Yasir Qadhi – Q&A How do we calculate when Sahoor ends

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			Salam aleikum wa rahmatullah wa barakato Alhamdulillah wa Salatu was Salam ala Rasulillah who Allah
Allah He was happy woman with a hammer, but I welcome you to another episode of our regular q&a and
today inshallah we'll jump straight in our first question from Brother a nuke from the Netherlands
he asks about in the month of Ramadan, the timings of Soho, and he says he is confused because he
has heard a lot of this controversy about the angle some say 14 degrees, some 15, some 18. And to
add to this sister Manisa, from the Emirates asks that in her prayer app, she has the option of
choosing multiple timings for Fajr. And for Aisha, she mentioned there's the honorable Cora timing
		

			the Muslim League timing isn't a timing the Islam about timing methods. So which one should you use?
And what is this all about? Now, this question is, of course, very relevant to us, because Ramadan
is around the corner. And those of us living in western lands are using apps, we have the added
confusion and controversy of having different timings depending on which Masjid prints, there might
be two messages in the literally same vicinity. But the timings of in soccer or stopping to eat to
hold, or maybe 2030 minutes apart and different from one another. And it gets confusing. And to add
to this, we can actually calculate different timings based upon the app, the app that I have,
		

			actually, I looked at it today, there's seven different choices, I have the option to choose which
angle to put in which group of scholars, you know, has the timings of the hour. So this is actually
a very, very interesting question. Where is this controversy coming from? And what should the mostly
average Muslim do in order to figure out what time they should stop eating and drinking what time
the suhoor ends which is, of course, the beginning time of Fudger now, I'm going to respond in a
generic manner and then in an academic manner, the generic manner is as follows. The average Muslim
should not be figuring out himself or herself which position they want to follow. Simple as that. If
		

			you're living in a Muslim majority land if you're living in a land of Islam, you follow the
timetables that your Islamic affairs ministry that your Mufti provides, and you leave it at that you
individually are not going to break away from the GEMA from the congregation of Muslims, and
whatever timings that the official ministry announces that the official Mufti of your land announces
then stick with the GEMA and indeed, that is where the baraka will lie. And if you are living in a
minority land like we are in America or their places, then my advice to you is to follow the masjid
that you usually pray at and the masjid that you associate with and the messenger did you pray Juma?
		

			And, and again, don't worry about the academic discussions, this is not something the average Muslim
does not go and, you know, sift through the fatwas and choose the fatwa that they think is, you
know, the one that they should choose, this is done by those who are qualified in my entire q&a, I
try to give you the alternative opinions, in order that if your Hanafi Shafi Malik, whatever you can
choose, you can choose that position or if you wish to follow the position that is considered to be
or the position that I personally for example, follow that too. For example, if you are following
over all the positions, then inshallah that is something that it is up to you. However, what you
		

			cannot do is as we said, Pick and choose every single time a new controversy comes. So if you are
following your local Masjid that hamdulillah now suppose you are a part of the board of the masjid
and you need to decide which of these positions are you going to follow? Or you're simply a curious
listener, you're going to follow your local masjid, but you're a student of knowledge you want to
know where is this controversy coming from? Well, in order to answer that, Inshallah, we'll go into
a bit more detail. But again, I want to emphasize that this is just information purposes only. It is
not meant for you to go against your own group or community or Masjid. Indeed, unity is far more
		

			better than following a fifth position that there is plenty of diversity in and Allah's baraka and
Allah's hand is over the GEMA of the Muslims. Now, in this regard, in this regard, we need to say
that these differences that we're talking about, they actually don't really matter if you're close
to the equator, if you follow the Omo Quran or if you follow the ISNA or if you follow this in
reality, if you're close to the equator, these different methods barely affected the timings.
However, if you go very much north or south, the closer you are to the two poles, this is where
these time changes are manifested. And in some
		

			CTS, for example, even here in North America, if you follow one position, you might have a 40 minute
gap or a 50 minute gap. And I know that in some places in England, you might even have an hour and a
half gap between the two methodologies. So it does, in fact, become a much bigger issue at the
higher up, you go in latitude. And the two timings that we are particularly concerned with are the
timings of the beginning of the Fajr, which is the end time of the eating Soho, and the beginning of
Asia. And we are more concerned with the beginning of Fudger. Because obviously, that's when we're
going to be eating our soul. And the, we need to understand that the beginning of Fudger and also
		

			the beginning of Russia, these two times are not times that can be calculated precisely, rather,
they are a generic timeframe depending on the observation of the eye. Allah says in the Quran for
Kulu, which caribou had Yatabe and hola como Hayato. OBO men are hytrel SVOD mineral Fajr, eat and
drink, until you can discern, differentiate, tell the difference between the white thread of dawn
from the black thread of the night. Okay, this is a verse in the Quran, and the prophets has
interpreted it that you can see the entire horizon light up in a horizontal thread horizontal white
thread, that is the time that the true Dawn begins because there's something called a false dawn.
		

