Mohammad Ali Hazratji – Reflect on the Quran #34 Surah Al Ikhlas
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I
set out on econ What about a cartoon Bismillah Alhamdulillah wa
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bit of damage Serato the pain
Allahumma salli wa salam robotica say you're gonna know Molana
cappadonna pata Iona, Muhammad in Saudi epolamine Medusa Rahmatullah
Allah may Allah Allah He could tell you being a prophet in
Grasshopper he a world Miami, Roman tarbiyah home the son and
Eli young have been Lahoma to dinner minimum.
So inshallah we are going to talk today about
Surah Al Atlas, which as you know, is the 112
sought after for and is the one that everyone is familiar with. In
fact, it is the one most memorized Surah of the Quran, and the one
that we all memorize after Surah Al Fattah.
So this is also considered an early makan surah
and this is one of the
one of the two only Surah of the Quran which is named by a name
that is not something within the Quran as a word
such as for example, Al Baqarah, because there is mention of
Bukhara Allah Imran is the mention of Imran Ashraf mentioned of Bara
and fall. So they're all named after a word within the surah. But
there are two sutras in the Quran which are not named after what is
within in terms of a word from that surah and as you know Surah
Fatiha and Surah Atlas.
So, one might ask, why is the surah named a Class
A class essentially means purity, because this is a
Surah which talks in its most pure form, the purity of dough hate the
unique Oneness of Allah.
So, it is named a Laplace according to the content of the
song.
And
there are many derivatives of this call this means pure, what you see
outside is what you see inside. No matter how you cut it, it is
exactly the same it's pure.
Also mandalas means sincere, because this surah
denotes the sincerity of the believer who believes in this
surah the way it is described,
which is devoted to only one.
There is also the word Hala saw which means to be saved, which is
also from the same route, that one who truly believes in this surah
and its content is saved.
And if we look at the content which we are going to come to only
Allah subhanaw taala is mentioned purely in the Surah and nothing
else is mentioned.
There is no mention of the Quran, there is no mention of Africa,
there is no mention of hisab there is no mention of the Gambia
only Allah subhanaw taala is mentioned pure lunacy
and this is again as we when we talked about Surah Fatiha that
it's known by many many names. Similarly, this surah also has
many appetites for
pet names if you want to call them one of which is Al Bara Brahmins
one that absorbs that
for you're absorbed from something you are set free, so it sets you
free from ship idolatry
because in its pure form of Tawheed it absolves you from
shape.
It is also called a Mona Farah. Mona Farah. Me
in something that is cast that casts something away because it
throws a cast away shape on
it is called url Naja. Naja means deliverance. It delivers
from dash B dash b means likeness similarity that you might say
Allah is like this, this surah tells you that Allah is not like
anything, so it delivers you from Tashi sugar.
It's also called Alma verify, because it is a recognition of the
true knowledge of Allah subhanaw taala.
It is called Modak Kira Muda. Kira, because it is the ultimate
reminder of the tohave in its pure and simple form.
And some have called it a neuron.
Because this is based on a Hadith of the Prophet salallahu Alaihe
Salam, in which he said that everything has a light and the
light of the Quran is a class, so neuron.
Now, the next point that I want to cover is what we call the occasion
of Revelation. Do we have something from our Syrah from what
was going on in that early Macan period, as a result of which Allah
subhanaw taala revealed this?
So there is a Hadith that is narrated by say you're gonna go by
evening cup.
Who said that the Quraysh came to Rasul Allah salAllahu Salam. And
as you know, the Qureshi took a lot of pride in their lesson in
the lineage of who they came from the Quraysh they came from
coloration, so on So going back, they were very proud of the
lineage and the family lines. So they came to a sort of la salida
syndrome and said Yama
syndrome, tell us the lineage of your Lord.
Tell us the Messiah, of your Lord.
In response to which Allah subhanaw taala revealed this, that
Allah has no lineage.
There is another narration that the Jews had also mentioned that
Hosea
and a Salah was the son of Allah and the Christians have mentioned
that the Messiah mercy, Isa,
La Silla is the Son of God, and they crush us to say that Allah
has daughters that the angels are daughters. So Allah subhanaw taala
revealed this in response to clarify all of these
beliefs that existed at the time.
But that hadith of asking about the lineage is the most authentic.
