Kamil Ahmad – Lessons from the Seerah #74 The Conquest of Makkah P2
AI: Summary ©
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam's army divided into three sectors and was eventually fired by the enemy. The Prophet's visit to Mecca was a blessing for Islam, and he recites the victory of Allah and gives the keys to the Kaaba to his mother. The Prophet's actions, including his actions towards his brother and his own children, were discussed, including his actions towards his own children and his actions towards his own parents. The importance of forgiveness and tolerance for evil behavior in Islam is emphasized, and the need for individuals to not promote their idols and shower their religion is emphasized.
AI: Summary ©
Last week, we started looking at
the great event, one of the most important
events in the Seerah of the Prophet Sallallahu
Alaihi Wasallam, and that is fath Mecca, the
conquest of Mecca.
And so we started with
the letter
of
the great companion
Halpib
radiAllahu an.
In which he made this mistake
and so he sent a letter to Mecca
to warn
the people of Mecca of the plans of
the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam.
And then we went through
the preparations made by Rasulullah hu sallallahu alaihi
wa sallam,
and marching out to Mecca.
And what took place on the way,
including
the Islam
of Abu Sufyan.
And the last thing that we had mentioned
was that Abu Sufyan,
after he saw the Muslims and he saw
their massive army and their strength,
he went back to Mecca
and he told everyone of what he had
seen.
And he told them, We do not stand
a chance.
And he conveyed to them the message of
Rasulullah
That whoever enters the home of Abu Sufyan
is safe, whoever
closes his door is safe, and whoever enters
the masjid
is safe.
And so and so now Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam
started preparing his army
to enter
Mecca.
He did this by dividing the army
into
3.
And so he appointed
Khalid
ibn al Walid radiAllahu anhu to
lead the right flank
of the army,
and he would enter
Mecca from one side.
And he appointed
Az Zubir ibn al Awam
radiAllahu an'am to lead
the left flank.
And he would enter from another side.
And he appointed Abu Rabaydah ibnujarah
radiawaghunhan to lead
the infantry.
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam,
he then called on Abu Hurayrah radiAllahu An
to
summon the Ansar.
And when they came running
to him, he said,
O Ansar,
do you see the Ubash of Quraysh?
The Ubash of Quraysh
refers to
various tribes that Quraysh
had hired
to fight
the Muslims on this day.
And so they made a deal with them.
Quraysh made a deal with them. They said
that if they would defeat the Muslims,
then
Quraysh would take the booty with them, the
spoils of the war.
But if they lost
then Quraysh had made a plan
to sign
a treaty
with the Muslims
or to surrender
and pay some form of tax that would
allow them to stay in Mecca without being
harmed.
So what did the Ansar say to the
Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam when he asked them,
do you see the Obash of Quraysh?
They said, yes.
So the Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam said, when
you meet them tomorrow,
look to exterminate them. When you meet when
you meet them tomorrow,
fight them and kill them.
Then Rasulullah
Sallallahu
Alaihi Wasallam ordered
Zubair ibn al Awan radiAllahu anaim
to lead the Muhajirun
and their horsemen
to enter Mecca
from a place known as Kidar.
And this is also
the side that the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam entered from.
And it was the uppermost part of Mecca.
And he told him to plant his banner
at a place called Al Khudun.
And he told him not to move from
there until he received further instructions.
As for Khalid ibn Walid,
the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ordered him
to enter Mecca
from its lower most point
and to plant his flag
beside
the first houses that he came across.
Now,
we previously mentioned
that
the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam
wanted to avoid as much bloodshed in Mecca
as possible.
He was not planning to fight
even though he was well equipped and well
prepared for that.
But the only reason he
brought with him weapons and an army
was in case
he faced resistance.
Otherwise, he was not planning on
starting the fight.
And so he gave instructions
to
his army
to not initiate a fight
but instead to only fight those
who fight you.
Any resistance
that they met, they were told to fight.
And we see the example of that
when the prophet shalallahu alaihi wa sallam
told the ansar,
the abash of Quraysh, those tribes
that were hired by Quraysh, they were hired
for this specific reason to fight.
So what did the prophet tell the Ansar,
when you see them tomorrow, exterminate them.
Kill them.
And so now after
all these various battalions
were given
their respective instructions,
it was time to
execute the plan.
It was a Friday morning,
and it was the 20th of Ramadan
of the 8th year of the hijrah.
Each battalion,
they entered
Mecca from its four sides
at the exact same time.
And as a result,
Quraysh was not able to even plan
to fight back.
They couldn't even put
any form of resistance except that
Khalid ibn Walid radiAllahu anhu, he did meet
some resistance.
And so at a place called Al Kandana,
he was met
by a group
led by Safwan ibn Umayyah,
Ir Aikirima ibn Abi Jahal,
and Suhail ibn Amr.