			And the false dawn is when you see the twinkling, when you see some brightness of the sun, but it's
not horizontal, it is vertical. And slowly but surely, that vertical becomes more and more until you
see that clear horizontal. That is the time when we're supposed to stop our server. And we're
allowed to pray Fudger however, that timing is not something that is dependent 100% on the position
of the sun, but rather on multiple factors, it depends on the light that is that our eyes are able
to catch. And that amount of light is not scientifically predictable via an equation for each and
every location on Earth. In fact, it varies from season to season, and place out altitude. If you're
		

			on the top of a mountain, it's not going to be the same. If your city is higher up from sea level,
it's not going to be the same as if it is at sea level, it varies depending on geographical
barriers, and many other factors. In fact, it even varies on your own perception. And the the the
		

			how powerful your eyes are, you know, so weak eyes, perceptive eyes, all of this is going to be
there. And also judgment, there's a judgement when exactly does that full line comp. And to give you
an example, let's give you a diagram. Let's move on to our first diagram, I have a number of
diagrams to show you. Let's move on to our first diagram here. So you see over here that the sun
rises from the east and sets in the west, right? We understand this, the sun rises in the east, from
our perspective and sets in the west. And when the sun is rising from the east, when the sun is
below the horizon by around 18 degrees or so there is a time known as Twilight. And Twilight means
		

			that the sun is not actually visible, but the rays of the sun are visible to us, okay, so the rays
of the sun, they start glowing, and they start showing certain things around us but the sun itself
is not visible, then of course the sun rises and it keeps on going all the way down. And then it
goes to the west side for us. Obviously, I'm being relatively obviously the sun itself does not you
know, go east or west of that it is the earth does that but still, from our perspective, the sun
rises in the east sets in the west and when it sets in the west once again the same thing happens as
soon as the sun sets. As soon as the sun sets, there is some time that twilight time that we can
		

			still see things and then the Orisha comes when that twilight time finishes. So, we see the
beginning of Fudger and the beginning of Russia are essentially the two opposites of the sun rising
of the sun setting meaning that when you include the twilights right so not the actual sunrise and
sunset, the actual sunrise is the end time of Fajr the actual sunrise is when Fajr ends and we are
talking about when Fajr begins which is that that gray area of the Twilight and the sunset is when
Margarita begins and then when the Twilight finishes when the reddish Enos of the sky finishes, then
Russia begins Okay, now we can move back inshallah. So to make things to make things more complex.
		

			In fact, that area of Twilight is actually not one area where there are actually multiple areas
within it. And you also have to consider the fact that every single person when they look at the
horizon, they're not necessarily seeing the actual horizon. There are many, many factors that come
into play. Sometimes the horizon is obscured by trees.
		

			by buildings by mountains, sometimes you're of course, if you're in the ocean, that is the ideal. If
you like horizon, that's really the best horizon that you have over there. But the main point I want
to emphasize we saw that Twilight area, in reality that Twilight area can be subdivided into many
different categories. And this is what the astronomers have done from the beginning of time, and
especially in our times, they have it down to a science. So if you can look at the second slide over
here, we can see the actual zones that astronomers have demarcated for the angles of the Sun visa
vie the horizon, and we see very clearly that what we call Twilight is actually at least three
		

			different levels or layers, and that is astronomical, Twilight, nautical twilight and civil
twilight. And so in reality, there are three different Dawn's from a purely astronomical
perspective, there is an astronomical Dawn, there is a nautical dawn, and there is a civil Dawn and
the civil twilight, which is of course, the closest to the sunrise and sunset, the civil twilight is
when the sun is the light of the sun is still bright enough that we don't actually need any
artificial lights. So for walking outside, you know, after we pray, Fudger, and before the sun
rises, right, so right before the sun rises, in fact, it is so bright and so beautiful, that really
		

			you don't need any light that is the civil that is the civil twilight. And before that is the
Nautical twilight. And the Nautical twilight is defined to be when the geometric center of the Sun
is 12 degrees below the horizon in the morning, and it ends when the geometric center is six degrees
in the morning. And you can also say that nautical twilight is when the horizon at sea, that's what
it's called nautical, on the horizon at sea level is no longer visible and altitudes cannot be
determined by referring to the horizon. That's why it's called nautical because it does play a role
when you're in the ocean. And then we have astronomical twilight, and astronomical twilight begins,
		