So what are some of the virtues of this the paradigm of surah Allah
class, then it has so much importance.
One day, a man came to rasool Allah salAllahu Salam, and he
complained that I was with Falon, but some person, and all you
decides is Surah AirFloss, he keeps repeating it over and over
and over and over again.
And he also implied in a way that he was belittling it, that means
that's not sufficient, you know, just one surah
to which Rasulullah Salallahu Salam responded by saying, well
let enough CBD in, let that at the loo, to loosen.
I swear by the one in whose hand is my life, and Rasulullah
sallallahu. So it doesn't have to do that, because he's a mean the
most truthful, but to stress the point he said by the one in whose
hand I swear by Allah
in this surah
is equivalent to to Lucifer and 1/3 of the
that's the importance of this, because the scholars have analyzed
how to understand this 1/3 of the Quran. And some of them have said
that 1/3 of the Quran is the hate of Allah.
And this is a Surah of Turkey. So this is one interpretation of it.
And there are other Hadith that indicated that value, because one
day Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi salam found
In some of his companions sitting and he said, is one of you not
able to recite 1/3 of the Quran in a single night? He asked this
question. You see, the way of asking is such that nobody would
ever forget it. They said, is any one of you not able to recite 1/3
of the Quran in this era? So that's a lot. Who among us can
recite 1/3 of the Quran in a night? For sunnah allah sallallahu
alayhi salam said, Paul, who Allahu Allah has some of naamyaa
Ledwell and Lulu Bellamy Aquila who prefer one ahead is equivalent
to 1/3. In other words, they said, this is also implying that you
should recite it in the night and you should recite it frequently.
One day Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi salam submit some of his
companions. This is Narrated by Abu Huraira, the Alon that they
were passing by. And there was one person sitting and reciting surah
and class and the Prophet salallahu Alaihe. Salam heard him
and he responded by saying, why Java? Why Java means it is wajib
it is obligatory.
So Abu Huraira, who was with him, probably Alonso era,
what is obligatory what is YG the Prophet sallallahu alayhi salam
said, for him an agenda
because of the way he was reciting it, with full devotion, and belief
in it Croswell masala said that Jana is YG just imagine somebody
sitting and reciting. And we decided this all the time.
Now, the Prophet salallahu Salam also taught his companions, he
said, recite Surah Flass with the word attain which is surah and
Phillip, a nurse, he said if you recite these three,
three times each morning and three times each evening, they will be
sufficient. He says tactica kula, Yeoman Murata that for you two
times every day, which will suffice you against every
and another narration is a coalition for against everything.
This is sufficient, it is sufficient. So it is an
encouragement for us to recite Hello, Hola. Palau, the bramble
Philip pull out abruptness three times each, in the morning, and
three times each in the evening. And he said that should be
sufficient for and he left it open didn't say sufficient for what
purpose sufficient for everything. So
how can we, as we say, we do these sessions because we want not just
knowledge that this is sufficient or it is 1/3 of the Quran? How are
we going to implement this in our lives in the simplest is after
fajr. When we sit in record, we recite three times these three
solos. And after maghrib, we recite three times this is if we
get into that habit, then we have fulfilled the rights of this
hadith and of what we're supposed to do.
Also, one time, a man was making the half
and he used this surah
as a means by of falling Allah subhanaw taala. By these names, he
said, Your Allah the Fallen is a shadow Allah Ilaha illa Allah. And
then he said, I'll go ahead and a hug
and
a summit
lumea lit when I knew that when I'm making.
So he used these names of Allah subhanaw taala and the Prophet
salallahu Alaihe Salam said again,
by the one in whose hands is my soul, he has asked Allah by His
greatest name, this will allow them
the name by which if he is asked, he gives, and by which if he is
called upon he answers. So in this Allah Summit, and I had the
Prophet sallallahu indicated is that Greatest Name of Allah.
And it is the practice it was the practice of Rasulullah Salallahu
Salam as narrated by our mother Aisha Radi Allahu anha.
That every night every night Rasulullah Salallahu Alaihe Salam
used to make this action. He used to recite the three sutras follow
Allah who had Palau, the bramble falak Palau, the brahmanas, do
those things
And then starting with his head and his face, he would rub all of
your muscle all over his body. He would do that three times every
night. So this is another thing that we should make as part of our
vicar before going to sleep. Because through this, the Prophet
salallahu alayhi salam sought protection for himself and we are
more in need of protection than he ever was.
