Yasir Qadhi – Islam In Bangladesh Anecdotes From History

Yasir Qadhi
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The region where Islam was once established is known for its large Muslim population and its pre-aching practices. The region is now part of the Hod dynasty and has a large population of Muslims. The region's history includes the rise of pre-owned Islamists and the famous holy spirit Shah Jada. The region's resistance to the British-led war and its involvement in major battles have led to a mutiny war of independence, which is the largest and most expensive war in history. The region's history and culture includes the rise of pre-owned Islamists and the famous holy spirit Shah Jada.

AI: Summary ©

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			As we're all aware, the country of Bangladesh
		
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			has been in the news. Our hearts, our
		
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			prayers go out to the people of the
		
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			land. May Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala bless them,
		
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			make this transition time easy for them. So
		
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			I thought that insha'Allah today, let us go
		
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			over very briefly a bird's eye view of
		
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			some of the interesting anecdotes and historical lessons
		
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			we can learn from this region, especially because
		
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			this region is very interesting. If you look
		
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			at the countries around it, you know, look
		
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			at Bhutan, look at Nepal,
		
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			look at India, they are not Muslim majority
		
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			countries. And yet here we have this little
		
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			pocket of a Muslim majority country.
		
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			90%
		
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			of Bangladesh is Muslim. It is the 4th
		
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			largest
		
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			Muslim country in the world. And yet, it
		
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			is surrounded by neighbors, you know, Myanmar,
		
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			Bhutan. These are not Muslim majority countries. And
		
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			this is not where Mohammed bin Qasib landed.
		
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			This is not where the Arab sinned, they
		
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			came. That's on the other side. So how
		
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			did that come about? And what are some
		
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			of the lessons we can learn from that
		
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			region? And again, this is a bird's eye
		
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			view. How much can you accomplish in just
		
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			20 or 30 minutes, inshaAllah, ta'ala. But inshaAllah,
		
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			a bit of a summary. Of course, this
		
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			region,
		
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			has always been associated with the name Bangla.
		
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			And this goes back to the name of
		
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			a tribe that, inhabited this region 3,500
		
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			years ago. Some say it is Bang or
		
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			Banga or Bangla. And of course, dish means
		
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			land. So the country was called Bangladesh, but
		
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			the tribe or the peoples are the Bangla
		
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			or the Bangla, peoples. And this region,
		
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			before the coming of Islam, was majority Buddhist.
		
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			Majority Buddhist and perhaps 30, 40 percent Hindu,
		
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			but the Buddhism was the majority in this
		
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			region. How did Islam come to this region?
		
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			The earliest references that we have in our
		
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			Islamic sources goes back to one of the
		
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			books written under the Abbasids by, a scholar
		
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			by the name of ibn Khordazbeh.
		
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			Ibn Khordazbeh,
		
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			he wrote a book in around 800 CE,
		
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			1200
		
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			years ago, called Kitabul Masaliqi wal mamalik. And
		
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			in it, he talks about the geographical regions
		
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			that the Abbasids have contact with. Those that
		
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			they control and those that they are aware
		
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			of. It is like a geography, a book
		
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			of geography of 1200 years ago. And he
		
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			mentions
		
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			cities and lands that we now understand. Of
		
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			course, he doesn't use the term Bangla or
		
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			Bangladesh, but he mentions coastal cities and lands
		
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			that we can now link up
		
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			to what is now the modern land of
		
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			Bangladesh. And he mentions that these cities are
		
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			cities where the Abbasid ships go, and they,
		
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			go to port over there. They stay there
		
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			for a while. And there are people living
		
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			there from the Abbasid and from the Muslim
		
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			and the Arab traders.
		
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			So we learned, therefore,
		
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			that trade was the main initial route that
		
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			Islam came to this region, beginning from the
		
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			time of the late Umayyads, early Abbasids.
		
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			And excavations have actually uncovered
		
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			gold coins and silver coins. We find them
		
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			in this region that date back to the
		
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			time of Harun al Rashid. So there was
		
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			a thriving industry
		
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			from the time of the early Abbasids.
		
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			Clearly, we even have architectural remnants of mosques.
		
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			Now realize, there is no Sultanate right now.
		
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			There is no political entity, but there are
		
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			Muslims in the region. And this is something
		
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			that is documented by later geographers as well.
		
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			Later on, the most famous geographer is Al
		
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			Mas'udi. He mentions this region, al Idrisi, who
		
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			was the first to draw a map of
		
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			the world. Al Idrisi also mentions pockets of
		
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			Muslims living in these, regions. In fact,
		
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			the name of the 2nd or third largest
		
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			city,
		
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			Chittagong,
		
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			is actually derived from what the Arabs call
		
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			this region. How many of you people knew
		
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			this? Chittagong
		
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			comes
		
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			from Shattul Hanj.
		
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			Shattul Hanj.
		
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			The Arabs called the Ganges river,
		
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			Ranj.
		
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			Ganges, Ranj.
		
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			And shat means
		
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			the delta or the entrance.
		
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			And if you look at a map, those
		
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			of us not from Bangladesh, you don't know
		
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			where Chittagong is, but the Bangladesh people know
		
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			what it is. It is where the entrance
		
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			to the
		
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			Ganges and the exit from the Ganges, that's
		
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			exactly where Chittagong is.
		
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			The whole river, the famous river of India,
		
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			the Ganges River, its main tributary into the
		
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			Bay of Bengal, its main tributary, it is
		
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			right at the tip of Chittagong.
		
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			And Chittagong is Shattulhange.
		
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			Shattulhanj.
		
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			That is the, delta of the Ganges river.
		
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			And that's the Arabs would call it Shattulhanj,
		
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			and this eventually came into what we now
		
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			call Chittagong.
		
