Yasir Qadhi – New The Most Comprehensive Verse In The Quran
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Every single Jumuah
around the world, in every single khutwa, every
khatib recites one famous verse.
This is without a doubt one of the
most oft recited verses in the whole globe
because
how many times is this verse recited? How
many masajid?
And this has been the custom of the
ummah for more than 1300
years. By the way, the first person to
institute this was the khalifa, Umar ibn Abdul
Aziz, the famous khalifa of the Umayyads.
He When he came to office in 99
hijrah,
there was a evil practice that was being
done by his predecessors
of cursing the other political party, which is
the Alulbayt. They were the threat to the
Umayyads. So they had this, astaghfirullah, very vulgar
practice of cursing, those that they should not
curse. And that is a family of the
Prophet shalallahu alaihi wa sallam. And so, Umar
ibn Abdul Aziz, when he came to power,
one of the first things that he did,
he made the decree that every khatib is
gonna remove that cursing. And instead of that,
they're gonna recite this ayah.
And so that became the norm for the
entire ummah and it has remained the norm
up until our time. So today, Insha Allahu
Ta'ala, we're gonna reflect why that verse was
chosen and why is this so profound. Ibn
Masrood radiAllahu ta'ala had remarked that there is
no verse in the Quran that is more
comprehensive
about morality than this verse. This is the
most comprehensive
verse about ethics, about morality. And it is
mentioned in the books of Sira that when
the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam would go to
Mina during the days of Makkah, Yaani before
he migrated to to Madinah. And he would
tell the people about Islam and he would
ask the people to embrace Islam. 1 of
the chieftains stood up and said, what is
this Islam? What is it? Explain to me,
what are you calling to? So the Prophet
sallallahu alaihi wa sallam recited this ayah, Inna
Allahha you rubil adliwal ihsani waita'idul korba to
the end of the verse. And the chieftain
said, Wallahi, this is the Makarim. This is
the most noble thing I've ever heard and
what you are calling to nobody can disagree
with this. And it is said that, Al
Walid ibn Mughira, the father of Khaled Khaled
bin Walid, the father of Khaled, you know,
the one that was the chieftain,
of the Banu Maqzum. So Al Walid ibn
Muhgira, once he asked the prophet as well
to what is your message? What is you
what does the Quran say? And so the
prophet recited
this ayah to him. Innallaha you warbida adi
wudasan to the end of the ayah. And
Walid came back a changed man. And of
course it is in Surat al Wazamil Allah
mentions sorry, Surat al Wudathir Allah mentions that,
fadarniwan khalaktawahida which aataruhumalamamdoodah wabaneerushuhuda matulatamhida which aataruhumalamamdoodah
This whole section is about Al Walid when
he heard this ayah because Al Walid was
mesmerized and Al Walid said, this Quran, it
has a halawah,
it has a beauty and no one can
overcome it. And I have no no way
of responding to it. So Abu Jahl said
to him, you had better do something because
people have seen that this verse has affected
you. And so Allah describes us as another,
you know, tangent of this, but how did
that effect happen? Because the prophet salallahu alaihi
wa sallam recited this ayah, inallahayaanubal
adli. This ayah caused him to,
become so mesmerized. So this ayah is indeed
a very profound ayah. It's a very comprehensive
ayah. And in it, Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala
commands 3 things
and he forbids 3 things. And this ayah,
the the ayah preceding it is also very
powerful.
Allah says in the Quran right before So
this is by the way, ayah number 90
of Surah Al Nahal. Ayah number 90. Ayah
89,
right before it. Allah says,
We have revealed to you this Quran that
is a clarification
for all things wahudan,
and it is
a hidayah, and it is a mercy for
mankind.
So when Allah says, we have revealed the
Quran,
that is a clarification for everything,
then Allah says this ayah, which actually
really emphasizes this ayah. Allah is saying the
whole Quran is a hidayah. We have revealed
it to clarify
and then right after it Allah says, what
is this Quran about? What is the tibiyan?