One time
again, this is narrated by Omona Aisha Radi Allahu anha are bomba
that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi salam sent out a Surya and if you
remember the Surya is an expedition that was sent out in
which the Prophet salallahu Alaihe Salam himself did not go so he
appointed a Commander to take a small group of Sahaba
in Jihad peace.
Now, this commander, as you know, the commanders the Amir's used to
also LEAD Center. They were not just for for the battlefield.
So, in every Salah that he led, after he recited the Quran, he
would complete it with sort of a class
in every
so when this Surya this expedition came back, the Companions who were
there who noticed this was unusual, came through Rasulullah
sallallahu Sallam he said he also Allah, he would recite it in every
single recap.
So the Prophet salallahu Alaihe Salam said, Ask him, why he does.
So they went and asked him and he or the Allahu said that
it is a description of a rough man, and I love to recite it.
That's why I
said, Surah lfls is the description of a rough man
and I love to receive.
When the Prophet salallahu Alaihe Salam heard this, he replied, He
said, after the rule, and Allah
to Allah, you Hibou
after the room, inform him, Allah, Allah, certainly Allah Allah loves
him. Why? Because he loves to
imagine this is a certificate given to a companion whose name is
not mentioned.
By Rasul Allah salAllahu Alaihe Salam, that Allah ludzi
now that's a commendation, that's a certificate that you will be
proud. There is a similar narration of another Shahabi This
is narrated by an Astra the Alon that in muster the cobra, there
was an I'm sorry, who was a good recital, so they would have him
recite the Quran. And he would after Surah Fatiha and every Raka,
he would start with Surah, a lifeless, and then he would recite
another
then sometimes if you pray in our budget, you'll see our chef does
that frequently.
So his companions said to him,
why do you do this? is surah Allah philos not sufficient that you
have to add another Surah? Or is the other Surah not sufficient
that you have to add Surah class? Why do you put both?
So he said,
I swear, I will never live doing this. If you don't like this, then
I will not read this.
So they get what actually then the Prophet salallahu alayhi salam
went one time to provide you know, he used to go there frequently.
And they came to him and they said they informed him
that so and so for Allah does this. So also Allah asked him, he
said, What prevents you from doing as your companions command you?
And what makes you adhere stick to this recitation and every raka
his response was in need, okay, Buddha.
Certainly, surely I love it.
The Prophet sallallahu alayhi salam said, hook mocha Iya. At the
follicle, gentlemen, your love for the surah has entered you into
gentlemen.
This is the for dialogue this, this surah
also the Prophet sallallahu alayhi salam taught us
that reciting Surah Alif last 10 times, said Allah will build
palace for you in general.
And in another narration that's narrated by a diary me Mama dad
me, he said, and if you recite it 20 times, then two palaces in
general. So over Abner top, so the Messiah, the NAMA probably Allah
Han said we will do more than the Prophet sallallahu alayhi salam
said, and Allah is more generous.
So my dear brothers and sisters, you can build a palace in Jannah
for yourself. Morning in it. And again, knowing about it is one
thing doing it is another thing. So I strongly recommend that in
your morning at God, like we said, we put three of those after
Salatin fudgy, just recite polu, Allah had 10 times after maghrib
10 times, that's what I do. That's what I was taught to.
So every day you have a minimum of two palaces, built in Jannah. For
now, the question is, what does it mean to palaces built in general,
they are being built for you that means you are making your place in
general, if the palaces are built for you, Allah subhanaw taala will
certainly enter you.
So that's something that we should do and make part of our will.
Regular litany of our 10 times a class in the morning 10 times in
the evening, and the best way to remember it is to link it with the
budget and the Maghrib.
Now,
also, about this surah that the Prophet salallahu alayhi salam,
there is a link between this Surah Surah Al capital as
the Prophet sallallahu alayhi salam told us recite Surah capital
Surah Alif last well, if you remember
this is done were in these days where the Hoja at mahkamah
Ibrahim, the to record that is done in maqam. Ibrahim, first Raka
and capital. Second raka Allah Allah, the Prophet salallahu
Alaihe Salam as was mentioned, used to frequently recite this in
the Sunnah of Fajr before the Fajr Salah he would recite
Kalia Johann Catalonian follow Allah had enough in the Sunnah.