			obviously, after astronomical dawn, when the geometric center of the Sun is 18 degrees below the
horizon in the morning, and it ends when the geometric center of the Sun is 12 degrees below the
horizon and the nighttime so we have here, astronomical, nautical and civil Okay, now what I want
you to understand is very, very important here. I hope you guys are paying attention to this to this
sign to this diagram in front of us. What I want you to understand is that most of the Islamic apps
and many of the FET was from earlier timeframes, which had been replicated to our timeframes, they
took the notion of astronomical twilight which is 18 degrees, and they said that is the time for him
		

			sack and they base this primarily on the fact that that is the definition of astronomical twilight.
Now we can get back to the lecture who was the diagram is now done. The point here is that the
shorter the time of M sack, the shorter II time of not eating and drinking is not related to the
astronomical definitions. And in fact it is in between the astronomical twilight, the astronomical
Dawn and the nautical dawn, the shorter am sack is not the same as the astronomical Dawn because the
shutter am SAC is not defined by the astronomical dawn the shutter em sag is defined by the Quranic
verse that you can eat and drink until the white tissue thread is separate from the darkish thread
		

			or the black thread and the versus the white thread meaning the threads of the horizon here and
therefore, because the shutter am sock because the timeframe of not eating and drinking is in
between those two, you cannot have a precise equation that measures and out because as we said there
are many many factors that are involved in demarcating that moment in time and of those factors as
we said is altitude of those factors this season it's very interesting to know that sunsets in the
summer will have different variations of Twilight and different shades of Twilight then sunset in
the winter, as well of the factors that affect the exact timing is the air pollution we call it
		

			there's something called Air dust and air pollution dust particles and what that doesn't is that it
makes it difficult for us to once again verify when exactly that whitish thread can be sweet seen
and two people standing next to each other can disagree and both of them are trained and both of
them are specialists, they can disagree about the exactly the minute that that whitish thread
becomes absolutely clearly visible from the darkish thread you cannot predict this depends on too
many variables as we said time location season person person's eyesight observation a bit of HD had
also in terms of in terms of when it is exactly the straight line.
		

			Because the problem is that the the whitening the the false dawn which occurs basically after 18
degrees, the false dawn, the white Titian is begins and then the true dawn when the white tissue
this becomes a very clear thread that is very visible. And the as we said the exact minute that
happens it is very, very difficult to to demarcate and we have to also realize somebody can say,
Okay, what's the big deal, just stop eating, you know some time before all of this and we say if
you're able to do that Alhamdulillah if you're able to give 1520 minutes, you know extra time,
that's great, but let's be real here, and especially where in some places the fast might be 18 hours
		

			or something. Not everybody can wake up, you know, two hours before an hour and a half before and
every single minute counts as well. What if somebody wakes up late and they have to look at the time
and 510 minutes left we really need to know as accurately as possible. And also Dear brothers and
sisters, and this is a very important point. It is the part of the sunnah to eat and drink until a
little bit before the event. It is a part of the sunnah to do so and there's nothing wrong with
eating and drinking until the very Advan. In fact, so much so that our Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa
sallam, there used to be two more events in Medina. By the way, all of you should know this. There
		

			was Bilal and there was even Omen baktun Radi Allahu Anhu. And beloved would give the event earlier
than even among baktun there was some timeframe between the two of them. And even Amin Maktoum was
blind and beloved would give the other one. And then after a while, it would only work Tim would
give the other one and our Prophet Sall Allahu Allah He was selling them said that in Erbil Island,
you have zero belay in in Bilal gives the Advan at night for Kulu wash, caribou Hattah, you are then
able to mimic to go ahead and eat and drink until even a mimic tone gives the advantage. And the
difference between the two was only a few minutes, according to some reports. And according to
		

			others, sometimes you wait longer and because even Ahmed Maktoum was blind, he would rely on
somebody else to alert him that they could see the visible whiteness and sometimes he would be late
and people would say hey, there's white, there's whiteness that I can see the dawn and so he would
then give the other than So the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam explicitly said Go ahead and eat
and drink even after the dawn of Bilal, because Bilal is doing too early and Ibn Al Maktoum is doing
it closer to the time and this shows us that Allah wants ease for us and Allah wants to make things
not difficult for us and therefore there is nothing wrong with figuring out basically as as
		

			accurately as we can when the exact time when the stock time is and we then eat you know yes give
when one or two minutes gap or five minutes gap no problem is good if you do that, but in case
you're not able to then go ahead and eat until that time so much so our prophets Allah Allahu Allah
he was sending him said that if the glass of water isn't one of your hands
		

			had the water had to drink it if the glass of water is in one of your hands and you hear the other
then go ahead and take your fill from it before you put it down. Subhanallah that's how beautiful
our Sharia is not that you intentionally delayed drinking till you heard the other but what if you
are drinking and suppose it's 535 on your calendar and you're like oh my god is 535 Well the water
is in your hand it's like if you just take the sip and put it down it's not to eight milli second
it's a you know as accurate as you can but don't make Islam more difficult than what the Sharia
wants it to be. So based upon this now let us see if we can take a quick look at a video about the
		

