pick up on them, and
they can understand that someone, he belongs.
And one of them is what is known
as a young Imam.
Okay?
He's a Qadiani.
He's a Qadiani.
But he recites the Quran beautifully, and people
follow him.
He has a huge following.
Who follows him?
Young Muslims.
So, unfortunately, this was the very first fitna.
As you can see, you can say it
started during the, you know, within the life
of Rasulullah ﷺ.
Then the second fitna.
The second fitna.
We are talking all about the history of
Aqeedah.
Obviously, as we said, there was one Aqeedah,
one Iman, one belief, no problem, no issues,
apart from those who did not believe in
the Prophets.
But now, after Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala
closed the door of messengership and prophethood, there's
not going to be any more prophet, no
any more messenger, until the Day of Judgment.
Now all these problems start.
So what was the fitna during the time
of Sahaba Ridwanullah Ali Majma'in?
After this fitna of Khatm-ul-Nubuwwah, what
was the fitna?
You can say Khawarij, but a little before
them.
Khalifa, yes, very close.
That was the fitna that was caused amongst
the Muslims by someone who pretended and disguised
to be a Muslim.
But he was not a Muslim, he was
a Jewish guy.
He was a Yehudi.
And he claimed to be Muslim.
His name was Abdullah.
Abdullah Ibn Sabah.
He is known as Fitna Sabaiyyah.
And he was from Yemen, from Sana'a.
And he started spreading the evil beliefs amongst
the Muslims.
One of them was that after Rasulullah was
passing away, someone who deserved the Khilafa was
his own relatives.
And they knew that amongst his relatives, the
closest to him was none other than Ali
Ibn Abi Talib.
The cousin of the Prophet and the son
-in-law of the Prophet.
Someone who was very close to Rasulullah.
In fact, the Prophet gave him Tarbiyah.
He was very young when he accepted Islam.
And the Prophet he said, whoever loves Ali,
he loves me.
And whoever hates Ali, he hates me.
And we love Ali.
And love for Ali is part of our
Iman.
According to this Hadith of Rasulullah, anyone who
does not love Ali, he does not love
Messenger S.A.W. And whoever does not
love Rasulullah S.A.W., he cannot be
a Muslim.
Impossible.
But these people took the advantage of this.
And this individual, Abdullah Ibn Sabah, he started
spreading this rumor amongst the Muslims that Abu
Bakr and Umar, they teamed up against Ali.
And Abu Bakr took over the Khilafa unjustly.
And the one who deserved the Khilafa was
actually Ali Ibn Abi Talib.
And then he started adding more beliefs in
this.
One of them was that Ali.
Do we not find within the Quran that
one of the names of Allah is what?
Ali.
One of the names of Allah is Ali.
As we find at the end of Ayatul
Kursi.
وَلَا يَعُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَّا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيِّ Ali Al-Azim.
One of the names of Ali.
So he is the one.
Ali is the one who is Allah.
نَعُودُ بِاللَّهِ مِن ذَلِكِ And he started spreading
that.
And there were some people who were weak
in their Iman.
They were new into the fold of Islam.
And they were led astray because of his
because of his preaching.
And he had some followers with him.
And during the time of Ali رضي الله
تعالى عنه When news came to Ali رضي
الله تعالى عنه that these people are saying
such statements about me he said I'm going
to punish them.
And he said to them I'm none other
than a servant of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى إِنِّمَا
أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ I'm nothing other than other
than a servant of Allah.
I'm the slave of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى How
can you say about me that I'm Allah?
And we know from the authentic Ahadith authentic
narration that Ali رضي الله تعالى عنه also
accepted Abu Bakr رضي الله تعالى عنه as
a Khalifa of the Prophet صلى الله عليه
وسلم And then he accepted Umar رضي الله
تعالى عنه as a Khalifa And then Uthman
رضي الله تعالى عنه But these people they
started spreading their own beliefs So they wanted
to distort the beliefs of the Muslims So
they started saying this And eventually Ali رضي
الله تعالى عنه had to punish them by
burning them And when سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى When Ali
رضي الله تعالى عنه When he said I'm
going to punish you with the punishment of
the fire because this is what you people
deserve You know what they said?
