Muhammad West – The Revival #17

Muhammad West
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AI: Summary ©

The collapse of theying cities of Spain and the fall of the previous ruler lead to the replacement of the new ruler with a new one, but the potential for collapse is perilous. The history of Islam in India, including the devaluation of Islam in India and struggles with slavery during the time of Sayid Omar and the devaluation of Islam in the region of the United States, are discussed. Pakistan's approach to war is different from their own and their strategy for approaching India is left alone in the region. The next lecture will focus on the end of the 13th century and the first ruler's name.

AI: Summary ©

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			You're all well after that extra 2 rakas.
		
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			So
		
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			it's good. Do you see the Bilal is
		
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			so important? We need to they they they
		
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			are Pujis keeps us on track. You know,
		
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			when they are off track, then we're all
		
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			off track.
		
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			Interesting to note that, you know, there was
		
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			a time when in Madinah,
		
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			the the Taraweeh was around 36 rakas.
		
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			That was the official Taraweeh of Madinah. And
		
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			there's some formula in which they calculated how
		
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			they got to 30
		
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			6 And in Makkah, they used to do,
		
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			instead of Pujis, they would have tawaf in
		
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			between certain batches of tarawih.
		
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			So,
		
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			22
		
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			tonight. Was something new unique.
		
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			We continue our series, the revival of the
		
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			Islamic spirit, and,
		
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			we're coming to the end of the, the
		
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			12th century. So remember the beginning of the
		
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			century,
		
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			we had a number of Khalifas and we
		
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			or we had 2 Khalifas. The Khalifa of
		
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			Spain had lost had had collapsed. We had
		
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			the Fatimid Khalifa, and we had the Abbasid
		
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			Khalifa, and we had a crusader state ruling
		
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			Jerusalem for almost a 100 years. By the
		
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			end of the century,
		
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			11/87,
		
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			Salahuddin
		
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			basically captures
		
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			liberates
		
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			Jerusalem and slowly takes out all the Crusader
		
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			states 1 by 1.
		
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			But the century isn't over yet, and the
		
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			victory in the for the Muslims in Jerusalem
		
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			spreads to other parts of the Ummah. Now
		
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			you must understand the Ummah is a vast
		
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			place
		
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			like we have now. Many, many, millions of
		
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			Muslims across the world. And in some locations,
		
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			the,
		
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			the jihad is is ongoing and the struggle
		
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			is ongoing. And in particular, 2 areas,
		
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			as we know, and andalusia has been sort
		
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			of on the verge of collapse for a
		
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			number of years now. It has just been
		
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			the the the the in through inclusion or
		
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			the the intervention of the Murabitun from North
		
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			Africa that prevented the collapse of Al Anusia.
		
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			So you can imagine that if the Crusaders
		
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			are fighting all the way in Jerusalem, they
		
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			must have been the people of of the
		
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			the Christians of Spain who are saying, why
		
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			are you sending a crusade to Jerusalem when
		
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			we're fighting them here in the heart of
		
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			Europe? So we must ask ourselves what's going
		
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			on there. And then we'll talk about
		
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			a an area that has eluded Islam for
		
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			almost 500 years. And for those of you
		
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			in particular who have an Indian
		
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			background,
		
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			you really owe your Islam after to to
		
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			Allah and then to this man. We're gonna
		
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			talk about
		
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			who established what we call the Delhi Sultanate.
		
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			But let us talk quickly about what's happening
		
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			in Spain, in Al Andalusia.
		
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			So we mentioned the second crusade was a
		
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			complete flop from a perspective of conquering Jerusalem
		
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			or conquering,
		
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			avenging,
		
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			the fall of Adesa. They came to the
		
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			the the the crusaders came, and they completely
		
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			failed. Nur ad Din stopped them, and they
		
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			had to return. However,
		
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			the second crusade had a second frontier, which
		
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			was in Andalusia,
		
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			and there they were more successful. In fact,
		
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			they were able to conquer Portugal from, Andalusia.
		