			different types of Twilight's that and and understand really what we're talking about astronomical
twilight versus civil twilight versus nautical twilight. So let's put the video on okay, this is a
video that I found on YouTube and each second is a minute now this is nighttime okay? You don't see
any light. Now astronomical trying to look how dark it is. Look how dark it is. This is not the time
of Fudger not at all look complete dark but see what's happening. Slowly the light is coming slowly
we see it now there's the false on if you look carefully you can see the white tissue bit coming
there. Okay you can see a little bit of a background if you like white you see that in there. Aha
		

			now you see you see close slowly it's coming now not typical Twilight begins you see this is now not
typical. Then we keep on going every second is a minute look at the time clock nautical twilight
still this is nautical twilight. Okay. And then after nautical will be what will be the civil
twilight. Look at how bright now the civil is let's wait till the civil and you will see how much it
is
		

			still mashella Still in an article here. Now we get to the civil look how bright it is. You don't
even need any fake lights. You don't need any this is still the sun has not risen and it is civil
twilight here. Okay, this is now the sun is
		

			is within 12 degrees and is still coming until finally when the sun actually I will see the sun you
will see the tip of the sun when the sun actually hits there that is when the actual there you see
that colors Bismillah Tabata kala then the Fajr time finishes that is the actual dawn. Okay, so we
can now come back over here now, I hope you understood from this video this video is very very, very
clear to your brothers and sisters. And by the way this is on YouTube, you can Google it it's a very
high definition somebody did it amateur while it looks very professional Mashallah. But it's just
one of our some somebody put it put it online, and it's a very good video that demonstrates the
		

			reality of what astronomical Dawn is. And again, I reiterate astronomical dawn for our eyes is pitch
black, pitch black, there is no actual federal solder you cannot see it at astronomical dawn, and
many of our
		

			earlier rule AMA, they gave the 18 degrees for to a based on their own original calculations and
other ulama objected to that. And we're going to come to this point here that it is true that a lot
of of earlier councils did consider 18 degrees to be the time for Fudger and one of the Muslim
astronomer historians by the name of Mohammad Ilyas, he has a book called astronomy of Islamic times
for the 21st century. And in this book, he says that 18 degrees was a commonly used value for Fajr
and Russia in the medieval period. And it was based on careful observation, okay, and quote, valid
point and I agree in my own I've done quite a lot of research in this regard. Yes, a lot of earlier
		

			astronomers of the Muslim community did say 18 degrees. However, 18 degrees when they're talking
about is not necessarily the timing of insock. It is the timing of astronomical Dawn and
astronomical Dawn is not the same as him sack and a number of early authorities pointed this out,
including the famous polymath a Buddha Han and Biruni who died 1048 By the way, I have an entire
lecture on beone if you log on to my YouTube channel, you can listen to the POLYMATH al Biruni one
of the greatest minds of the OMA and I have an entire hour lecture about his life and times and but
you're only mentioned that 15 degrees is the Islamic Twilight he from he mentioned the 15 degrees.
		

			Another early astronomer, Al jazz meanie who died 1344 also mentions 15 degrees and l Bergeon. D who
died. 1528 also said that 15 is a better calculation for the M sack. So we do have other scholars
from earlier timeframes mentioning that, hey, 18 isn't the exact time m sock is actually after this
point. And they suggested the degrees of 15. And also, by the way, again, they're very the way that
they calculated and the exactly what they're calculating a number of modern Muslim astronomer
historians and and scientists have pointed out that there is actually a very a number of variables
from our calculations to theirs. So we should take their numbers with a bit of a grain of salt. Now,
		

			in our times, throughout the world groups of scholars, when I say scholars here, I mean, both
through lemma, and astronomers have visually observed the timings of the sack the timings of the
sunrise and sunset. And generally speaking across the globe, the number 18 has not been verified. So
by visual sightings, the default is that it is not a team, it is less than a team and one of the
scholars of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by name of Sheikh Abdul Aziz al Fosun, who is one of my
mentors and teachers may Allah free him from prison, that he did a survey an extensive survey with a
team of observers, and he went out to the deserts of rehab. And he concluded that the actual Fajr
		

			begins at begins at 15 degrees 15 degrees. Also, a decade ago, a number of Jordanian scientists,
most of them were actually astronomers trained in astronomy and wanted to throw them out. They went
out into the Judean desert outside of Amman, and they published their findings, you can find it
online. And they documented that again. In their opinion. 15 degrees was a better angle for him sack
in 1983, a group of Roma from the UK they documented their findings for a number of months and I
have a copy of that book. And throughout the year, they documented it. And it varied from 12 degrees
to 16 degrees throughout the year depending on the season from 12 degrees to 16 degrees. And
		