They said Okay You are going to punish
us with the punishment of the fire Now
we are even more firm in our belief
because no one can punish with the punishment
of the fire except Allah نعوذ بالله من
الله And apparently they called themselves What?
Shia They called themselves Shia The word Shia
means group And this word is used in
the Quran as well In the story of
Sayyiduna Nuh عليه الصلاة والسلام in Surah As
-Safat in Juz 23 Allah سبحانه وتعالى says
وَإِنَّ مِنْ شِيعَتِهِ لَإِبْرَاهِيمِ From the offsprings of
Nuh عليه الصلاة والسلام from the progeny of
Nuh عليه الصلاة والسلام was Ibrahim So they
called themselves Shia and they were known as
Shiatu Ali Shiatu Ali And these people were
the ones who gathered around Ali رضي الله
تعالى عنه during the time of fitna when
the issue and that was the political issue
Or in terms of the Sahaba, this was
the matter of Ijtihad and understanding between Ali
and Mu'awiyah رضي الله تعالى عنه We
Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah believe that both
Ali and Mu'awiyah رضي الله عنه May
Allah be pleased with both of them They
were both companions of the Prophet صلى الله
عليه وسلم Yes There is no comparison between
Ali and Mu'awiyah Ali رضي الله تعالى
عنه is far ahead of Mu'awiyah رضي
الله تعالى عنه because he is one of
those who accepted Islam in early days And
Allah said السابقون الأولون من المهاجرين Forerunners those
who accepted Islam in early days, they were
more closer to Allah And his messenger صلى
الله عليه وسلم Ali is from عشر المبشرون
بالجنة One of those ten companions about whom
Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم said by naming
them that they are in Jannah علي في
الجنة He is related to the Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم and he is closer to
the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in relationship
than Mu'awiyah رضي الله عنه But Mu
'awiyah رضي الله عنه is also a companion
of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم There
was a difference between both and that was
a matter of Ijtihad رضي الله عنه But
on both sides there were people who were
fueling that اختلاف and particularly those who were
with Ali رضي الله عنه Because their agenda,
their hidden agenda was to cause division amongst
the Muslims and cause problems, distort the beliefs
of the Muslims as well as to cause
division amongst the Muslims That is why at
one occasion when there was Ali and Mu
'awiyah رضي الله عنه both groups with the
involvement of some of the companions, because they
were companions on both sides, there were some
companions in the group of Mu'awiyah رضي
الله عنه and some companions in the group
of Ali رضي الله عنه with the involvement
of those companions, Ridwanullah المجمعين, they were about
to make a peace and there was a
dialogue between the both groups and then they
said we are going to write an agreement
and contract that we are going to cease
the fire and there is not going to
be anymore killing from each other, and then
what happened, in the darkness of the night
some people from the group of Ali رضي
الله عنه they started throwing arrows on the
group of Mu'awiyah رضي الله عنه just
to cause problems and they said ok just
before sunset these people agreed that we are
not going to fight and now they are
starting the fight again we are not going
to back off again problems started they were
huge many companions, Ridwanullah المجمعين, they were martyred
in these battles in these wars and there
was a time when Ali رضي الله عنه
eventually decided he decided to make a peace
with Mu'awiyah رضي الله عنه and when
we study the books of history and the
seerah and tarikh, we come to know that
Mu'awiyah رضي الله عنه he was so
open and he was ready to make a
peace, there was only few issues there were
other people who were fueling the fire and
the war on both sides so Mu'awiyah
at one occasion Mu'awiyah رضي الله عنه
he signed a paper, he said he sent
his ambassador he said take this paper to
Ali and ask him to write whatever conditions
he want to write and I'm ready to
make peace with him to that extent so
anyway at one point Ali رضي الله عنه
and Mu'awiyah رضي الله عنه both of
them they agreed to stop the fight and
from both sides they were some companions and
some other than companions who were the mediators
on both sides so Alhamdulillah they agreed on
peace on seizing the fire and the fight
stopped but now these people those around Ali
those who called themselves what Shia to Ali,
they did not like it and now we
are going to defeat our purpose and we
are going to lose our agenda so what
happened a group of them they pulled out
they pulled out and what happened they started
calling Ali نعوذ بالله الكافر ف Ali, you
made peace with Mu'awiyah you out of
all of Islam خرجوا على Ali they made
خروج against Ali and these are the people
who are called خوارج so you can say
those who initially they were with Ali with
those wrong beliefs or they had a hidden
agenda to distort the beliefs of the Muslims
and to cause disunity and division amongst the