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			They were able to take Portugal, and they
		
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			continue to push further and further. And as
		
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			you can see, Andalusia
		
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			becomes a smaller
		
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			chunk of land now. They lost Portugal,
		
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			and the the the the area of Andalusia
		
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			is becoming smaller and smaller. Also, at this
		
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			time, the Al Murabitun collapsed in North Africa,
		
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			and they are replaced by a new dynasty
		
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			called the Al Muha the Al Muwhidun
		
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			or the Almohads the Almohads.
		
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			So another North African
		
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			power,
		
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			overthrows the Al Murabitun, and that's a whole
		
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			history on itself. And so the
		
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			Al Muhads or the Al Muwhidun,
		
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			they transfer
		
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			the capital
		
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			so Spain still is under the dominion of
		
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			this North African
		
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			empire. Spain is a colony. Andalusia is a
		
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			colony, and they moved the capital further south
		
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			from Kurtuba to Seville. And for those of
		
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			you who've been to, to Andalusia, you have
		
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			seen the beautiful buildings and architecture of of
		
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			Seville because the capital moves further and further
		
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			south away from the Christians.
		
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			And you'd find, like, the grand mosque,
		
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			and the and and the beautiful architecture of
		
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			the Almohads.
		
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			The Almohidun had built Al Qasr in in,
		
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			Seville.
		
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			And,
		
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			originally, the Almohads
		
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			and the the Christians had a truce. After
		
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			they lost Portugal, there was a kind of
		
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			a truce, and, each side was sort of
		
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			sorting out their own internal affairs. But then
		
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			the,
		
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			the Khalifa of the Al Mu'a, he called
		
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			himself the Khalifa, but he wasn't recognized as
		
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			a Khalifa, or it's just a title.
		
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			He had to go back to North Africa
		
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			and deal with, as always, an insurrection and
		
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			uprising in North Africa. And when that happened,
		
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			the Alfonso and there's always Alfonzos. All the
		
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			kings of of of Spain, Alfonso the second,
		
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			Alfonso the 8th, Alf this is Alfonso the
		
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			8th. 8th this is Alfonso the 8th of
		
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			Castile.
		
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			He breaks the truce, and he tries to
		
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			invade,
		
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			Cordoba and tries to invade Seville, and they
		
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			manage to capture a small
		
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			town.
		
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			So now the it appears once again that
		
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			the the situation in Al Andalus is on
		
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			the verge of collapse.
		
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			The,
		
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			the North African armies,
		
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			they are struggling with an internal
		
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			affair and also then the Khalifa dies and
		
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			his son takes over.
		
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			And so the new
		
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			ruler or the new,
		
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			ruler of the Al Muhaduns,
		
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			Abu Yusuf Al Mansur,
		
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			he
		
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			manages to put down the uprising,
		
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			and he sends his his his army north
		
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			into Andalusia. He sends a massive army into
		
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			Andalusia, and this was almost a winner takes
		
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			all kind of affair. If the Muslims lost
		
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			this battle, then Andalusia would have been completely
		
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			overthrown. And so the if you look at
		
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			Spain, Spain has 3 regions. It's got the
		
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			southern regions under Lucia, and then you have
		
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			a mountain range
		
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			that almost blocks off the 2. And then
		
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			you have central Andalusia or central Spain, which
		
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			where Toledo is, and then you have the
		
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			north, also the mountain range in between. So
		
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			now the the Crusaders would need to cross
		
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			this mountain range to enter Andalusia.
		
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			And so whoever takes control of this mountain
		
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			range really,
		
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			has the the upper hand. And so
		
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			this battle is called the battle of Al
		
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			Al Arakos
		
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			sorry, Al Aqos, Battle of Al Aqos, or
		
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			Al Aq in in in Arabic.
		
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			And,
		
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			what happened
		
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			they stationed the army outside of this gorge.
		
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			You know, the Muslims had to cross through
		
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			this narrow gorge, and the crusader army was
		
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			about to was waiting for them in ambush.
		
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			The
		
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			ruler, Alfonso, he was he was supposed to
		
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			wait for other crusaders to come and join
		
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			him, the other kings of of Spain, but
		
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			he couldn't wait. He was greedy for the
		
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			for the victory, and so he engaged 1st.
		