What is the hidayah?
Innallaha
yamuroo with 3 things. Allah commands you 3
things. Number 1, al adil. Number 2, alihsan.
Number 3, ita idal kurba. Al adil, Allah
commands you with justice.
Adil, you treat people the way they deserve
to be treated. Not how you like it,
not what their status is, not what their
background is. You are just with them. You
are treating them fairly. You are not privileging
anybody because of any other favor, because of
any other background. No. Everybody should be treated
the way they deserve to be treated. This
is adil. And Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala mentions
in Surat Al Hadid
that, laqadarsalnaaruusulana
We have sent our prophets and we have
given them miracles. Why? Liqumanaasubilqist
So that justice be established on earth. Allah
revealed the books in order for justice to
be established. And then Allah says, wazanal hadeedah
Along with the Quran, We gave iron so
that justice be established.
If the Quran alone is not gonna establish
justice, then let there be a system that
is enforcing justice. Allah Azzawajal has made justice
the primary goal or one of the primary
goals of the reason of revelation and of
sending the Prophets. And Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala
mentions in the Quran that
in Surat Al Rahman that wanagaalmawazeen
that Allah has made them wawawabaalmizan
Allah has made them mizan. One of the
reasons why Allah has sent down the Quran,
allatatwoufil
mizaan And our Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam mentioned,
those that are acting with justice,
Allah will place them on members of light
on the day of judgment. Those that act
with justice will be placed with members of
light upon members of night. And Allah mentions
in the Quran,
be just even against your enemies. Walayajrimannakumshanaanukawmin
alaallata'adilooirdiloo
aqrabulat taqwa There's a special ayah in the
Quran. If you don't like somebody, somebody is
your enemy. Allah says, make sure your own
personal hatred
does not get in the way of justice.
Be just even with your enemies. That is
the essence of taqwa. So justice inalahayaubil
adliwalihsan.
Ihsan
is a inallahayaabillagliwalihsan.
Ihsan is a higher level. Ihsan means you
give more than the rights due and you're
satisfied with less than the rights unto you.
Ihsan,
you give more and you're happy with less.
And Ihsan
is the topic that we have spoken so
many times about Allah loves wallahu yuhibbulmarsineen
and Allah is with them wallahu maalmarsineen
Allah loves the mursin, Allah is with the
mursin and and Allah says in the Quran,
haljazau issanilal
issan When you do your Ihsan, I will
do my Ihsan. You do your limited perfection,
I will do my ultimate perfection. So Ihsan
is you going above and beyond, you doing
more than the minimum. Adil is the minimum.
Adil, you do what is exactly due and
you give them exactly go even more.
Ihsan, you push the boundaries and you give
them more than they deserve and you're happy
with less. And ihsan is of different categories.
The highest level of ihsan is with Allah
Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. And that is of course
the concept of worshiping Allah as though you
see him. When the prophet was was asked,
what is ihsan? When the hadith of Jibreel,
what is ihsan? The prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam
said, and ta'budallahu ka innakatara
That's the highest level of ihsan. Ihsan with
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. And then after this
is Ihsan to one's parents and to one's
relatives
and Ihsan in all statements Allah Subhanahu Wa
Ta'ala says, waqooloolinasiursna
Speak with hussun, speak with good to people.
And Allah Azawajal mentions doing Ihsan in your
deeds. And our Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam said,
Allah has prescribed Ihsan
in all that you do. And he said
in another hadith, Allah loves when you do
something, you do it with perfection. Anything that
you do, you should do it with perfection.
This applies to our worldly tasks as well.
When we have a chore, when we have
our jobs, when we have any assignment,
if we do it with Ihsan,
Allah loves it. And so Ihsan, you go
the extra mile and you do the best
you can do, that is Ihsan. So Allah
is saying, I'm commanding Adil and Ihsan.
He been Sirin 1 of the tabi'un, he
mentions this ayah can also be interpreted in
a different way. Adil means
your private and your public life are the
same.