Muslims amongst them appeared خوارج interesting story about
the خوارج and these people they appeared in
حرور an area or a small town or
village you can say near Basra in Iraq
and these people was known as حروريون or
خوارج later عبدالله عبدالله رضي الله تعالى a
great companion of the Prophet صلى الله عليه
وسلم and a cousin of the Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم the حبر الأمة one of
the greatest علماء amongst the companions and one
of the greatest مفسدين of the Quran عالم
الأمة حبر الأمة عبدالله عباس رضي الله عنه
when it came to his knowledge that a
group of people from the جماعة of علي
they have left him and they have turned
against him he came to علي رضي الله
عنه and he said do you allow me
to go and have a dialogue with them
علي رضي الله تعالى عنه he said إني
أخاف عليك I fear that these people may
hurt you and they may harm you he
said no let me go and have a
word with them, let me have a dialogue
with them, he said ok you can try
عبدالله عباس رضي الله تعالى عنهما he put
on a very beautiful cloak that was of
red colour and he had purchased from Yemen
and that time that was known as one
of the best cloaks so he put it
on and he went to them when he
arrived there, the very first thing they objected
to, they said what is that cloak of
عبدالله عباس what's wrong with it you claim
to be the companion of the prophet and
you're wearing such a lavish cloak and it
does not befit you عبدالله عباس he's an
alim he says cloak better than this was
worn by the prophet I myself saw the
prophet wearing a cloak like this, which was
even more beautiful, better than this they kept
quiet, obviously they didn't have any answer and
it is also mentioned, that is the narration
that Imam Hakim has quoted and he says,
when he entered upon them, he said assalamu
alaikum and these people, they never replied back
the salam he said assalamu alaikum and they
said, what are you here for he said,
I'm here to talk to you about your
problem with Ali رضي الله عنه and this
was the very first thing they objected to
about his cloak and then they said okay,
you tell us what are you here for
and he said, I want to understand and
know from you the reason why you have
left Ali and you have turned against him
they said we have three issues he said
okay, what is the first one the first
one is that how come Ali has accepted
someone from the creation of Allah from amongst
the human beings to become a mediator between
him and Muawiyah that is known as Masalatul
Tahkeem okay where the mediator, the hukm and
the judgment is only for Allah Allah is
the one who can pass the judgment other
than Allah no one has the authority to
pass any judgment but Ali, he appointed someone
from his side they believed according to them,
Muawiyah was out of Islam anyway, Muawiyah was
covered that is why they were fighting along
with Ali against Muawiyah, because they believed that
Muawiyah is out of Islam they said, we
thought Ali is Muslim and he is a
believer, but how come he accepted someone to
be a judge between him and Muawiyah and
he has given the right of Allah to
human beings hence we believe that Ali has
left the fold of Islam, didn't Allah say
in the Quran, the hukm is for none
other than Allah the judgment authority is only
for Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala Abdullah ibn
Abbas said okay, this is the first one
what's the second objection they said the second
one is that why did Ali stop fighting
against Muawiyah so we object to that why
did Ali stop fighting against Muawiyah if Muawiyah
is Muslim then by fighting against Muawiyah Ali
proved himself to be kafir because Ali was
fighting against Muawiyah and if Ali believed that
Muawiyah was kafir then why did he stop
fighting against kafir you understand the logic Abdullah
ibn Abbas said okay, this is the second
one what's the third one and they said
the third one is okay
the third one they said is that how
come sorry yes
the third one is that why Ali radhiallahu
ta'ala shies away from being called ameerul
mu'mineen for Ali radhiallahu ta'ala he didn't
like to be called ameerul mu'mineen and particularly
when there was that agreement happening that agreement
that took place between Ali and Muawiyah radhiallahu
ta'ala that was the matter of ikhtilaf
because Muawiyah the people on the side of
Muawiyah they wanted Muawiyah to be the khalifa
and the people with Ali they wanted Ali
to be the leader of the believers in
order to make a peace Ali so there
was one of the conditions from the group
of Muawiyah radhiallahu ta'ala that Ali didn't
call himself ameerul mu'mineen or the leader of
the believers he said okay it doesn't matter
so he rubbed that word off and he
said okay just write down my name this
is the pact and this is the agreement
between Muawiyah and Ali bin Abi Talib Muawiyah
bin Abi Sufiyan and Ali bin Abi Talib
get rid of the word ameerul mu'mineen they
said okay if Ali is not ameerul mu'mineen
if he is not the leader of the
believers then it means what?