			similarly in 1988. Another group from the UK called Hizbollah map they published a report and again
this is published you can find this and I have a copy of it as well that they performed daily
observations throughout the entire year. And once again, their number
		

			fluctuated beginning from 12 degrees at some times of the year. 12 degrees. By the way, England is
of course higher than us in America, right in terms of latitude. And that's why, as I said, one
number cannot be used globally, it doesn't make sense one number cannot be used globally. And to
just stick with 18. Actually, it doesn't even make astronomical sense. But in any case, they
documented that from season to season, it varied and they went from 12. And yes, during some
seasons, it went up to 18. Here in America, Moon sighting.com is one of the premier websites that
collects data from around the the country and different observers in America and in Canada have put
		

			in their their observations to the the group of scientists that are these are all Muslim
[email protected]. And they have calculated that for North America, generally speaking, the
angle for Fajr is 14.8 to 17.2. This is the general for North America. And for Asia, they said 11 to
17. Throughout the season, it varies as well, me personally, I have a number of trusted friends and
colleagues of mine, who, in the deserts of California, they they spent an entire month before Fajr
going out, and three or four people would stand in a line. And they would write observations without
talking to one another, so that they can then compare later on. And they would independently record
		

			when they saw the actual future of solder. And generally speaking, the average was once again 15
degrees plus or minus 1.5 degrees. So you know, the average amongst them was closer to 15, than it
was to 18. And so based upon all of these variables and all of these issues that I mentioned, the
fifth Council of North America, which in your app is called ISNA, actually isn't simply follows the
fifth Council on North America, and the third Council North America is the oldest Council the fifth
are based in North America. And it hamdulillah I'm one of the current members, one of the younger
members actually there for senior scholars to me, Dr. Muslim is deeply Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Shah, Dr.
		

			Xena, Bologna, many people are there, Sheikh Mustafa Omar is there, and others of the people of
knowledge are there. So the field counselor, North America, based on all of these factors that I
have explained in the previous 2030 minutes, they have said that for North America, this is not a
global fatwa for North America, meaning USA and Canada, an average of 15 degrees is acceptable,
right? This is acceptable, an average of 15 degrees is acceptable. And therefore the opposite you
have if you put in a snap, you're gonna get 15 degrees. And if you put an Omokoroa, you will get 18
If you put it another I don't want to mention, but I forgot which one but one of them is like 13
		

			degrees, for example. So depending on which of the names that you put in, because there are some
councils around the globe, one council in Europe recommended around 13 degrees, for example. And
that's fine, maybe for Europe, because we're going to come to this point in the second question
today that Europe is a different scenario. And Northern Europe is a different scenario than South
Africa, for example, right? You cannot use the same number across the entire globe. And therefore
based on all of this, we conclude as follows that dear brother or sister who is watching, this was
for information purposes only. In the end, you will follow your community, your government, if it's
		

			a Muslim government, you are Mufti follow the people of your town or your locality. However, if it
so happens that you do not have a unified land of Muslims that you're in, and your own, besides that
have different and so one mestu, to the right of you has this, the other much to the left of you has
that and you are completely, you know, confused what to do, you should just simply be aware that the
fifth Council of North America has recommended 15 degrees as a good average. And if you put that
into your app, and again, this is only for North America, each of the lands that is especially
extremely north or extremely South closer to the the north or south pole, they should ask their
		

			local scholars about which degree fits best. And I do know that as I said, in some lands of Europe,
there are some councils that have gone less than 15. Because again, so if you go a higher number
you're going down. So a higher number means that is going to be earlier. So an 18 degree 18 degrees
versus a 15 degrees might be a difference here in America. I'm in the state of Texas, and in Texas.
The two charts between 18 and 15 typically are 20 minutes, 20 minutes, that's it? 15 minutes
sometimes, okay, so 15 minutes, 20 minutes, it's not that big of a difference. However, if you were
to go to Northern parts, let's say of even Canada, right, you go to some of those small places,
		

			Edmonton or one of those, you know, places up there and in Canada, you might actually get a
difference of an hour
		

			or 50 minutes between 18 degrees versus 15 degrees. And then in Europe, you might even get a
completely different reality altogether. So in the end of the day, I hope that inshallah this
explains to you why there is a difference of opinion and that there is no scientific equation, there
is a vague estimation about which degree of angle should be used when the sun is below the horizon.
And for North America, the field Council of North America recommends 15 degrees to be a reasonable
estimate for the entire portion of the world that we live in. And Allah subhanho wa Taala knows
best.
		