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			Now, the first,
		
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			Muslim power that entered here dates back to
		
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			around the 10th or 11th century. And this
		
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			is
		
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			the one of the branches of the Hudid
		
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			dynasty. The Hudid dynasty, of course, was established
		
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			northeast, but one of the branches came,
		
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			and conquered some of the regions until they
		
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			find it finally made their way to Bengal.
		
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			And the first famous ruler or the first
		
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			conqueror of the Hurid dynasty was Bakhtiyar Khalji.
		
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			Bakhtiyar Khalji. Bakhtiyar Khalji was the one who
		
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			eventually made his way into what we now
		
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			call, you know, the the the area of
		
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			Bengal. And it is an amazing story that
		
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			it is said that he was leading his
		
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			army. He was so eager to enter. He
		
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			only had 18 people when he entered the
		
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			first village and town. And with 18 people,
		
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			he began the conquest of this entire region.
		
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			And, Bahtiyar Khalji established the Ghurid dynasty, but
		
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			he made himself independent, but technically he's a
		
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			part of the Ghurid dynasty. You know, one
		
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			thing you have to know when you listen
		
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			to my history and others, you understand. Yes.
		
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			There was a technical khilafa, but, you know,
		
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			the khilafa is not gonna control every distant
		
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			region. And what happens is the government might
		
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			send somebody and that somebody basically becomes semi
		
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			independent. And he's running it maybe in name,
		
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			maybe in name only, maybe even not even
		
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			in name, but this is what Al Khaji
		
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			did. And he began to mint the first
		
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			Muslim coins or the first Islamic coins date
		
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			back to, Al Khaji, which is around 1200
		
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			CE, like 800, 900 years ago. He began
		
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			to mint the Islamic coins of this region,
		
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			and the Khutba was given in his name.
		
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			Before this point in time, if there were
		
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			any masjids, the Khudba would have been given
		
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			in the name of the Abbasids. But now
		
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			Khalji comes along and in his name and
		
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			the name of the Khurids, and thus begins
		
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			the first political base, the first state, if
		
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			you like, in this region of what is
		
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			what we now call Bangladesh. And this next
		
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			300 years, we can say technically there's multiple
		
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			dynasties. They're called the Delhi Sultanate, the Delhi
		
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			Sultanate. This is the extension of the Delhi
		
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			Sultanate, but the ministers, or the, I should
		
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			say, the governors are independent or semi independent.
		
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			But now that the political base has been
		
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			established,
		
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			now you have masajids popping up everywhere. And
		
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			you have a new phenomenon, a phenomenon that
		
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			was very common for that time, and that
		
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			is preachers
		
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			who would travel from Arab lands, Muslim lands
		
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			with the only intention
		
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			of preaching Islam.
		
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			And this began the phenomenon of the Sufi
		
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			Khanqas.
		
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			Sufism played a very important role in the
		
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			spread of Islam in this region. And a
		
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			number of famous Sufi preachers, the most famous
		
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			of them, every single person of Bangladeshi heritage
		
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			knows this person, and his name is Shah
		
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			Jalal. Shah Jalal is the most famous one
		
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			of them, but he's not the only one.
		
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			But he's the most famous and he's of
		
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			the earliest one. And Shah Jalal was of
		
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			an Arab descent, but he was born and
		
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			raised in Konya, in Turkiye. And
		
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			they say that his sheikh handed him a
		
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			mission that you have to go to. He
		
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			gave him some soil. He goes, wherever you
		
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			find the color of the land to be
		
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			the soil, that's where you will settle. So
		
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			they say that Shah Jalal left,
		
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			Turkiya left Konya, and he kept on traveling,
		
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			traveling, traveling until he made his way to,
		
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			this region of the Bengal. And he said,
		
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			this is what my Sheikh wanted. This is
		
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			where I'm supposed to be. So he spent
		
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			the next 78 years. He lived to around
		
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			a 100 something years old, 110 years old
		
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			he lived. He spent the next 78 years.
		
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			In fact, it just so happened when he
		
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			arrived, there was a massive battle going on
		
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			between the Muslim Sultan and between one of
		
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			the Hindu dynasties. So him and his scholars
		
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			and and Sufi,
		
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			shuyuh, they actually joined
		
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			in this campaign.
		
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			The campaign won what is considered to be
		
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			somewhat miraculous victory. And so Allah, may Allah
		
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			blessed him like he was given the izzah.
		
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			Like, oh, because you guys came. You are
		
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			pious people coming from the Arab and the
		
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			Muslim or the Turkish lands. Because of you
		
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			guys, Allah blessed us to win this battle.
		
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			So this established his reputation
		
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			as a saint or a wali of Allah
		
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			Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. By the way, we do
		
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			believe in righteous people. We should believe this.
		
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			There are righteous people and Allah Azzawajal blesses
		
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			righteous people with various things. So yes, the
		
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			concept is correct. No problem with that. And
		
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			so Shah
		
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			Jalal established his credibility
		
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			right when he landed, basically. This victory boosted
		
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			his credentials, but he didn't participate after this
		
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			in any type of military expedition. What he
		
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			did is he opened up a hanqa. He
		
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			opened up, a a a a lodge, and
		
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			he began preaching and teaching, for the next
		
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			50 or 60 years. And what I found
		
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			super interesting, I learned today that the most
		
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			famous traveler
		
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			of medieval Islam, Ibn Battuta. You know, Ibn
		
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			Battuta. Ibn Battuta
		
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			not only visited,
		
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			this area, and he called it al Bangala.
		
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			In his book, he calls it al Bangala.
		
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			Not only did he visit this area, he
		
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			lived in Seleth,
		
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			and he maybe even took a wife there.
		
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			We're not sure it looks like that as
		
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			well. And he said, then I traveled 1
		
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			month
		
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			to visit the most famous,
		
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			wali of the region, shahjalal
		
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			He actually met shahjalal.
		