he is the leader of kuffar by removing
that title ameerul mu'mineen he proved himself to
be the leader of the kuffar look subhanallah
the logic and the extremism so Abdullah bin
Abbas radhiallahu ta'ala said okay let me
answer you the first one the first one
you said about Ali radhiallahu ta'ala appointing
a judge between him and Muawiyah what if
I give you an ayah from the Quran
that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala allowed this
would you accept that?
they said yes he would accept the ayah
from the Quran he said Allah says in
surah an-nisa if there is a problem
between husband and wife and they cannot get
on with each other then one of the
solutions that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala suggests
in the Quran is there should be a
hakam, hakam means a judge or mediator from
one mediator from the side of the husband
and another mediator from the side of the
wife, so Allah used the word hakam, Allah
says appoint a hakam from this side and
from that side if both of them if
both of them, both mediators if they are
sincere that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala give
them tawfiq and ability to bring peace between
husband and wife, so he says Allah says
the word in the Quran hakam, Allah allowed
a hakam to be appointed did you accept?
he said ok, they accepted you can see
such a weak knowledge or you can say
they were ignorant people, they had very strange
beliefs and they were extreme so Abdullah ibn
Abbas r.a said let's move on to
the second point he said about Ali r
.a that why did he stop fighting against
Muawiyah, he said you know in the group
of Muawiyah there are some companions and amongst
them is your mother Aisha r.a she
is in the group of Muawiyah so if
Ali continues fighting against Muawiyah r.a what
happens, either your mother Aisha would be killed
or she would be captured ok, so would
you like that for your mother the mother
of the believers to be killed either you
believe that Aisha is your mother and then
you accept that yes our mother, the wife
of the prophet can be killed and she
can be captured, then that is a form
of kufr or otherwise you should say that
you do not believe Aisha to be your
mother but Allah said in the Quran the
wives of the prophet s.a.w. they
are the mothers of the believers that is
why Ali stopped fighting against Muawiyah no answer,
kept quiet the third one he said the
third one your objection is why Ali r
.a removed the title Amirul Momineen with his
name what if I give you a better
example and that is the example of Rasulullah
s.a.w during the treaty of Hudaibiyah
didn't the kuffar objected to the word Rasulullah
and they said we are going to have
that treaty between the people of Quraysh and
between Muhammad s.a.w and they said
remove the word Rasulullah and who was the
one who was writing this it was none
other than Ali r.a Ali was the
one who wrote initially that this is the
agreement between the people of Mecca and Muhammad
Rasulullah s.a.w when those people objected
the prophet s.a.w said to Ali
remove this, delete this, the word Rasulullah instead
write this is the pact between the people
of Quraysh, the people of Mecca and Muhammad
bin Abdullah Ali r.a then he said,
oh my senior of Allah, I can't do
this out of his love because of his
Iman love for the prophet s.a.w
he said you know, and obviously Umar r
.a he was very upset he said oh
my senior of Allah what are you doing,
the prophet s.a.w said just for
the purpose of bringing peace, he s.a
.w said remove it, so when Ali r
.a said oh my senior of Allah I
can't delete it, the prophet s.a.w
said you let me know where the word
Rasulullah is written so that I can rub
it off myself he says who which title
is bigger Amirul Momineen or Rasulullah the prophet
s.a.w got rid of the word
Rasulullah along with his name next to his
name there was no problem and you object
to Ali r.a why he removed the
word Amirul Momineen, obviously after that they had
no other objection he said is there any
other problem any other issue, they said no
day and then all together it is mentioned
in the narration there were about 6000 people,
6000 they were all together 6000 and they
were getting ready to fight against Ali r
.a but Abdullah ibn Abbas r.a he
knew that Ali r.a also had a
problem you know for many years he had
a problem with Mu'abiyah r.a and
that just settled and now this new fitna
is coming up, so he wanted to basically
get rid of this fitna, so that is
why Abdullah ibn Abbas went to them and
he had dialogue with them and there was
benefit so 2000 amongst them they converted and
they came back, they left Khawarij but the
other 4000 they were still stubborn and they
didn't accept and then Ali r.a he
fought against them he fought against so what
was the fitna in terms of aqeedah, we
are talking about the history of aqeedah, what
was their problem their main issue was that
anyone who commits a major sin he is