These were some
of the prominent,
members of Quraysh.
And so they had some of their men
with them and they were planning on,
resisting.
So
they fired some arrows.
In response,
Khalid ibn Walid ordered his men to attack
them.
And it was only a matter of time,
only a matter of few minutes before Khalid
Radhiu Waghuhan and his men put an end
to that resistance,
forcing
the enemy to leave their positions
and run for their lives. And they even
killed,
many of them.
So this was how the Muslims
entered Mecca.
Barely any resistance
except for
that resistance that we mentioned.
But how about Rasulullah
Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam?
How did he enter?
Firstly,
the Prophet Sallallahu
Alaihi Wasallam did not enter Mecca in Ihram
nor did any of the Muslims
because they had not come for Hajj or
Umrah.
Otherwise, the rule is,
as the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam says, no
one is allowed to enter
the haram except in a state of haram.
But he did not come for that purpose,
rather he had come to conquer it.
And so it's mentioned that he was wearing
a war helmet
and then later on,
he had a black turban
that he was wearing as he entered
Mecca.
And he entered in a very humble way.
He lowered his head so much
that his chin almost touched the middle part
of his saddle.
And as he was entering Mecca,
he was reciting Suratul Fatiha.
And so what was he doing?
Suratul Fati tells us
of the victory of Allah.
And if you recall Suratul Fati was revealed
right after
Surah Al Hudaybiyah.
That peace treaty
that the Muslims had entered into, and they
thought that they were defeated,
that they were humiliated on that day. But
Allah told them, no.
This is a great victory.
And now
this
is the victory of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala
materializing
on the day of
Fatiha,
of Makkah.
So the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam was reciting
Surat Al Fatiha.
And so what he was doing
was he was thanking Allah
for the great blessing of this victory.
Imagine
it was only 8 years earlier
that
the Prophet
and his companions were forced
to leave Makkah,
his beloved hometown.
And now he was returning with an army
of 10,000.
And so the more he thought about,
you know, what he was doing, the more
he was,
the more he was thinking about this blessing
of Allah, the more he humbled himself
to Allah subhanahu
wa ta'ala.
Now another thing that is very symbolic about
how the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam entered
Mecca
was that he had someone riding with him
behind him.
Who was that?
It wasn't one of the noblemen of Quraysh
or of his of his own family.
But rather it was Usama ibn Zaid
Radhiallahu An
who was riding with him on the same
animal.
Why was this so symbolic?
Usama radhiallahu anhu was the son of the
freed slave
of the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam.
And so imagine,
you know, a son
of a freed slave
having the honor of riding
with the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam as he
was entering Mecca
as a victor,
as a conqueror,
and not one of the children of Hashim
from Bani Hashim, his own
family,
or
you know, one of the nobles of Quraysh.
And
it's not that they weren't there, they were.
Right?
But the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam did
not give them
that honor.
Rasulullah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam then he made
his way to the Kaaba.
And he made tawaf around it.
And then he called,
Rizman
ibn Talha
to bring
the key of the Ka'bah.
The key of the Ka'bah belonged to
a family of Quraysh known as
Banu Abd Dhar.
And
Uthman ibn Talha belonged
to this family.
Basically,
the various duties
and responsibilities of Mecca
were divided
among the various families of Quraysh.
So for example, Banu Hashim,
the family of the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam,
their responsibility
was
giving food and drink
to the pilgrims when they come.
This was the honor that they had. As
for Banu 'Abdu Dar, they had the honor
of having the key,
and holding the key of the Kaaba.
So Rataman ibn Parha, he was a Muslim,
and he belonged to this family.
So
he went, the key was with his mother,
And she was in Mecca,
and initially she refused.
But then eventually he took the key from
her, and he came and gave it to
the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam.
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam,
he opened the Kaaba.
And what did he see?
He saw statues,
he saw
a pigeon made of wood.
He knocked it down.
And on the walls of the Kaaba
were images
of angels
of Ibrahim
and Ishmael
as they were throwing arrows.
What were these arrows? Basically,
this is what Allah refers to in Surat
Al Maidah that is something haram. And that
is,
Which was a bid'ah of
the people of Jahiliyyah,
where
if one of them wants to make a
decision,
he would
draw 3 lots.
And one of them,
it would
be written on it, do it.
The other would be written on it, don't
do it. And the third would be left
blank.
And then they would follow, they would throw
these arrows whichever one
it turns out to land
on, they would choose that.
And that's how they would make their decisions.
Obviously, in Islam, that was replaced for us
by al istikhara.
So when Rasulullah Hisallahu Alaihi Wasallam saw that,
you know, an image of Ibrahim and Ismail
doing this.
He said,
May Allah fight them.