			Our next question, brother, hola. I'm from Norway, emails. And he says that in Norway, the days go
exceedingly long and in some parts of Norway, the sun does not even set. And so how should fasting
be done in those lands in which there is no sunrise or sunset, and they're extremely close to the
north or the south poles.
		

			So this question comes to us from the other side of the world from a land far far away. And on a
personal anecdote, I actually visited Norway. And when I went to Norway, I intentionally took a trip
to the northernmost city that had a masjid at the time. And I heard that after that time, there is a
masjid that is even more North than that, and I visited this is 2014 I believe there's a YouTube
video just Google my name in Norway in the city is called Trump's o TR o MSO. So I wanted to visit
that Masjid that is the closest to the North Pole. So I took a trip specifically to go visit that
Masjid there's a small masala I gave the hood where there interacted with there was at least 150
		

			people in the in the masjid over there. So I visited this land and the smallest or the northern most
Masjid in the world. Then I found out that a few years ago, a community in a city or village above
them also built a masjid mashallah Tabata kala look where, you know, Islam has spread around the
globe. And when I visited Tromso, it was interesting to see that all of the houses their windows,
and I lived in one of the brothers houses over there, I spent the night over there, though their
windows have special shutters, that when you press the button, it becomes 100% dark. And I said what
is the real need for this. And he said that for most of the year, they either there is perpetual
		

			sunlight, or there is no sunlight whatsoever. For four to five months of the year, the sun is up.
And then for the next you know that there's a month or two which in which there's a little bit of
day and night. And then next four and five months, there is no sun whatsoever. So if you wake up at
2am, the sun will be above you 2am and the sun has not gone up. And in that in that timeframe. In I
went in the winter months, so it was a little bit of night and then most of it was dark. But if you
go in the middle of the summer, or in the middle of the winter, it will be full sunlight or full
darkness. And if you look at the sun, in the summer time, it won't go up and down. It's amazing. The
		

			sun will go round above you. If you look up there. If you look up at one time, it's going to be
there and then there there there is just going to go around in a circle. That's how the sun rises
and sets right this isn't the northern most this is not in the capitol in Oslo. But up north in
Trump's own other places close to the North Pole. Now our brother is asking what is to be done in
those lands were the days of the faster extremely long or maybe even no sunrise and sunset. And the
response to this. This is a very, very convoluted topic. And there are over 10 opinions on this
issue. No exaggeration. And once again, like I explained in my last q&a For those of you that are
		

			watching the full, if you are watching this a separate clip than the previous q&a was about the
degrees of your following. And I said the same thing, then the degrees of Fudger. The same thing I
said there I will say here, which is all of this q&a for today is for information purposes only.
Just for you to know in the end of the day, you will follow your local sheriff, you will follow your
local masjid and community you will follow what your people are doing. This is just for information
purposes, for those that are living far away, or if a community or a board member is in charge, and
they don't know any better, they can listen to some advice for many people. This is one of the
		

			advices they will listen to. And then they can make an informed decision if they are the ones in
charge. Otherwise, the average Muslim simply follows their local authorities and especially when it
comes to these types of culture sensitive issues. I have always said that stick with your local
ruler mark for the specifics. I can speak generics and I will speak generics. And I'll give you a
number of opinions that are well known in the global community. But in the end of the day, my own
personal opinion is that you should not listen
		

			In my opinion, you should listen to the opinion of Omar who lived amongst you, and who understand
the dynamics and the pros and cons in a better manner. I don't live amongst you. And therefore, I
might have and I do have my own hypothetical, what I consider to be the strongest position, but I
hesitate to tell you to do it because I don't live in your lands. And I want you to follow trained
lemma reputable ulama, who live in your lands, if you have an ad in your town or village up north,
in Norway follow, if not the local communities closest to you, or in Oslo or other places, there are
plenty of scholars in Oslo I have met a number of them. So you should go to those and find out from
		

			them because they understand the situation far better than I do because they live amongst you. So
again, the answer today is for educational purposes, for information purposes is not I'm not telling
you specifically which one you should follow, that is something that it is culturally sensitive. And
there are perhaps dynamics are not fully aware of there perhaps issues that I'm not cognizant of,
because I'm speaking to you from a nother land. Nonetheless, for information purposes, it's
interesting for the rest of us to know this is not a new issue. And in fact, even in the Ottoman
times, there was a lot of back and forth because the Ottomans, they conquered what they call the
		

			bulk on the bulk Balkan lands. And they knew of these lands where the sun did not rise or did not
set and so Ottoman Mufti is in the Hanafi madhhab, they gave some photos here and there, and it
trickled down to the other media hub as well. And so you do find a little bit of discussion.
However, in modern times, obviously, this issue has been discussed a lot more. And many fatwa
councils and many RollerMouse around the globe have a pint on this issue. And so there are a number
of opinions on this issue. And of course, before we begin, realize that we're actually talking about
multiple scenarios all at once, the first scenario is that there is a sunrise and sunset, but it's
		