And after maghrib frequently in the Sunnah, he will recite
and he also recited it frequently in the Doha Salah. So, there these
are some of the times that are mentioned where these two sutras
are frequently linked and bread together.
So, what is the wire the pairing between Al Catherine and LF last
El Cap rule expresses the complete towhees
along with this, how is that because I'll character rule is the
denial of false gods and all false forms of worship.
And Alif last is the affirmation
of the talking government.
That it is Allah and Carter owners, we will not do what you
sow, if you look at it another way.
L capital also expresses the Tauheed of action of worship,
external actions, more to do with external action that I will not I
do not worship what you worship, and you do not worship what I was.
And I will not worship what you worship. And you will not worship
what I worship. Your deen is the almighty it is one. So it's an
expression of dark themes of external action that I do not do
and will not do what you do, which is Shift. And I left last is an
expression of internal Tauheed of belief of Aqeedah which I believe
is not a surah of action. It's a belief that I believe in believe
in Allah as he says in the sewer.
So if you put the two together the internal Tawhid of a class and the
external Tauheed of capital, it makes a complete expression of
doubt. That's why the two together are also known as fresh fish Aton.
The two cures
cures you from all forms of ship
Imam Arrazi
has written he has given an example of the surah again he has
said he said the entire Quran is like an oyster oyster shell
and the poor in
side is Kulu Allahu Allah
because ultimately everything comes to the top.
So that's our introduction to surah. A class, it's how it was
revealed why it was revealed. It's further fertile. Now we will start
with the surah itself. Allah Subhana Allah says bull. Hua Allah
ahead. Kulu Allahu Ahad.
So the call is a command to Rasul Allah salAllahu Salam, which means
say,
say to who? To the people who are asking,
what is the lineage, what is the nisab of your Lord?
Tell them who He, Allah.
I had
three names of Allah, Hua
Allah ahead.
Say, Allah is one
that will go into the details of
the HUD
means one, and why it is another name of Allah, which also means
one.
But they cannot be even though some people have said they're
synonyms, you know, in a general meaning Yes, because they both
talk about oneness. But Allah subhanaw taala doesn't repeat
unless there is some differences. So the word the name or had, the
one is considered as the absolute, undivided divisible oneness that
is unique, and nothing can be added to it, it cannot be divided,
and nothing can be added to it.
That it is the one of Allah is alone, perfect in his names and
attributes and actions. And this word, this name 100 is used only
for Allah.
And it indicates the internal oneness that Allah is one by
himself.
Versus Whitehead with some scholars say is the external
oneness means Allah is one in relationship to everything else,
he is one and everything else is a multitude.
That's how Whitehead is understood.
And, you know, these are certain things. So, linguistically, they
said, another way is, I heard is a negation isn't nothing, because
the way HUD is used use, you use something like, like ma ra Ito,
who I had, I did not see anyone. So it's a negation.
So they say had is a negation of everything that has been
attributed to Allah that is not him. Whereas Whitehead is an
affirmation that Allah is One
Whitehead is used as right to Rajan, why Whitehead, I saw one
man. So I had this one, I had this the exclusion of everything and
therefore leaning only one. So there is a subtle difference. Some
see that has a higher degree of Divine oneness or toughy of Allah
subhanaw taala without any consideration of His creation, in
other words, Allah is ahead whether there is creation or not.
Okay.
And it supersedes or it excludes the meaning of conveying all of
his attributes 99 And more of his names and attributes, he is a hard
whereas warhead includes all of those, that he is one in terms of
his attributes, he is one as compared to the multitude of His
creation. So some have said and again, these are subtle things
difficult to understand, they are both names of Allah subhanaw
taala. So some have said that the head conveys all the total
negative things of the divine attributes. What do you mean by
negative things or divine attributes that Allah is not body?
Allah is not substance, Allah is not gender, Allah has not given a
sun, Allah is not unjust value. So all those negations are part of a
head
and they say that Whitehead is a totality of all the positive
attributes that Allah
is the Creator, Allah is the sustainer he is the provider, He
is the giver. All of those would go under. Why? So this is your
opinion of somebody.
So that's some differences are subtle, and Allah knows best. So
we say, Allah subhanaw taala command school, who are this who
is he?