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			Ibn Battuta, I found out today. I didn't
		
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			know this. He actually met Shah Jalal, and
		
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			he describes that he was a tall, handsome,
		
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			frail man. He would fast continuously.
		
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			He was living in a, you know, a
		
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			monastery, a khanqah away from the city. His
		
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			students were there. And I, you know, and
		
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			he mentioned some miracles or some karamaat you
		
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			can say that happened. And, he that Shajalal
		
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			gifted Ibn Battuta a turban, was very happy
		
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			at this. So, ibn Battuta is very he
		
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			he literally said this is the most famous
		
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			saint in the region, which means Shajalal had
		
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			already established his reputation in his lifetime. And
		
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			ibn Battuta actually
		
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			detoured from his journey just to go visit
		
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			Shajalal and then come back and resume his
		
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			journey. It is said that Shajalal, and Allah
		
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			blessed him and others, but he was number
		
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			1 to convert many tens of thousands of
		
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			people in his preaching and teaching and interactions.
		
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			And ibn Battuta himself says he witnessed many
		
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			of the Hindus or the, he called them
		
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			Hindu. They might have been Buddhist because at
		
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			that time you couldn't these people probably couldn't
		
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			tell the difference. But even if they were
		
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			But, ibn Battuta says even the local, you
		
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			know, Hindus and Buddhist would go his hanqa
		
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			and stay with him, to be influenced by
		
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			him. So ibn Bultuta was an eyewitness
		
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			to this da'wah continuously
		
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			going on. So we're now in the 12,
		
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			1300,
		
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			and this is when 1400,
		
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			basically 15th century, what begins now?
		
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			2 things. On the one hand, the Mughal
		
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			dynasty,
		
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			and on the other hand, European
		
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			colonization.
		
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			Right? Who was the 1st European to come
		
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			into India? This should be a high school
		
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			question for the kids here.
		
00:11:15 --> 00:11:16
			This is way afterwards.
		
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19
			Vasco Di Gama. You remember from your high
		
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21
			school. That's good, yes. Masha'Allah. Even though you've
		
00:11:21 --> 00:11:23
			passed high school age, but clearly it has
		
00:11:23 --> 00:11:25
			Just kidding with you. Vasco Di Gamma.
		
00:11:26 --> 00:11:28
			Price points. What year was that?
		
00:11:28 --> 00:11:30
			Even I think I'll have to No.
		
00:11:33 --> 00:11:35
			I think that is correct. I'm not sure
		
00:11:35 --> 00:11:38
			exactly the final year, but 14/90 something. I
		
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40
			think that is correct. Vasco Di Gama. Now,
		
00:11:40 --> 00:11:43
			by the way, Christopher Columbus was trying to
		
00:11:43 --> 00:11:44
			get to India. Right? That's why he ended
		
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46
			up over here. Like all men who get
		
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48
			lost, he didn't ask for directions, so he
		
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50
			came over here. Okay? But Vasco Di Gama,
		
00:11:50 --> 00:11:53
			I guess, asked for directions. So once Christopher
		
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56
			Columbus failed, they wanted to get to India.
		
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58
			Why did they wanna get to India? Because
		
00:11:58 --> 00:12:00
			India was the land of treasure,
		
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			the land of spice, the land of fertility,
		
00:12:03 --> 00:12:05
			the land of produce, the land of fruits,
		
00:12:05 --> 00:12:07
			like the soil of India, and
		
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10
			especially the region of Bengal
		
00:12:10 --> 00:12:13
			has always been of the most fertile.
		
00:12:13 --> 00:12:15
			And actually, historically,
		
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17
			you know, in our times, there is a
		
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19
			perception that this region is impoverished. This is
		
00:12:19 --> 00:12:23
			a modern perception. For its entire history, this
		
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			region has been of the most powerful economic,
		
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			places. And in fact, under the Mughals, this
		
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			was the number one producing region of the
		
00:12:32 --> 00:12:35
			Mughal dynasty. Under the British, this used to
		
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			be number 1. And then by the time
		
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			the British left, it went down as I'm
		
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			gonna explain in a while. Right? So this
		
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			is why they wanted to come, primarily because
		
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44
			of not only this region, but especially because
		
00:12:44 --> 00:12:47
			of Bengal. And so in the 1500, 1600,
		
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			2 things happened. Both of them affected the
		
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			people of this region. 1st and foremost, the
		
00:12:52 --> 00:12:54
			Mughal dynasty. Of course, you know, you have
		
00:12:54 --> 00:12:56
			Babar, you have Akbar, Shah Jahan. They, of
		
00:12:56 --> 00:12:58
			course, built the largest or they not built,
		
00:12:58 --> 00:13:01
			but they created the largest network,
		
00:13:01 --> 00:13:02
			the largest,
		
00:13:02 --> 00:13:03
			conglomerate
		
00:13:03 --> 00:13:06
			political base. And as a part of that,
		
00:13:06 --> 00:13:09
			they also acquired, if you like, Bengal, and
		
00:13:09 --> 00:13:11
			they made it into a province. And so
		
00:13:11 --> 00:13:14
			for around a 100 something, 150 years, the
		
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			Mughal Empire was the
		
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19
			one in charge and there was a province,
		
00:13:19 --> 00:13:21
			they called it the Bangal Subha. They had
		
00:13:21 --> 00:13:23
			they had the the province that was semi
		
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			independent, but still under the Mughals. While this
		
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			is happening,
		
00:13:27 --> 00:13:30
			you had the colonial empires come. And by
		
00:13:30 --> 00:13:32
			the way, it was the Mughals who also
		
00:13:32 --> 00:13:32
			chose Dhaka
		
00:13:33 --> 00:13:35
			as their regional capital, and this was the
		
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37
			rise of Dhaka now. So now, whatever capital
		
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			you choose, so then it's gonna start rising.
		