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			And as he engages, he crashes you know,
		
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			he he he charges into the Muslim army,
		
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			and he begins to win. He's actually pushing
		
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			the Muslims further and further away. But, you
		
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			know, as his army gets further in, it
		
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			gets surrounded by the the the Muslims. And
		
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			he is completely overwhelmed, and his army is
		
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			is defeated,
		
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			at the Battle of Al Aqous, and this
		
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			almost stops the reconquestaffore
		
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			momentarily. This is a somewhat short,
		
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			pause, but the Almohads
		
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			are able to stop the incursion into Seville,
		
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			and the Muslims once again are able to
		
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			breathe a sigh of relief. But this really
		
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			came after the conquest of Jerusalem. The fact
		
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			that the Muslims, reclaimed Jerusalem, it was an
		
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			inspiration that we can move forward again. We
		
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			can change, turn the tide. So Andalus breathe
		
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			and they live to fight another day, and
		
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			indeed, the the situation still remains perilous. But
		
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			tonight's a real sort of area that is
		
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			something new, a new frontier,
		
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			and this is for our brothers and sisters,
		
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			especially from the Indian subcontinent.
		
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			You you should know a bit of your
		
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			history.
		
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			Islam
		
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			in India today, basically, almost a quarter or
		
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			1 third of the Muslim Ummah,
		
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			from the Indian subcontinent. The subcontinent, we're talking
		
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			Bangladesh, Pakistan,
		
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			Indian, and India. And, of course, throughout the
		
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			world, all our brothers and sisters for the
		
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			from the Indian heritage, we're all somehow connected
		
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			in in that way. 1 third of the
		
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			Muslim hails from that region of the world.
		
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			And surprisingly,
		
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			when did Islam land there? Very quickly. Islam
		
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			arrived in the time of Sayid Omar already.
		
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			From the time of Sayid Omar, they arrived
		
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			in Pakistan. The Muslims arrived in Pakistan, and
		
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			they established a small,
		
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			a stronghold in in West Pakistan. It's called
		
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			Balochistan,
		
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			and that's basically where they stopped for a
		
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			while. The Sahara didn't go further in because,
		
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			the the obviously, they knew this region was
		
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			a a highly populated area that a long
		
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			history, and they had very powerful Hindu kingdoms,
		
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			and the Muslims were not keen to engage
		
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			much further.
		
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			Then, of course,
		
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			the Umayyads coming to power, and the Umayyads,
		
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			their favorite thing to do is conquest. And
		
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			as we said, Al Waleed was that
		
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			ruler who was able to conquer Spain
		
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			and the rest of Pakistan at the same
		
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			time in the same year. He's watching his,
		
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			like, chessboard, and he's getting news of Tariq
		
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			and Busyad conquering all of Iberia and another
		
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			his general, Mohammed bin Qasim, conquering the rest,
		
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			going deeper into,
		
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			into, the subcontinent.
		
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			And
		
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			all of Pakistan is basically conquered by the
		
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			Umayyads,
		
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			and they are unable however, they're not able
		
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			to enter into what we have mainland India
		
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			today. They were not able to cross over
		
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			from the Indus river into India because there
		
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			is these massive
		
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			Hindu
		
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			kingdoms that are well structured and,
		
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			they're called the Rajputs.
		
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			They have been a for 500 years, Islam
		
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			is not really able to penetrate into this
		
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			land. And to think about it, Islam is
		
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			in Spain for 500 years, but not in
		
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			India.
		
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			At that time, there were more Muslims in
		
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			Spain than there were in India. It's it's
		
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			it's strange to think about as of today,
		
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			you'd have almost thought India has been Muslim
		
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			since Nabi since the time of Nabi Adam.
		
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			Right? But it wasn't the case. It was
		
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			really a frontier kind of land. And it
		
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			was after the conquest of
		
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			of Jerusalem or or Salahuddin
		
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			reconquering
		
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			Jerusalem that all over the Umma, you have
		
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			the spirit of revival, the spirit of we
		
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			can do, and,
		
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			another attempt is made now to push further
		
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			into into into India. And
		
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			at this time so while the the the
		
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			the the warlords and the,
		
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			generals are planning an invasion of the Muslims
		
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			from from Afghanistan. So the the the there's
		
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			this Muslim,
		
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			empire in Afghanistan.
		