			very long. So maybe the fast is 19 hours, 20 hours, maybe there's a place in, I believe in Finland,
where the sun does rise and set, but the day is 22 hours long, right? So that's a very long time.
But there is still sunrise and sunset, then you have areas where the sunrise and sunset is not quite
dark, but it's Twilight. And this for example, even in in Scotland, in places in Scotland, I went to
Scotland,
		

			northern Scotland, to Aberdeen or something. And I remember clearly that, you know, you walk outside
at 11pm 11pm. And it's like, would we think like 6pm Over here, Twilight, it's not dark, you think
like it's muddy, we're a little bit after Muhammad, right? Well, after Mocha, but it's not gonna go
full dark over there. So that's far north. So it's the the sunrise and sunset, there is sunrise and
sunset, but there's no darkness. And that's because you're in that Twilight area, which is the civil
or the Nautical twilight, you are not in the astronomical, you don't get beyond that. And then you
have the furthest north, which is like Tromso, in which the sun does not even set or rise for months
		

			on end. For months, you'll see the sun just go in circles, and you wake up at 3am to pray tahajjud
and the sun is outside, right. And for six months later, you will wake up at 3pm and it is pitch
black dark. And that's another scenario. So what is to be done in all of these places? I'm just
going to summarize the various opinions out there. And then I will conclude by telling you to not
listen to me Listen to your local odema This is for information purposes. No all of these different
factors are there, whichever one you choose Alhamdulillah rhodium are bigger than me have said them
and inshallah if you couldn't fail, it's not something that it's not something that inshallah nem is
		

			going to be punished over is a very difficult scenario, very difficult scenario, which one is
correct? Which one is right? Which one is wrong? Inshallah they're all rewarded by Allah subhanho wa
Taala follow your community and follow your local rules, but for information purposes, what what are
some of the opinions out there? So, the majority opinion in lands where there is actual sunrise and
sunset is that there is simply no other alternative you must fast according to the sunrise and
sunset. And this is the position of the majority of councils and aroma. And they say even if it goes
to 2021 22 hours, then that is the fast however, if the fast is overwhelming to people, if they have
		

			difficult labor as jobs if a sister is pregnant, if if if then obviously, the leeway for them is
going to be much lower, the burden is much lower than the leeway for us right, the burden to not
fast. So if your land has a 20 hour long, fast and you're expected to work in the fields, that's
your job or your difficult
		

			situation you're pregnant lady, for example. But if you're maybe in America, and it's 13 hours fast,
you could do it. But that's like a 20 hour fast, you cannot do that. So we say the bar has been
lowered. And if you're not able to do it 20 hour fast, then you make up in the month that is easier
for you after two, three months, four months, you make it up for the days that you cannot fast. But
technically, if you're able to fast, you fast and the default for most average men and women, it is
possible to fast at 19 hours. And this is actually done even as a fad. And as a technique for losing
weight called intermittent fasting, where people will maybe eat one meal a day, and it is fine, they
		

			will live like this. It's not, it is something that is not harmful to the body once the body becomes
accustomed to for many people, but not for all. So that is the majority position. However, even in
this there are dissenting voices. And the measurement of physical Islami, which is one of the bodies
that I look up to the most, they actually also give the exact same photo that as long as there is
actual sunrise and sunset. Well then we're going to have to go with sunrise and sunset. And even if
it's long, that will be the fast however, what is to be done. If it is more North than sunrise and
sunset, then you don't actually have sunrise and sunset. This is where we have a number of opinions.
		

			One of the scholars of the last generation Sheikh Mustafa Zarco he said that any time the fast is
unreasonably long, and he didn't define unreasonably long, but he said even when there's sunrise and
sunset, if it's 20 hours or something that in that case, he said the people can follow MCCA they can
follow maca, or they can follow the closest Muslim land where the fast or reasonable and the market
Islami, they said that if there is no sunrise and sunset, then they should follow the closest land
where there are Muslims residing where there is sunrise and sunset, and that will become their
timing. So if you're in North Norway, and there is no sunrise and sunset, you will look to South
		