00:13:39 --> 00:13:41
			And so it was the Mughals who chose,
		
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			and you still have, as all the people
		
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			from that region know, you have magnificent
		
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			structures built in that region still to this
		
00:13:47 --> 00:13:51
			day. Magnificent, beautiful masajid that is still standing,
		
00:13:51 --> 00:13:52
			to this day. So,
		
00:13:53 --> 00:13:54
			and I also have to mention before I
		
00:13:54 --> 00:13:56
			move on, I forgot to mention, in the
		
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			beginning, that, of course, the language,
		
00:13:59 --> 00:14:01
			of of the people of this region is
		
00:14:01 --> 00:14:03
			different, and their culture is different. And, therefore,
		
00:14:03 --> 00:14:04
			their intellectual
		
00:14:04 --> 00:14:08
			and cultural heritage has a unique strand. They
		
00:14:08 --> 00:14:10
			are, their their art, their architecture,
		
00:14:11 --> 00:14:14
			their language, their scholarship has been written in
		
00:14:14 --> 00:14:16
			a different style and language than any other.
		
00:14:16 --> 00:14:18
			And so they have contributed a very unique,
		
00:14:19 --> 00:14:20
			way of,
		
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			both architecture
		
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			and cuisine, and of course, Islamic thought as
		
00:14:25 --> 00:14:27
			well. So I was getting back to the
		
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			colonization,
		
00:14:28 --> 00:14:29
			and
		
00:14:30 --> 00:14:34
			5 different regions were competing over Bengal.
		
00:14:34 --> 00:14:36
			5 different European countries.
		
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			Number 1,
		
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			Portugal.
		
00:14:39 --> 00:14:41
			The Portuguese were the first to get to
		
00:14:41 --> 00:14:44
			this region. Vasco da Gama was Portuguese.
		
00:14:45 --> 00:14:47
			Number 2, the Spaniards came.
		
00:14:47 --> 00:14:50
			The Spaniards then established their post.
		
00:14:50 --> 00:14:51
			Number
		
00:14:51 --> 00:14:53
			3, the French came along.
		
00:14:53 --> 00:14:55
			The French came along, and they also established
		
00:14:55 --> 00:14:57
			their post. And number 4,
		
00:14:59 --> 00:15:01
			the Dutch. The Dutch came as well. And
		
00:15:01 --> 00:15:04
			then last but not to be the least,
		
00:15:04 --> 00:15:07
			the British came. Now each one of these
		
00:15:07 --> 00:15:08
			5
		
00:15:08 --> 00:15:09
			established
		
00:15:10 --> 00:15:11
			East India Trading Company,
		
00:15:12 --> 00:15:14
			Dutch East India Trading Company, Portuguese
		
00:15:15 --> 00:15:18
			East India Trading Company, British East India Trading
		
00:15:18 --> 00:15:18
			Company.
		
00:15:19 --> 00:15:22
			And each one of them began competing
		
00:15:22 --> 00:15:24
			to have the most
		
00:15:24 --> 00:15:27
			land, the biggest perks, the most direct access
		
00:15:27 --> 00:15:29
			to the governors, And
		
00:15:29 --> 00:15:32
			interestingly enough, in this region of of, what
		
00:15:32 --> 00:15:34
			we now call Bangladesh, the Bay of Bengal,
		
00:15:35 --> 00:15:38
			multiple times these 5 powers actually fought one
		
00:15:38 --> 00:15:38
			another
		
00:15:39 --> 00:15:42
			on the Indian subcontinent soil for resources.
		
00:15:43 --> 00:15:45
			So you have the British and the French
		
00:15:45 --> 00:15:48
			fighting each other for resources in this region.
		
00:15:49 --> 00:15:51
			And sometimes they're bringing in the locals as
		
00:15:51 --> 00:15:52
			well because, you know, there's something called sepoy.
		
00:15:53 --> 00:15:55
			And the sepoy is a local who was
		
00:15:55 --> 00:15:57
			paid by the British or the Dutch or
		
00:15:57 --> 00:15:59
			the French. So you had a class of
		
00:16:00 --> 00:16:01
			of Indians or
		
00:16:02 --> 00:16:04
			Bangalis. You had them being paid by these
		
00:16:04 --> 00:16:07
			European superpowers, and they're fighting each other on
		
00:16:07 --> 00:16:09
			behalf of these, you know, superpowers. So in
		
00:16:09 --> 00:16:12
			any case, what happened was these 5 entities,
		
00:16:12 --> 00:16:15
			all of them attempted to negotiate the best
		
00:16:15 --> 00:16:17
			treaties with the governor. And
		
00:16:18 --> 00:16:20
			this also coincided with the waning of the
		
00:16:20 --> 00:16:22
			Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire
		
00:16:23 --> 00:16:25
			started to decline in its power, and so
		
00:16:25 --> 00:16:28
			this region became once again independent.
		
00:16:29 --> 00:16:32
			And another superpower was established, regional superpower. Let's
		
00:16:32 --> 00:16:35
			call it the Nawabs of Bengal. Now technically,
		
00:16:35 --> 00:16:37
			the Nawabs of Bengal were multiple dynasties as
		
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			is usually the case. It wasn't just one
		
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			dynasty. But for another 200 years, you had
		
00:16:42 --> 00:16:45
			many a 150. You had many dynasties that
		
00:16:45 --> 00:16:47
			are not under the Mughal Empire. They don't
		
00:16:47 --> 00:16:49
			need to get permission from the Mughal Empire.
		
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			So the regional five colonial powers have to
		
00:16:52 --> 00:16:55
			negotiate directly with these dynasties.
		
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			And one of them was to change the
		
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			course of the entire region's history, and that
		
00:17:01 --> 00:17:04
			is Siraju Daulah. Siraju Daulah in 17/56.
		