out of hold of Islam someone who commits
zina he is kafir someone steals, he is
kafir someone abandons salah, he is kafir someone
lies, he is kafir backbites, kafir so they
had their stamp of kafir, kafir, kafir, kafir
and unfortunately that mentality still exists it exists
until this day, that extremism and you know
what the Prophet s.a.w. said about
Khawarij the Prophet s.a.w. had predicted
about this fitna, he had predicted and the
one who was the founder of this fitna,
he was someone who initially in first place
he objected to Rasulullah s.a.w. he
was their leader he was the one who
was leading them, he was the one who
was leading this fitna during the time of
the Prophet s.a.w. there was some
woe booties the Prophet s.a.w. was
distributing the woe booties amongst the companions and
this individual stood up and he said be
just amongst us Prophet s.a.w. said
who is going to be just if I
am the messenger of Allah is not just,
who is going to establish justice if I
am not going to establish justice what's the
problem he said you are giving so and
so such and such tribe the booty and
you are favoring them and you are depriving
us in this and that then the Prophet
s.a.w. at that point he said
from the progeny of this individual there will
be people there will be a group of
people from the progeny and the followers of
this individual who will apparently look so pious
and righteous they will be reciting the Quran
but but the Quran will not pass their
throat meaning the Quran will stay only on
their tongues and it will have no impact
on their hearts on their brains and the
Prophet s.a.w. even said to his
companion one of the that you my companions
my followers you will belittle your Salah your
Zakah or your good deeds against their deeds
meaning they will be apparently so pious and
righteous and you people will believe that you
know these people are so righteous and they
are better than us and this is what
exactly happened the one you know it is
mentioned in another narration when Abdullah ibn Abbas
went to them to have a dialogue with
them he came back and he reported Abdullah
ibn Abbas himself he reported he said the
whole camp of the Qari where they were
sitting together they were all reading Quran out
loud all of them they were busy in
reciting the Quran and amongst them was the
one who killed Ali r.a the Rahman
ibn Muljim and when he was caught and
he knew that he is going to be
killed and he begged those who caught him
he begged to them he said if you
want to punishment me you are free to
punish me to punish me but I have
a request, the request is please do not
hurt my tongue so that I can continue
remembering Allah look he killed Ali r.a
and he is so you know concerned about
remembering Allah that mentality and that extremism unfortunately
it continued continued after you know centuries and
we have people unfortunately who apparently seems to
be very very pious but you know when
it comes to the matter of Aqidah they
are ignorant and Juhal and they have the
stamp of Takfir, Kafir, Kafir, Kafir Kafir, the
rulers are Kafir so and so Kafir, so
and so Kafir, so and so Kafir, according
to them everyone is Kafir except them anyone
who agrees with them he is Muslim other
than that they are all Kafir and this
is Islam does not allow the Prophet s
.a.w call about these people he said
you know the Khawarij he predicted about them
and he said they would be the dogs
of the fire of * these people are
the dogs of the fire so this is
another issue that is why from the time
of Sahaba and then the followers of Sahaba
they stood up against this fitna and they
made it clear yes we do believe that
disobedience to Allah s.w.t in any
form or shape is not permissible minor sins
or major sins they are all prohibited but
major sins does not take the person out
of fold of Islam he is a sinner
he is committing sin and he he deserves
punishment from Allah s.w.t but it
doesn't mean that the person has left the
fold of Islam so that was another matter
related to the matter of Aqeedah that the
Ulama of that time amongst the companions they
gave fatwa against them so we talked about
the Shia and before that those who followed
the false prophets and the Shia then Khawarij
and during that time appeared other fitnas as
well those who rejected the Qadr the decree
the Qadr of Allah s.w.t they
rejected they said there is no such thing
Qadr that Allah has written everything and everything
happens by the permission of Allah s.w
.t they said no the Insan and the
human beings they are the creators of their
own actions and Allah s.w.t does
not know until and unless people do something
then it comes to the knowledge of Allah
s.w.t so they rejected the Qadr
and there was another extreme that are called
Jabariyya another fitna and they believed that the
Insan and human beings they are Majboor, Majboor
means they are forced no one has a
free will rather everything happens according to the
Qadr of Allah and Allah forced people Allah