			Norway, Oslo, for example, Oslo generally has sunrise and sunset. So you will look to Oslo and the
timings of Oslo or I'm just giving an example the timings of the city where there are Muslims. And
there is sunrise and sunset will become your timings north to that. And this is the photo of the
image Merryfield called Islamic and it is the one that I personally am sympathetic to, but again,
don't listen to me. Listen to your local aroma. Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah. And by the way, this fact
was also the photo of the director of Saudi Arabia, also my teachers government with me and also
just members and others. They also give the same factor that the people living in those lands where
		

			there is no sunrise and sunset should look to the closest lands south of them the closest city south
of them, where there are Muslims residing and where fasting is taking place, and there is sunrise
and sunset and take the timings from them. Another scholar Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah, a great alum of
Hadith and I'm a person who authored many, many books and discovered many treatises, Dr. Muhammad
Hamidullah, he had an interesting fatwa that in those lands far north or whatnot, we should simply
take a minimum a maximum and do a cut off beyond that. And for reasons beyond the scope of my
lecture today, he said eight to 16. So eight hours is the minimum fast therefore, because you see
		

			guys, we're talking about the long days, do you realize in 1520 years when Ramadan comes in
December, right, literally no exaggeration in some of these lands, the fast is going to be two
hours. Okay. So you have a false report. By the time it's constantly thorough, like Yes, all right,
I'm full. I don't need to eat you know that because that's you're gonna have a full circle, right?
And then you're not going to eat in two hours. So chef Hamidullah said, just like the people have to
suffer in the winter in the summer time. So then, in the winter time, we have to do something for
them. So what did he suggest? He suggested, you extend the smallest days to at least six hours,
		

			sorry, eight hours, eight hours, excuse me, you extend the smallest days to eight hours, and you cut
off the longest days to 16 hours. So if the fastest 22 hours, you say 16 For them, you start at
zero, whenever there's Fudger. And then 16 hours later, you call it a day until you get to the eight
hours that was his footwork. And again, he has his his reasons for that. Another great scholar of
the last generation, great on him and the person who really did a lot for the Muslims of the Ummah
should face, more mall, we share facial mall, we have Lebanon, he was a very learned author. He said
that those lands in which the sun sets at least 12 degrees below the horizon, ie we're talking about
		

			deep nautical twilight and the nautical dawn that they should simply follow the nautical and not the
astronomical and so he basically said use the smallest degree possible and stick with that and
that's a position that isn't in
		

			twisting position. Yet another opinion states that they should follow the timings of the sunrise and
sunset of their own locality, on the last day that there was an actual sunrise and sunset, right.
And so even in Tromso, even in that little village up there, there is a sunrise and sunset for a
period of the year, then for the bulk of the year, it goes away. The last day, there was an actual
sunrise and sunset, they should take that and keep it as they're fast until the next sunrise,
sunset, and then that will be the next, you know, portion over there. And then the final photo, I
will mention, and of course, there's actually more than these, the final factor I will mention is
		

			the factor of the data Lifta of Egypt, which is part of connectivity as a university as well. And
the dark rift of Egypt is perhaps the factor that is most commonly done by many of the Muslim
communities up north when I visited Trump. So they told me that this is the fact what they were
using back then this is like seven years ago, I don't know what is this situation now.
		

			And the Doublelift of Egypt, they said that in those northern lands, the people should follow maca.
And so the the timing was meaning when I say the timings I mean, how long is the fastest, if it's 14
hours, 15 hours, 13 hours, however long it is, right? Generally, the faster generally around 14
hours are generally in Arabia. So they should look at maca, and the timing of the Ramadan. How many
hours is the fast day then start from fidget? Whenever they're going to pray Fajr. And from that,
they simply add the timings of Makkah, 14 and a half hours if it is 14 hours, and then they break
over there. So they use that as an arbitrary reference because they said Mark is the holy city and
		

			they have their reasons for doing so. To conclude all of this dear brothers and sisters, I mean, my
position already I already explained to that which one I'm sympathetic to. But in the end of the
day, I do not advise you to follow me, I advise you to follow your local scholars of your lands who
live amongst you, and who understand really the ramifications and the pros and cons of each of these
positions and who understand other things that I might not be able to see from my perspective. And
at the end of the day, the unity of the Muslims is more important that hamdulillah all of these
positions are there, whichever position you follow, there is hair and good in it the most important
		

			thing for duckula Mr. Thorium, you fear Allah subhana wa Tada as much as you can, and your brothers
and sisters wherever you are in the world. If the fasting is really not possible for you medically,
you will fall sick. A reputable doctor tells you that if you have you know diabetes or something of
this nature and you cannot fast for 17 hours, 20 hours even if it's 12 hours and you're a diabetic
and you cannot fast remember you then constitute a sick patient and a sick patient by the explicit
text of the Quran. Allah says in the Quran, if you are sick then don't fast don't worry about
fasting if you become cured, make it up. If not then you give a co founder do not make the religion
		

			more difficult. Fasting is an obligation for those who are capable of doing it therefore if you're
capable of doing it given your circumstances and hamdulillah if not Alhamdulillah and there are
alternatives that need to be done with that inshallah. Tata I will see you next week until then
Salam aleykum rahmatullahi wa barakato shareholder on our wall at
		

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