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			They are planning to invade further into India,
		
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			you know, having grand plans of how they're
		
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			going to make this area an Islamic kingdom,
		
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			how they're going to convert the people to
		
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			Islam. They plan, but Allah is planning differently.
		
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			In the markets of Neishapur, in the markets
		
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			of Persia, a small boy is being bought
		
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			and sold as a slave, and he's going
		
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			to be the man that's going to bring
		
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			Islam to India. So this man,
		
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			it's a bit of backstory about him. His
		
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			name is, Qudwudin Abak. It's called Abak. It's
		
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			easier to call him. Right? Abak. He is
		
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			subhanAllah. So how how did he become a
		
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			slave? Basically, his parents couldn't afford you know,
		
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			they sold him. His parents sold him as
		
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			a slave. And he finds himself in Persia,
		
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			a young boy in the slave market, and
		
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			when Ali
		
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			comes and, you know, that was as he
		
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			went to go and buy things, he bought
		
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			vegetables in there. He needed a slave and
		
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			he bought this young boy. And is lucky
		
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			that he had a a a a good
		
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			slave owner, and we talk more about slavery
		
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			in the time if we if we can.
		
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			But this sheikh buys, Avak, and he raises
		
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			him well. He teaches him to recite Quran.
		
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			He allows him you know, he grows up
		
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			with his other sons, and he trains him
		
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			in the arts of of of being a
		
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			man and all of that. When the sheikh
		
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			dies, Abak is now like a teenager
		
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			and, his
		
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			brothers, which you could say of this, didn't
		
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			like him and they sold him off again.
		
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			So he sold again. And he sold back
		
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			and forth, and, eventually, he falls into the,
		
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			he's bought
		
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			because he's a strong person. He's physically strong
		
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			and he can read. He's bought by the
		
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			warlord, the guy who is in charge of
		
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			Afghanistan. He's a warlord. He's buying people for
		
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			his army. So he's bought as a soldier.
		
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			And most of the you'd find many of
		
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			the armies now within Islam, whether it is
		
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			in
		
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			Egypt, you'll find the Ottomans do the same.
		
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			The soldiers
		
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			began as slaves, and they get trained. And
		
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			as you succeed in the battlefield, you can
		
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			win your freedom. This was kind of the
		
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			the deal. And so this, man, Abak,
		
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			he is,
		
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			you know, a a soldier, but a slave
		
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			soldier, and he's under the control of this
		
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			warlord of Afghanistan.
		
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			And they find that he has, you know,
		
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			his his devotion and his piety to Islam
		
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			really touches the the the the the owner
		
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			because he says that, man, this this is
		
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			a slave, but he can recite the Quran.
		
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			It's half of the Quran. And that he
		
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			is deeply pious and that when I give
		
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			him a task, he does this honestly and
		
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			faithfully. And when I reward him, he makes
		
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			sure the other slaves, so, you know, share
		
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			in whatever rewards he gets. And so he
		
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			gets promoted and promoted. And so when the
		
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			invasion starts, the the Gurids, when they now
		
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			invade, they invade, India,
		
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			and they face off against,
		
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			you know, the Rajputs, these,
		
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			armies of the of the of the Hindu
		
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			kingdoms in in in in India.
		
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			Initially, they lose, then they come back and
		
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			they fight a second battle. And this is
		
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			again, the very different warfare. So if you
		
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			like, warfare and strategy, it's quite interesting. You
		
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			have the Turkic
		
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			Muslims coming with horses against the Hindus with
		
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			elephants. And so very different strategies of war,
		
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			very different styles of war. The first time
		
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			the the the Muslims came and they they
		
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			the their approach was we charge in, but
		
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			you can't charge into an elephant. You're gonna
		
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			lose. And that's basically what happened. They charged
		
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			head first, and they lost. They came back
		
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			the 2nd year, and this time, they waited
		
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			for the army to come into them. And
		
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			the great
		
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			the great strategy of of these people, you
		
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			find this when you talk about the Mongolians,
		
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			they have this amazing strategy of retreat and
		
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			encirclement.
		