forces people to commit sins so they blamed
the Qadr the two extremes and again the
Sahaba including Abdullah ibn Umar, Abdullah ibn Abbas
r.a. and other companions they stood against,
they stood up against these fitnas these are
the matters related to Aqeedah and then during
the time of Hasan al-Basri a great
Tabi there was another fitna that was a
huge fitna and that was the fitna of
the Mu'tazila Mu'tazila there was a group of
people who used to attend the gathering of
Hasan al-Basri r.a. a great Tabi,
the Mufassir and Muhaddith and they used to
sit with him and they started you know
having differences with him on certain issues eventually
one of them he stood up in one
of the Halaqat, one of the Majlis and
the gathering and he went to the other
side of the other corner of the Masjid
and other people also stood up from that
Majlis, from that gathering and they started having
their own gathering within the same Masjid Hasan
al-Basri r.a. he said these people
have gone away from us and they have
left us, from that they were known as
Mu'tazila those who left and these people they
were influenced by the Greek philosophy and the
beliefs trying to make everything you know, rational
when it comes to believing in Allah, it
has to be according to rational you know,
if for example when it comes to the
matter of Allah s.w.t being above
the throne they try to understand from their
own understanding and their rational and they said
no it can't be true okay, so they
started rejecting the Sifat of Allah s.w
.t, so this fitna continued continued and the
Imams of that time they started now along
with the Fatawa they started writing books against
them and one of the earliest books that
was written on the subject of Aqidah in
order to fight against all these fitnas was
the book that was written by Imam Abu
Hanifa r.a you know the name of
that book is what?
the book is on Aqidah on the subject
of Aqidah the name of the book is
Al-Fiqh Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar the greatest
fiqh this is what we say Ahlul Sunnah
wal Jamaah Ahlul Hadith that any fiqh comes
after the fiqh of Aqidah the major fiqh
is the fiqh, fiqh means understanding the comprehension
if you do not understand your Aqidah and
you indulge into the matter of fiqh and
say ok fiqh fiqh fiqh, all your focus
is on fiqh, but when it comes to
the matter of Aqidah you say no no
no no don't talk about the matter of
Aqidah, it causes disunity amongst the Muslims, what
are you talking about?
Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar Abu Hanifa, he named
that book Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar, the greatest
fiqh, do you find in that book the
faraid of wudhu and the faraid of Salah
and the mustahabbat and sunan of the wudhu
and Salah and ghusl and tayammum and this
and that, you find Aqidah he wrote that
book against, to basically refute all these fitnas
and this is what we say before you
study and you indulge into the matter of
fiqh, Aqidah understand your Aqidah, learn Aqidah this
is the core and this is the foundation
of your religion and don't be deceived by
those who whisper in your mind no no
no don't talk about Aqidah Aqidah you know,
we want unity amongst the Muslims and unity
and if you talk about the matter of
Aqidah it causes disunity, subhanallah Aqidah is your
core and Muslims can't be united unless and
until they unite on Aqidah and Iman it
never happened in the history and it will
never happen the unity amongst the Muslims without
without having strong Iman, without correct understanding of
the Tawhid of Allah, how is it possible
so that was one of the earliest books
and then this fitna of Mu'tazila continued until
the time of Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal Rahimahullah
Imam Ahmed, Imam Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah Nasirul
Sunnah wa Qamiul Bidah the one who helped
the Sunnah of the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam
and he stood up to support the Sunnah
and to save the Iman and the belief
of the Muslims and he took upon himself
to he took upon himself that responsibility to
fight against those who wanted to distort the
belief the Islamic belief and what was the
core issue the issue as I said Mu'tazila
they believed they rejected the Sifat of Allah
subhanahu wa ta'ala that is a huge
topic within the subject of Aqidah, believing in
the Sifat and the attributes of Allah subhanahu
wa ta'ala and amongst them obviously when
they rejected the attributes of Allah, amongst the
attributes of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is
the Sifat of Kalam, the speech of Allah
subhanahu wa ta'ala we Ahlus Sunnah wal
Jamaah we believe that the Sifat and the
attributes of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala are
not created because they are the attributes of
the creator and the attributes of the creator
can't be created okay it's as simple as
that and Quran is what?