Adil means the minimum, your private and public
life should be the same. And ihsan,
your private life is better than your public
life.
Ihsan,
when you're alone, you do more than when
you're in public. This is of course an
interpretation that is fine linguistically. And as we
know the Quran has multiple layers. So, one
of the Tabir'un,
he mentioned aadil, make sure your private life
and your public life is the same. This
is acting injustice between you and Allah Subhanahu
Wa Ta'ala. An ihsan, the higher level is
that in public you're good, in private you're
better. And so this is the level of
ihsan. So, Innallaha
you muru bil aadri wal Ihsaan I forgot
to mention, I jumped over. By saying Innallaha
you muru,
this is a higher level of emphasis than
saying irdilu, be just, asinu, be practicing ihsan.
Allah is saying, I am commanding this to
you. So when you say it in that
fashion, it actually adds level and weight. Innallaha
yatmuroo biladliwalihsan
And And then the 3rd level which is
a special category,
even go beyond Ihsan where you can. And
that is waita idilqurba
For those that are close to you, try
your best to even do more than just
Ihsan. So your parents, your relatives, your family,
the kurbah,
those you give as much as you can.
And of course, this is another topic well
known that the concept of silatul Rahim and
the concept of being extra generous to your
family. And our Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam mentioned,
whoever wishes to live a longer life and
to be given more wealth should be good
to one's relatives.
Whoever wishes to live longer
and to have more wealth should be good
to one's relatives. And
in the famous incident in the Sirah, which
Allah revealed Quran about the infamous story of
the slander of Aisha. One of Aisha's cousins,
Abu Bakr's cousins,
staghfirullah was one that fell into the slander.
And Abu Bakr as Siddiq made a halaf
oath to Allah. Wallahi, I'm never gonna have
anything to do with that guy again. Ahad,
how dare he slander his own relative, my
own daughter? How dare he say something? I
used to help him, I'm not gonna help
him. I used to give him sadaqa, I
would not give him sadaqa. And Allah revealed
verses that we recite to this day. Walayatali
ululfaddlimin
kumasaati and you to ululkurba walmasakeena walmuhajina rafeesabirillah
walyahfuwal
yasfahu
Those that Allah has given wealth to. Don't
give an oath to Allah that you're not
gonna be good to your fukara, to the
masakeen, to ulilqurbah, to your relatives because his
cousin, Miftah was a faqeer and a miskeen
and a muhajir and a relative.
So Allah Azzawajal
mentions the good qualities of the person's name
is mislah. And by the way, this shows
you the cancel culture is totally wrong. The
cancel culture that were so rampant in our
time. SubhanAllah, this ayah refutes the cancel culture
single handedly. Mislah made one of the biggest
mistakes and is a mistake and he repented
and he was punished and Allah forgave him.
Allah then says in the Quran tabu Bakr,
just because misla' made the mistake.
Don't overlook all the good. He is your
relative and he is faqeer and he's miskeen
and he's done the hijrah. So don't mention
my name and say you're not gonna give
money to your own relative. No, don't say
this. Allah is saying, walyafu walyaasfahu Forgive your
relative. Give him another chance. Don't you want
Allah to forgive you? So, Inna Allahha ya'mruilladni
walissani waita idilqurbah These are the 3 things
that Allah commanded.
Wayanha and Allah forbids 3 things. Al Fasha
walmunkari
walbaghi. Once again, 3 levels. Fasha,
that
which one's pure conscience
will find disgusting.
Fasha, that which you yourself do not want
people to know about. And generally speaking in
this context, fasha are the personal private sins
between you and Allah. Being vulgar, having bad
akhlaq or your own personal sins, whatever they
might be, drinking zina, whatever they might be.
This is fasha. This is something that
something you find vulgar, demeaning. It's not something
befitting. So wayanaanil
fasha. And this shows us that one's conscience
will tell you when something is wrong. Pure
consciences, they tell you when something is wrong.