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			They wait till you charge into them and
		
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			you're chasing, chasing, chasing after them. And, obviously,
		
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			a horse runs a lot faster than an
		
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			elephant. So you keep letting the elephant chase
		
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			you until he's exhausted. You turn around and
		
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			you encircle them, and that's how you crush
		
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			the army. And so this was the strategy
		
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			they used and
		
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			at a battle called the Battle of Tarain,
		
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			the battle of Tarain, the Muslims, 1192, this
		
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			is like 5 years after Jerusalem was conquered,
		
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			were recaptured by Saladin,
		
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			the Rajput kingdoms lose. And with that, with
		
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			the fall of the Rajput kingdoms, the Muslims
		
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			now enter, you know, en masse into into
		
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			India.
		
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			And this man, Abak, he's sent there to
		
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			look as a governor. You just make sure
		
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			everything is there. The warlord is still in
		
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			Afghanistan. Afghanistan. You this is like a province.
		
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			You make sure everything is going okay. The
		
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			governor the the warlord dies, and there's a
		
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			civil war. As you would know, this is
		
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			the normal,
		
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			trig of events. The leader dies, brothers fight
		
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			and kill one another.
		
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			So Abac,
		
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			a slave, is left alone in this region.
		
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			He's left completely alone without support, and he
		
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			is sort of in charge of a
		
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			Hindu kingdom with a small contingent of Muslims,
		
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			and he needs to strategize and rebuild,
		
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			basically all on his own. And he chooses
		
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			Delhi.
		
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			Delhi, which is a tiny little village, not
		
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			the the capital of the area. It wasn't
		
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			any of the headquarters of one of his
		
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			kingdoms, and he builds an administration there. And,
		
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			really, once again, through piety,
		
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			through,
		
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			his justice, his sense of kindness, he's able
		
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			to bring people together, most of them non
		
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			Muslims, and establish a bureaucracy. He establishes a
		
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			type of of of government. And from the
		
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			this would be what we call the Delhi
		
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			Sultanate, which is really the start of Islam
		
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			in the Indian subcontinent. Eventually, the Delhi Sultanate
		
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			would rise up, and it will conquer the
		
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			entire subcontinent. It'll become the Mughal Empire, and
		
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			it will stay there until
		
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			the queen of England, until basically the British
		
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			invade India. And and to
		
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			prior to the invasion of of of England
		
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			of of India, it was the wealthiest country
		
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			in the world. 25% of the world's GDP
		
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			was in India. That's why England is so
		
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			wealthy. They basically robbed India blind. And it
		
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			was really
		
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			this man who started the beginning, the laid
		
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			the seeds, this man, Abak, a a pious
		
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			slave who was bought and sold as a
		
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			child in the,
		
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			markets of Neishapur eventually would start a dynasty
		
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			which would last until, as we said, 1
		
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			quarter of the Muslim world is Muslim
		
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			largely because
		
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			of this man.
		
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			And so we find our history very interesting,
		
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			and this is now the end of 12th
		
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			century and the beginning of 13th century. And,
		
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			if ever there was a century which we
		
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			want to forget or would be the most
		
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			difficult century,
		
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			it would be the 13th century. So we'll
		
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			talk about
		
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			the next perhaps tomorrow's lecture, we're gonna begin
		
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			part 1, the worst 50 years in our
		
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			history. We'll talk about that tomorrow.
		
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			Right. Yesterday, we asked what was Salahuddin's age
		
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			when he died. He was 57. I gave
		
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			the answer away yesterday. He was
		
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			57.
		
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			And Yasir Jacobs.
		
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			Is over here.
		
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			K.
		
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			And Fadlah. Fadlah. Yeah? Okay. And Fadlah as
		
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			well. I'm the okay.
		
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			And then today's question, who was the first
		
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			ruler of the newly formed sultan in the
		
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			the Delhi Sultanate? What was his name? His
		
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			name is quite easy. Okay.
		
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			We,
		
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			remind anyone as well for would join the
		
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			Maharajah. And just and people ask questions.
		
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			Of course is those who cannot fast and
		
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			will not be able to fast. You're too
		
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			old. You you will permanently sick.
		
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			A
		
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			a. If you are fasting and you can
		
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			make the day up after Ramadan, then you
		
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			don't pay.
		
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			Of course, is for everybody. This is for
		
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			Eid.
		
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			Eid.