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			He was the Nawab of Bengal. And
		
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			long story short, the British and the French
		
00:17:11 --> 00:17:14
			were at a massive war. And Sirajid Daulah
		
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			initially got caught up. He sided with the
		
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			French. The French were more sympathetic to him,
		
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			but the British demanded more and more. And
		
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			the British started building larger posts, taking more
		
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			land, demanding higher taxes.
		
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			Sirad Siraj Jadawal refused. He said, I'm not
		
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			going to be a party to this. It's
		
00:17:30 --> 00:17:32
			not fair. Remember, these
		
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			companies are not governments.
		
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			They are trading posts.
		
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			They are East India Trading Company.
		
00:17:39 --> 00:17:41
			Sure, they have mercenaries,
		
00:17:41 --> 00:17:43
			but they're not governments. This is like you
		
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			open up a shop somewhere, and the shop
		
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			is surrounded by your mini army. That shop
		
00:17:47 --> 00:17:49
			becomes a mini city. That shop starts taking
		
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			the land around it. This is what these
		
00:17:51 --> 00:17:55
			principalities did. Siraju Daura said, Enough is enough.
		
00:17:55 --> 00:17:58
			You guys are not welcome here. And for
		
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00
			one of the most historic and important times,
		
00:18:01 --> 00:18:02
			he went to war.
		
00:18:03 --> 00:18:04
			He fought
		
00:18:04 --> 00:18:07
			the colonizers. This is now not necessarily the
		
00:18:07 --> 00:18:10
			first, but the most important and the most
		
00:18:10 --> 00:18:11
			seminal
		
00:18:11 --> 00:18:13
			fighting that took place by the locals, the
		
00:18:13 --> 00:18:14
			resistance
		
00:18:14 --> 00:18:15
			against colonization.
		
00:18:15 --> 00:18:17
			It was done by the Nawav of Bengal
		
00:18:18 --> 00:18:20
			against the British. And in fact, initially, he
		
00:18:20 --> 00:18:23
			succeeded. He overtook Calcutta
		
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			and he freed,
		
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			the he kicked out the British. He had
		
00:18:28 --> 00:18:29
			to obviously he killed some of the people
		
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			there as well. The British people, obviously, that
		
00:18:31 --> 00:18:33
			happened. And when that happened, the British sent
		
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			in the troops,
		
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			and they
		
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			sent in their most
		
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			promised and decorated
		
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			general. His name is major Robert Clive. Major
		
00:18:43 --> 00:18:44
			Robert Clive had a reputation
		
00:18:44 --> 00:18:46
			of being heartless,
		
00:18:46 --> 00:18:48
			cruel, but also very efficient.
		
00:18:49 --> 00:18:51
			In other words, he was a general exactly
		
00:18:51 --> 00:18:54
			what you need for from their side. And
		
00:18:54 --> 00:18:57
			major Robert Clive decided that he was now
		
00:18:57 --> 00:19:00
			gonna go wage full war against Saraju Daulah.
		
00:19:00 --> 00:19:03
			So him and Siraju Daulah basically had a
		
00:19:03 --> 00:19:06
			number of battles. Calcutta went back and forth
		
00:19:06 --> 00:19:09
			until finally, so Siraju Daulah was kicked out
		
00:19:09 --> 00:19:12
			initially. Siraj Jadawla then brings 40,000
		
00:19:12 --> 00:19:13
			troops
		
00:19:13 --> 00:19:16
			against Major Clive who probably had less than
		
00:19:16 --> 00:19:19
			2,000, right, including the sepoys. There's no way
		
00:19:19 --> 00:19:20
			that
		
00:19:20 --> 00:19:22
			this is clearly gonna change the course of
		
00:19:22 --> 00:19:24
			history. If Sirajidullah
		
00:19:24 --> 00:19:26
			wins, then the British are kicked out. But
		
00:19:26 --> 00:19:27
			here is where
		
00:19:28 --> 00:19:31
			constantly the ummah has a problem from within,
		
00:19:31 --> 00:19:34
			and that is we don't need external enemies
		
00:19:34 --> 00:19:36
			when we have people inside of us who
		
00:19:36 --> 00:19:40
			will betray. And what major Robert Clive did
		
00:19:40 --> 00:19:43
			was he used the tried and tested tactic
		
00:19:43 --> 00:19:44
			of the British,
		
00:19:44 --> 00:19:45
			divide
		
00:19:45 --> 00:19:46
			and conquer.
		
00:19:46 --> 00:19:49
			Major Clive understood I can't win them in
		
00:19:49 --> 00:19:49
			battle.
		
00:19:50 --> 00:19:53
			And so he resorted to the standard technique
		
00:19:53 --> 00:19:55
			and he found one of the senior,
		
00:19:55 --> 00:19:57
			some say he was the senior,
		
00:19:57 --> 00:19:58
			general and,
		
00:19:59 --> 00:20:01
			military commander under Sirajidullah,
		
00:20:01 --> 00:20:03
			his name was Mir Jafar.
		
00:20:03 --> 00:20:06
			Mir Jafar. And he began a secret negotiation
		
00:20:07 --> 00:20:08
			with Mir Jafar
		
00:20:08 --> 00:20:09
			to
		
00:20:10 --> 00:20:11
			become a trader,
		
00:20:12 --> 00:20:14
			come over to the side of the British.
		
00:20:14 --> 00:20:17
			Mir Jafar named the price, he got the
		
00:20:17 --> 00:20:17
			price.
		
00:20:18 --> 00:20:20
			Mir Jafar said, once you get rid of
		
00:20:20 --> 00:20:21
			Sirajidullah,
		
00:20:21 --> 00:20:23
			I have to become the nawab. Clive said,
		
00:20:23 --> 00:20:25
			fine. You will be the next nawab.
		