You feel this is not right. And when
you feel this way, you feel the level
of disgust and that is fush, that is
fasha. So, wayanhaalal
fasha. Munkar,
when the fasha becomes public,
other people criticize you. This is now munkar.
So it's one thing to do sin privately,
and that's bad. It's another thing to call
people to sin and to publicize the sin
and to normalize the sin. This is monkar.
That is a higher level. So, I mean,
just to give you an example in this
context here. So like fasha would be like
drinking or zina or anything at private sin.
Munkar
now public astaghfirullah
zina, public *, public fashah. This becomes munkar
now. So munkar is a higher level because
inkaar is done. Inkaar means people are saying,
how can you do this? People are saying,
don't do this. This is incar and Allah
calls it mumkar. And by the way, these
are in societies that are pure. These days
nobody does mumkar. Nobody says anything about mumkar,
and mumkar has become normal. Aoodhubillah is one
of the signs of the day of judgment.
That mumkar is not made inkar of. You
understand what I'm saying here? That the default,
why is Munkar called Munkar? That in any
society,
people would make Inkar. People would say, don't
do this. How are you doing this? Even
in this country, 50 years ago, a 100
years ago, you know, there was dignity. There
was decency.
And men and women interacted in a dignified
manner. And even if things happen, it happened
behind closed doors, and that's bad. But to
have it public is a higher level of
evil. And this is Munkar. And even this
society would make Inkar and they would not
like it. It was not normal. Our Prophet
sallallahu alaihi wa sallam predicted that one of
the signs of the day of judgment is
that munkar would become normal. And no and
the one who made inkar,
people would make fun of him. What type
of person are you? The one who criticizes
the munkar would be the strange person. And
this we are seeing in our times. Still,
the ayah says Allah forbids fasha and munkar.
And then the highest level of evil, I
should say the lowest level of evil is
baghi. And baghi transgressing the rights of other
people. That is the worst evil that you
can do. Because even if you do evil
or you promote evil, then the worst evil,
you take the hack of another person.
Something that is not yours, something that is
not your haqq to do, you are transgressing.
Bahi is to transgress.
Alburat, they have gone beyond the red line.
So Bahi is to do injustice to other
people. So you take the money of the
orphan or you steal, or you embezzle, or
you force people to do something wrong. This
is Baghi. So Fasha, Munkar, and Baghi. So
these are the three levels here. And of
course, these these three commandments is amazing. They
all deal with Muamalats.
There's no rituals over here. They deal with
interaction with one another. And Allah is saying,
you cannot be a righteous person until your
dealings with other people conform to this ayah.
Good imaan is not just salah and private
Ibadah. Good iman is manifested
in how you deal with other people. Adal
ihsanalitaalqurba
and in avoiding fashah and munkari and baghi.
You ivukum laalakum tadakaroon. You ivukum means waw
is to speak something that is meant to
move you emotionally.
Waw
is a talk that is meant to move
emotionally. This is waw. So Allah is saying,
this isn't just empty speech. This isn't just
kalam that's meant to fall on deaf ears.
You'ilukum
This is a commandment. I want you to
be emotional and to act upon it. Laallakum
tadakkaroon Here laallah means perhaps perchance I want
you to laallakum tadakkaroon
so that you can think and ponder over
this ayah. This ayah is a comprehensive ayah
that summarizes the akhlaq of Islam. In it
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala commands us of 3
noble things. Do you start off with aadil,
you move on to Ihsan, and then there's
a special category of Dhil Qurba. And He
forbids us three things. Fasha, personal sins. Munkar,
that which is public and people are gonna
make inqaraw and the worst of them is
to take the rights of other people. This
ayah as ibn Mas'ud said is the most
comprehensive ayah in the whole Quran. And that
is why Umar ibn Abdul Aziz chose it
as we said to be recited in every
single Khutbah. May Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta A'la
make us of those who understand this ayah
and who may then make the
make us of those who understand this ayah
and who may then make the dakkur with
it and follow it. InshaAllah, we'll continue later
on. Jazakumullah khair salamu alaykum warahmatullahi warah catch.