Kalamullah, the speech of Allah when you say
Quran is the speech of Allah, Kalam of
Allah it means what?
it is the Sifat of Allah, it is
the attribute of Allah and it is not
created but these Mu'tazila they insisted on that,
so much so that they managed to convince
one of the Abbasid Khalifa called Ma'munur Rashid
they managed to convince him on this matter
and after passing away of Ma'munur Rashid this
fitna started spreading, Imam Ahmad stood up against
this fitna and initially there were some other
Muhaddithin, some other scholars who stood up against
this fitna but Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala
wanted to keep the name of Ahmad bin
Hanbal alive until the day of judgment and
Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala gave him that
honor to be called Imam Ahlul Sunnah wal
Jama'ah there were other scholars that time
they either kept quiet or they apparently within
their heart they did not believe in it
but apparently they said yes we believe the
Quran is the creation of Allah but from
within their heart they did not believe in
it, just out of the fear of the
punishment of the ruler and then after Ma'munur
Rashid came next Khalifa, Abbasi Khalifa, Mu'tasim Billah
and he was so firm, he was very
firm on this, so much so that he
wrote a letter to all his governors, he
said preach to your people that Quran, Al
-Quranu makhluq and whoever rejects them whoever does
not believe in it you have to punish
him and the letter came to Baghdad and
Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal he was in Baghdad
Imam Ahmad Rahimahullah he said I can't accept
this I can't accept this, the Quran the
speech of Allah is the creation that is
the Sifah of Allah how can the Sifah
of Allah be the creation of Allah Imam
Ahmad Rahimahullah he had to face that punishment
and it is mentioned in the history that
Mu'tasim, the Khalifa, the ruler of that time,
he himself used to beat Imam Ahmad bin
Hanbal Rahimahullah he himself he used to beat,
because he knew if Ahmad bin Hanbal turns
away from this belief, the rest of the
Muslims, they are going to turn away as
well but Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala had
written that honour for Ahmad bin Hanbal Rahimahullahu
rahmatan wasi'a wa nawarallahu marqada wa taghamadahu
bi rahmatihi alwasi'a may Allah Subhanahu wa
ta'ala send his mercy upon the grave
of Ahmad bin Hanbal Rahimahullahu ta'ala so
Ahmad bin Hanbal stood up against this and
then after Mu'tasim there was next Khalifa, Wafiq
he again continued and after that there was
the fourth one who was, who basically allowed
Ahmad bin Hanbal Rahimahullah to preach the correct
Aqeedah then Imam Ahmad Rahimahullah continued and then
he wrote a book he wrote a book,
Usul-us-Sunnah and then his son also
wrote a book, and then other scholars, they
started writing books on various matters of Aqeedah,
on the Asma wa Sifah, the names and
the attributes of Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala
and the Arsh of Allah Subhanahu wa ta
'ala and the other matters and the other
matters within the subject of Aqeedah, many scholars
they wrote books, and many of them initially
they named their books Al-Iman Al-Iman,
Al-Iman there are many books that were
written under this name, and then it continued
and the scholars throughout the centuries they continued
writing the books of Aqeedah and anything related
to Aqeedah that you call it deviant belief
all of those deviant beliefs goes back, they
go back to those initial issues either amongst
the Qadariyya, Jabariyya Mu'tazila, or then another one
was Jahminiyya, or all these beliefs, they go
back to those and the scholars have written,
may Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala have mercy
upon them those who preserve the Deen of
Allah Dhul-Jalal Ikram and the belief and
the Aqeedah and the Tawheed of Allah Subhanahu
wa ta'ala, and may Allah Dhul-Jalal
Ikram give us Tawheed and ability to learn
our Aqeedah and to understand the importance and
significance of Aqeedah, may Allah Subhanahu wa ta
'ala allow us to understand His Tawheed in
a correct way Subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika Ashadu
an la ilaha illa anta astaghfirullah
Thank
you