00:20:25 --> 00:20:28
			Once he went back and he heard that
		
00:20:28 --> 00:20:29
			more and more, you know,
		
00:20:30 --> 00:20:31
			help is coming from England,
		
00:20:31 --> 00:20:32
			Mir Jafar
		
00:20:33 --> 00:20:36
			renegotiated the contract and demanded triple what had
		
00:20:36 --> 00:20:39
			been the initial price. Greed. Complete greed. They
		
00:20:39 --> 00:20:42
			say the equivalent in our times, if you
		
00:20:42 --> 00:20:44
			calculate it out, is around £3,000,000.
		
00:20:46 --> 00:20:48
			So for £3,000,000 British pounds, the equivalent in
		
00:20:48 --> 00:20:50
			our times, which is around less than $4,000,000.
		
00:20:51 --> 00:20:52
			For $4,000,000
		
00:20:53 --> 00:20:54
			Mir Jafar
		
00:20:55 --> 00:20:56
			not only betrayed
		
00:20:56 --> 00:20:57
			his own
		
00:20:57 --> 00:20:58
			dynasty,
		
00:20:58 --> 00:21:00
			he literally changed the the course of history
		
00:21:01 --> 00:21:03
			to what was about to happen. Such a
		
00:21:03 --> 00:21:06
			measly sum, 4,000,000. That's all that he needed.
		
00:21:06 --> 00:21:09
			So Mirza So long story short,
		
00:21:09 --> 00:21:12
			when Clive's forces came, Siraj ad Dawla thought
		
00:21:12 --> 00:21:14
			that he had Mir Jafar and the troops
		
00:21:14 --> 00:21:16
			on his side. Turns out at the last
		
00:21:16 --> 00:21:19
			minute, Mir Jafar, because he was the commander,
		
00:21:19 --> 00:21:22
			he simply withdrew leaving Sirajid Daulah
		
00:21:22 --> 00:21:25
			almost unprotected. Sirajid Daulah had to flee for
		
00:21:25 --> 00:21:27
			his life with his women and children. Mia
		
00:21:27 --> 00:21:28
			Jafar's
		
00:21:29 --> 00:21:31
			forces caught up to him and executed him
		
00:21:31 --> 00:21:33
			on the spot, paraded his body,
		
00:21:33 --> 00:21:35
			in public. And then,
		
00:21:35 --> 00:21:36
			Major Clive
		
00:21:37 --> 00:21:40
			literally greeted Mir Jafar, kissed him,
		
00:21:40 --> 00:21:44
			held his hand, put him on the throne
		
00:21:44 --> 00:21:46
			of the sultan of the nawab, and gave
		
00:21:46 --> 00:21:47
			him a
		
00:21:48 --> 00:21:49
			bowl full of gold.
		
00:21:49 --> 00:21:52
			This is now your treasure. And he did
		
00:21:52 --> 00:21:54
			become the nawab for a while, and then
		
00:21:54 --> 00:21:56
			of course, as is always the case, then
		
00:21:56 --> 00:21:59
			he realized the British are not giving him
		
00:21:59 --> 00:22:01
			what he wanted. And he actually died a
		
00:22:01 --> 00:22:01
			miserable death,
		
00:22:02 --> 00:22:04
			because obviously you're not gonna win as a
		
00:22:04 --> 00:22:06
			traitor. For those of you who studied Iqbal,
		
00:22:06 --> 00:22:08
			Iqbal has some really famous poetry
		
00:22:09 --> 00:22:11
			about, about this. Right? I'm gonna really mess
		
00:22:11 --> 00:22:12
			this up. But,
		
00:22:13 --> 00:22:15
			Ja'far I as Bangal, wasadiq aazdakan.
		
00:22:16 --> 00:22:18
			Nangi Adam, Nangedeen,
		
00:22:18 --> 00:22:18
			Nangiwatan.
		
00:22:19 --> 00:22:20
			Nakabul,
		
00:22:20 --> 00:22:21
			waraumid,
		
00:22:21 --> 00:22:22
			wana murad,
		
00:22:22 --> 00:22:26
			mildati as karashan, Andari fa'ad. Is that right?
		
00:22:26 --> 00:22:28
			Right translation? Andar I fa'ad? Is that right?
		
00:22:28 --> 00:22:30
			This is Farsi. Right? So,
		
00:22:31 --> 00:22:33
			Iqbal has some really powerful lines here, that
		
00:22:33 --> 00:22:35
			Ja'far from Bengal
		
00:22:35 --> 00:22:36
			and Sadiq from Dukhan.
		
00:22:37 --> 00:22:39
			Mir Sadiq was somebody who betrayed Tipu Sultan.
		
00:22:39 --> 00:22:42
			Right? So, Ja'far from Bengal and Sadiq from
		
00:22:42 --> 00:22:43
			Dukhan.
		
00:22:43 --> 00:22:44
			These people are
		
00:22:44 --> 00:22:46
			nangi adam, disgrace to mankind.
		
00:22:47 --> 00:22:48
			And nangideen,
		
00:22:48 --> 00:22:50
			disgrace to their deen, nangiwatan,
		
00:22:50 --> 00:22:51
			disgrace to their homeland.
		
00:22:52 --> 00:22:55
			Nakabul. They have no acceptance. They are hopeless.
		
00:22:55 --> 00:22:56
			They are unfortunate.
		
00:22:56 --> 00:22:59
			And because of them, an entire nation was
		
00:22:59 --> 00:23:02
			corrupted by their actions. This incident is called
		
00:23:02 --> 00:23:03
			the famous
		
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			Battle of Plassey.
		
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			The the the town is Pelasi Pilashi. So
		
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			the British call it Plassey, the Battle of
		
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			Plassey. The Battle of Plassey,
		
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			in 17,
		
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			56,
		
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			it changed the course of history.
		