But this is a very special Hua because was used for everybody
else who are, you know, for any men, but this is a special one
because it is for Allah.
And some of the scholars especially the spiritually
astute scholars have said that this is ultimately this Hua is the
is Milan because it's undifferentiated, it is refers
only to the essence the data from loss
and some have considered it like that. And it is again they said
beyond the consideration of attributes whereas when you say
Allah, again implying this is him, but with all of his attributes
included, that Allah is
a summit.
So Allah is the name
with all the attributes including
the creator the sustainer, but nor the powerful.
So this the name Allah has also called this will Jana, the name
that gathers everything.
So some of the people have used this as part of their GPA that
they use the school in law
starting with something like yahoo, yahoo, Min Liang Hua Allahu
Yahuwah.
Oh he talked about Allah.
Yeah, or mon language
or the one other than Gu La Ilaha there is no one. But
so these are some of the ways in which people have used because
they want to use the name of Allah subhanaw taala. Then Allah
subhanaw taala says Kullu Allahu Ahad Allah Who Samad now if you
notice,
take out the pool, we have Hua for Allah, Allah.
Allah Summit, we are hearing nothing in this about anything
except the names of Allah. This is the last Allah a summit. So what
is a summer again, a salad is the name that only appears in the one
time and that's here, nowhere else. And again like Allah, like a
hat, it is a name that cannot be used by anyone else. You cannot
call somebody someone.
He would be up this summit, like high level
like rock man, everyone else would be under high level of document of
the summit. So what does a summit mean? Some of the some of the
means to be totally independent, not in need of anyone. So and not
just in need, but eternally forever. So, one way of saying
Samad would be
absolutely, that means that every aspect eternally, forever
independently without dependency sufficient unto himself.
Allah is absolutely eternally independently sufficient by and
unto Himself, not in need of any of his creation. Why? Because he
is the primary cause of everything he has always been before
creation, and He will always be after creation ceases to exist.
This is somebody from
another meaning that it is implied in it is the one that all of
creation universally seeks and depends upon for their own
existence, their needs, their requests, because they are totally
dependent upon him, whereas he is totally independent of them. So
one on whom the entire creation, the sun
alone the angels, human beings, everything depends on him for
their existence, and he depends on know. That is some of the
the master who is sought who people look for. That's why a sign
here and it must move the master who is must move summit whose
summit they are people seek
because he is the source of everything whose control is
complete,
who is perfect in his sovereignty
as a man who is
perfect in his nobility, produce in his magnificence in his
forbearance as Helene in his knowledge as Elaine in his wisdom
as hacking in his authority.
So, this is all within that somebody are homeless, beyond all
comprehension.
Then Allah subhanaw taala says lumea lid wollam units
Love is a denial in the past tense. Yeah, let me means to be
get to procreate to give birth, he does not give birth, while love
you let and he is not given birth to his not procreate procreate or
begotten.
So, He begets not and is not begotten, or he does not give
birth and he was not born because he is a Samad. He has no spouse,
no parents, no offsprings, no sons, no daughters, no peers, no
equal.
Why is that, because anything that is begotten of born, what happens,
dies.
And when only somebody has died, then you can speak of lineage.
Because without death, there is no lineage.
Say that was my father and before him them before him before means
they all passed away. This is my lineage. They will ask him about
lineage. Allah subhanaw taala says He begets not how can you have a
lineage
and whoever is born, dies, leaves behind inheritance, Allah does not
die and he does not leave behind any inheritance he owns. He
inherits everything.
So Allah subhanaw taala, in these few words, has answered
all the belief questions about himself in response to does he
have lineage? Was there a beginning does it depend? All of
those are answered in these few words, which only talk about him?
So in this regard, there is a Hadith of pudsey that Rasul allah
sallallahu alayhi, Salam protests, you said, Allah subhanaw taala
says, the son of Adam denies me or tells a lie against me, and he has
no right to to do that. And the son of Adam, he abuses me, he
curses me, and he has no right to do that.
Then he said, and he denies me when he says that I will not
resurrect him, bring him back to life, as I created him the first.
So anyone who denies that resurrection, Allah subhanaw taala
says, has denied me and told a lie against him, whereas it is easier
to recreate than the first creation. And he said, when he
abuses me, he curses me who says that I have you gotten a son or a
daughter?