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			Literally,
		
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			this is the most important battle that every
		
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			student of history is aware of because when,
		
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			the,
		
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			Major Clive won over the, sultan or the
		
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			Nawab of of of Bengal, what was the
		
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			result of that? A number of things. 1st
		
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			and foremost,
		
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			this now established
		
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			British
		
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			superiority
		
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			over all of the other colonizers.
		
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			Now England
		
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			is dominating.
		
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			Even though before this, the Portuguese had dominated.
		
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			Because of the battle of Plasi, now England
		
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			has the upper hand. Secondly,
		
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			now that England has basically conquered Bengal,
		
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			this is the
		
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			nail in the coffin for the Mughal dynasty.
		
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			That's it. This is the the most important
		
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			province, the most expensive, the highest, you know,
		
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			produce. And now it's not in the hands
		
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			of the Mughals. Even though nominally it was
		
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			technically not there, but still there was this
		
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			notion. So now that the British are here,
		
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			then what's gonna happen from 1757
		
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			until
		
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			the famous, what is called, mutiny war of
		
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			independence, 1857,
		
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			100 years. The British
		
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			changed from being
		
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			a trading post to becoming the British Raj.
		
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			The beginning of this, the battle of Plasi.
		
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			When the Muslims of the Bengal province, when
		
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			the Sultan of the Nawaz province was betrayed
		
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			by his minister, it was inevitable. That's it.
		
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			One thing led to another. And in 18/57,
		
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			the British
		
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			annulled the, Mughal dynasty, kicked out the last,
		
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			Mughal,
		
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			Sultan who died a very lonely death, in
		
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			in, Baha'u'll Shah, Zafar Baha'u'll Shah. There's a
		
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			picture of him. The only picture we have
		
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			of a Mughal
		
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			emperor on his death bed in 18/60 or
		
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			something. It's just a sad, sad portrait of
		
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			a person lost everything. So he was exiled
		
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			and the British then, took over. And, of
		
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			course, when the British take over, what do
		
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			you think is gonna happen? They're not interested
		
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			in the people. They're interested in their pockets.
		
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			And for the next 90 years, they fleeced
		
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			this region. This region that used to be
		
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			the number one. Bangladesh or this area of
		
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			Bengal has always been known. Ibn Battuta.
		
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			I I read this today just to refresh
		
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			my memory. It's been many years since I
		
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			read Ibn Battuta, and I forgot he had
		
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			mentioned Bangladesh. Ibn Battuta has an entire paragraph
		
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			shocked at how cheap
		
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			the produce of bengal is.
		
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			He mentions prices.
		
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			He says, for 1 1 dirham, I can
		
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			get 3 chickens. You know? He says, I
		
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			have never seen this much rice in my
		
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			life. This is ibn Battuta
		
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			describing this how many centuries ago. And he
		
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			goes, you can purchase this much quantity for
		
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			a small amount of rice. And he said,
		
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			my friends here, they told me that for
		
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			8 or 9, you know, dirhams, they can
		
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			spend the whole year with enough money for
		
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			food for eat. So he's describing a land
		
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			that is rich in produce, that is rich
		
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			in food, and has easily accessible. In his
		
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			whole travels, he has hardly seen a land
		
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			as rich and as, you know, useful and
		
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			and,
		
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			economic as this region is. But what's gonna
		
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			happen? That's why the British were eager. That's
		
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			why the battle of Plassey is taking place.
		
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			That's why all of this is happening. Once
		
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			the British come, Khalas, topsy-turvy,
		
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			180.
		
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			From 1857
		
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			up until
		
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			1947, 90 years, this region went from being
		
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			number 1 to subhanAllah, almost all the problems
		
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			we can blame. And I say this over
		
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			and over again, do not be fooled. Wallahi,
		
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			do not be fooled. The enemies come, they
		
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			wanna make us enemies in between. The number
		
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			one enemy that we have is the colonizers.
		
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			Do not be fooled by the rhetoric. They
		
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			put it in your mind to divide and
		
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			conquer. No, It comes from them. They're the
		
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			ones who did all of these, you know,
		
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			negatives that happened. You can 90, 95%,
		
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			you can blame on the tactics of the
		
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			British. Time is limited. I have to mention
		
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			one thing that the British did. This is
		
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			something every one of you should know. The
		
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			worst natural sorry, the worst manmade disaster
		
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			in this century or of the top 3
		
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			took place in this region caused by the
		
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			British in 1943
		
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			and 1944.
		
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			Every person here from that region is well
		
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			aware of what happened. I'm sure many of
		
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			you have stories of your grandparents about what
		
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			happened during this time. The infamous
		
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			famine that took place in which we don't
		
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			even know how many people lost their lives,
		
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			that we can't even calculate.
		
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			Like, 5 or 10% of the region's population
		
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			disappeared
		
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			in 1 year. Up to maybe 3,000,000
		
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			people, not just because of famine, but then
		
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			because of the the famine, the the hunger,
		
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			the disease, the dysentery, all of this caused
		
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			simply by the mismanagement
		
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			and the greed and the inhumanity
		
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			of the British. This was a preventable disaster.
		
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			How can you starve to death in one
		
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			of the most fertile regions in the world?
		
00:28:00 --> 00:28:03
			How? When you have British who are more
		
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			interested in sending food to their troops,
		
00:28:07 --> 00:28:08
			not caring about the local because World War
		
00:28:08 --> 00:28:10
			2 World War 2 is going on. And
		
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			so the British, a series of bungling mismanagements
		
00:28:13 --> 00:28:16
			that they didn't care about. To be precise,
		
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			it's not as if they intended to kill
		
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			3,000,000 people, but they didn't care that they
		
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			killed 3,000,000. See the difference? It's not as
		
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			if they had a tactic. What are we
		
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			gonna do to mess up? But their mismanagement.
		