It is considered a curse against Allah subhanaw taala.
He said, whereas I am a somewhat eternally self sufficient master.
I do not give birth nor was I born, and there is nothing
comparable to
lamea cool love whoo hoo for one. That's how the surah hands were
numb to denials. Allah does not beget he was not big Archer is
does not give birth he was not born while lung and yakun low.
There is no one like him. Who for one, who for one means has a
likeness or equal or comparable.
What have a similarity Google one means equal or comparable, Allah
Samantha, listen, there is no not one not ahead. Not a single thing
that can be equal or comparable or like a muscle. He is absolutely
unique.
If no one is compatible, no one is equal to, in his, that, in his
being,
in his,
in his attributes, in his smell in his names, in his actions in his
ad, Allah is unique and nothing is like
that's how Allah subhanaw taala ends to give us a pure idea of
debate of Allah subhanaw taala who of who he is. And this is also
mentioned elsewhere in the Quran.
When Allah subhanaw taala says in
elsewhere he says about himself, far go to somewhere where it will
art, the originator and creator of the heavens and the earth.
Jah Allah, Allah to mean unphysical as Raja,
the one he made for you, spouses from amongst yourself,
were menial and as Raj and among the cattle, their mates
Yatra are comfy in this way he multiplies. Then Allah subhanaw
taala says which is relevant to this LASIK? Admittedly, he shaved
while he was semi on bus, laser denial, care, likeness, metal
likeness, shape, there is nothing even like the likeness of Allah
subhanaw taala that's like an absolute denial of fish be that
there is nothing that you can think that you can say Allah is
like this. Even what you think that might be, is denied. So Allah
said first says denial by Lysa then he does attack it by saying
cat means like, then he says Mr. Which is also like, so he's used
every form of that. So literally, it means there is nothing even
like the likeness of him.
Well, who was some you're in yet? He were, Samia must see, that she
hears.
And he sees. Now he mentioned that because we hear and we see. So
what does that mean? You're hearing and you're seeing and my
hearing and my scene is nothing like what Allah hears and sees the
words of the sacred, that's all
because attributes are the same.
You can show Rama, Allah shows Rama, the terminology is the same,
but there are nothing equal.
So this is in summary.
So the class, absolute purity of Turkey, Allah Samantha Allah gives
no commandments, asks nothing of you informs you of nothing other
than himself industry. You're already sore after hate.
Who is Allah?
And that says, and everything, there is no commandment, this is
something to be
internalized, and embedded in our hearts.
Now reflect how the surah starts. It's a command to the Prophet
sallallahu some people say this, it's a command to us say this.
Is this though here's something for us to just tell people just
say it.
Who should we say to First I need to say first to Michael.
So that it gets embedded so that it's internalized this towhid of
Allah subhanaw taala as he has described himself, so I say it to
myself, once it's here. Now I can tell people about it's not just
tell them and inside I am harboring all kinds of doubts and
shit.
And I'm attributing to Allah subhanaw taala which he has denied
so the first recipient of this
should be me.
I should recite it, reflect on it over and over hundreds of times.
My chef frequently makes us when we go out
Rahula with him. Every night he will sit he said recite everybody
besides Hello Allah had 100 times
besides internal light and not fast thinking about it, besides
building 10 palaces in jail
and it doesn't take long. Get into the habit of reciting the surah
all the time all the time. Till we love it and we
It's not just an expression of saying I love it, those companions
of the prophet or the Allahu Anhu said that we used it. And when
they said, because I love it in New York,
in New York,
they mentioned it was coming from inside. They couldn't do without
it. He loved the description of Alaska.
Now if we have that love, then
agenda, why Java is obligatory? So we asked Allah subhanaw taala.
With his best names, we asked who are by his name, Allah was never
advised Samad
by his name and height and by young
that Allah subhanaw taala gave us the happycar of surah Allah flast
the ultimate key and the heartache in our man in our actions are al
Cathey rule
that every aspect of our life reflects that
every deal
that becomes embedded, our lives will change and we will reflect
the lore of the Quran, which is
just Allah subhanaw taala to make that a reality for us. Withdrawal
has helped us to recite the surah over and over again as much as we
can and frequently enough Salah and to reflect on
me, inshallah. We will open this up for questions and comments.
We have about 15 minutes before Margaret