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			And there and there's many PhDs and many
		
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			books written. You can find this on Amazon
		
00:28:29 --> 00:28:32
			online. What would the British do about intentionally
		
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			limiting? Because they were worried that the food
		
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			would end up in the wrong hands. They
		
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			also wanted the food that was available to
		
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			end up in their troops. And so both
		
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			the tactic of limiting what they can produce
		
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			along with
		
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			acquiring what they are producing
		
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			and not distributing it. There are pictures. Wallahi
		
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			these pictures, they will move any heart to
		
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			tears. There are pictures of 100 and thousands
		
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			of emaciated
		
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			men, women, and children just dying on the
		
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			streets because this is 19 forties. You have
		
00:29:00 --> 00:29:02
			lots of pictures. You can see them of
		
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			people literally like bones that sit.
		
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			And there's barrels and barrels of rice being
		
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			sent outside,
		
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			not to the locals. And infamously,
		
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			when even the viceroy and the governor felt
		
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			pity and he begged Churchill, please change your
		
00:29:19 --> 00:29:20
			policies. Right? This is a famous
		
00:29:21 --> 00:29:22
			draft. I wish I could show you the
		
00:29:22 --> 00:29:25
			picture of it. Right? That he sent, the
		
00:29:25 --> 00:29:26
			telegraph to, Churchill
		
00:29:27 --> 00:29:29
			that, you know, please do something. We have
		
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			millions of people dying here. And Churchill look
		
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			at the arrogance of these people. And they
		
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			they they say Churchill is a hero and
		
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			whatnot. Yani, if you look at these people,
		
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			they have no ounce of humanity for anybody
		
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			outside of their race. You know what Churchill
		
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			said?
		
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			If they're starving, how come they're breeding like
		
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			rats?
		
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			How come there's so many?
		
00:29:50 --> 00:29:53
			And if so many people are dying, how
		
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			come Gandhi is still alive?
		
00:29:55 --> 00:29:57
			He did not change the policy.
		
00:29:57 --> 00:30:01
			Literally the even the local governors begging him,
		
00:30:01 --> 00:30:03
			and he has it in his handwriting that,
		
00:30:03 --> 00:30:05
			well, they're still breeding like rats, he called.
		
00:30:06 --> 00:30:07
			The people there, he called. They were all
		
00:30:07 --> 00:30:09
			Muslims. He called us their rats. He goes,
		
00:30:09 --> 00:30:11
			look at their quantity. There are people like
		
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			rats. Why should I change my policy? And
		
00:30:13 --> 00:30:15
			if they're all dying, I want Gandhi to
		
00:30:15 --> 00:30:17
			die. Why isn't Gandhi dying? Just the amount
		
00:30:17 --> 00:30:19
			of racism and arrogance that in that, you
		
00:30:19 --> 00:30:21
			know, cruel. And because of this, as we
		
00:30:21 --> 00:30:23
			say, we'll never know for sure, but maybe
		
00:30:23 --> 00:30:26
			up to 3,000,000 people, passed away. And, of
		
00:30:26 --> 00:30:28
			course, it's because of this that,
		
00:30:29 --> 00:30:31
			there was a strong resistance from this region
		
00:30:31 --> 00:30:33
			against the British. Many famous,
		
00:30:34 --> 00:30:35
			thinkers and many intellectuals,
		
00:30:35 --> 00:30:37
			they champion for freedom, you know, along with
		
00:30:37 --> 00:30:40
			people in other regions, Bangladesh or this in
		
00:30:40 --> 00:30:41
			this region is, of course, is not called
		
00:30:41 --> 00:30:43
			Bangladesh right now, but the people of this
		
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			region are of the most antagonistic. And eventually,
		
00:30:46 --> 00:30:48
			of course, in 1947, as you're aware, that
		
00:30:48 --> 00:30:50
			is when the British had to leave. And
		
00:30:50 --> 00:30:52
			because this is now a Muslim majority land,
		
00:30:52 --> 00:30:54
			so then they also granted it separate independence.
		
00:30:55 --> 00:30:57
			And now, as you know, multiple changes are
		
00:30:57 --> 00:30:59
			happening. So we ask Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala
		
00:30:59 --> 00:31:01
			to bless the people of this region. Wallahi,
		
00:31:01 --> 00:31:03
			our hearts, wallahi, I swear to you, my
		
00:31:03 --> 00:31:06
			heart, my duas are for the people. It
		
00:31:06 --> 00:31:07
			was so, you know, joyous to see, you
		
00:31:07 --> 00:31:09
			know, some of the things happening. What hamdulillah,
		
00:31:09 --> 00:31:11
			hamdulillah. In the end, we just make dua
		
00:31:11 --> 00:31:13
			all we can do. We make dua to
		
00:31:13 --> 00:31:15
			Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala that Allah Azawajal protects
		
00:31:15 --> 00:31:17
			the people, blesses them with a government that
		
00:31:17 --> 00:31:20
			genuinely cares about them and their interests, that
		
00:31:20 --> 00:31:23
			blesses them with a government that wants to
		
00:31:23 --> 00:31:26
			protect their own civilization and culture. 90% Muslim,
		
00:31:26 --> 00:31:28
			they should be proud of this. They give
		
00:31:28 --> 00:31:30
			so many, you know, contributions to the ummah.
		
00:31:30 --> 00:31:32
			So may Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala protect them,
		
00:31:32 --> 00:31:34
			bless them, grant them hidayah, and inshaAllahu ta'ala
		
00:31:34 --> 00:31:37
			let us see, 'Izzah back as it used
		
00:31:37 --> 00:31:39
			to be, the political and economic capital for
		
00:31:39 --> 00:31:41
			1000 of years. We pray, inshAllah, that this
		
00:31:41 --> 00:31:44
			returns. Jazakumullah khair. Assalamu alaikum