They knew that neither of them, neither Ibrahim
nor Ismail ever drew lots with them.
Then he ordered Umar ibn Khattab radiAllahu an
to go into the Kaaba and erase all
of these images and clean out the Kaaba
of
these images and these statues.
Then the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam entered the
Kaaba
once it was clean of all of these
innovations of the people of Jahiliyyah.
And he went in,
and he went to each corner.
And he said, Allahu Akbar, and he prayed.
Now,
ibn Umar radiAllahu Han, Abdullah ibn Umar,
He narrates that Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam entered
the Kaaba
on that day
with Usama ibn Zaid,
Bilal,
ibn Rabah, and
Arthman ibn Talha.
And then he closed the door behind him,
and he remained in there for some time.
So when they came out, ibn Umar radiAllahu
anhu,
he rushes
to Bilal
and asks him what the Prophet Sallallahu alaihi
wa sallam did
and where he prayed.
So Bilal, he told him that the Prophet
Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam had placed
2 pillars to his left.
1 to his right and 3 to his
back.
And then he prayed. Basically,
at the time the Kaaba
was standing on 6 pillars.
So Birad radiAllahu anhu anhu here, he was
trying to explain
to,
ibn Umar where the prophet stood and prayed.
Now
the keys of the Kaaba
were in whose hands now?
They were in the hands of the Prophet
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam.
So Ali ibn Abi Talib radiAllahu An,
being from the family of the Prophet SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam,
and belonging to Banu Hashim.
He approaches the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam and
says, O Messenger of Allah,
combine for us the honors
of
of
providing water to the pilgrims, which they were
already responsible for.
Along with holding on to the keys of
the Kaaba.
What did the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam do?
Let's first go back to
the days when the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam was in Makkah.
In the early days of Islam.
One day, the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam had
approached
Uthman ibn Palha,
who was not a Muslim at that time.
And he had asked him for the key
of the Kaaba.
He wanted to enter to pray.
And Uthman refused
with some really harsh words and some mean
words.
Remember he was a kafir.
And so
here was an opportunity
for the Prophet
to take revenge,
to confiscate the keys from him
and keep it with himself.
Like Ali radiAllahu anhu was suggesting.
As for Uthman
ibn Talha,
he probably did not expect
the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam to even return
the keys to him
because of
what he did back then.
But the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam,
he looked out Uthman,
and
he said, O Uthman,
perhaps you see that this key
is in my hand today and that I
may give it to whomever I wish.
Uthman he said, Indeed
Quraysh have been annihilated
and humiliated today.
The Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam said, No.
Today Quraysh have become prosperous and strong.
Then the Prophet salallahu alaihi wa sallam handed
him over the key. He gave it back
to him.
And he said,
Take your key, O Uthman.
For today is a day
of righteousness,
a day
of piety,
and a day
of loyalty.
Take it forever
and no one will take it from you
except
for a wrongdoer,
except for a tyrant.
And so the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam was
saying
that, Today is a day
of basically
upholding
our loyalties.
We're not gonna break
anything that we were entrusted with.
And we're gonna uphold whatever loyalties we had
before
Even if it be against our enemies.
And so that's why
the key of the Ka'bah is still in
the hands of the descendants
of the earth man, ibn Talha radiAllahu an
until this very day.
And they are called Banu Shaaybah, the family
that holds on to the key of the
Kaaba
until this very day. Passed down from father
to son.
Then the Prophet
riding on his animal,
he went
around the Kaaba
holding on to his bow.
In another narration mentioning that he was holding
on to a stick,
and he was pointing to all of the
idols
that were
around the Kaaba,
And he would strike them.
Some narrations mentioned that he would only point
at them and they would fall down.
But other narrations mentioned he would hit them
and
they would fall down. All the while he
was reciting
the ayah,
And say,
The truth has come
and falsehood has vanished. Indeed falsehood is bound
to vanish.
The truth has come. That's it.
The word of Allah,
Kalimatullah,
is superior on this day,
defeating
all and all falsehood.
And there were a total of 3 360
idols
on and around the Kaaba.
And the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam had all
of them destroyed.
And he was doing this
while the people of Mecca were watching on.
These glorified
idols
that held,
that were considered sacred
in the eyes of these people were destroyed
one
after the other.
And so this was a very monumental moment
symbolizing
the end
of the religion of these people
and
the prevalence of Islam.
Islam prevailing.
And so they were watching
as
these gods of theirs
that they had been here for centuries
were falling down and breaking into pieces.
Smashed by the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam.
Now the symbolic the symbolism of this day,
you know, all of
these symbolic
features of this day that we're seeing here.
How the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam entered
Mecca.
You know, having
someone like Usama ibn Zayed with him,
then entering the Mecca,
then entering the Kaaba,
and now smashing all of these idols.
It didn't end there.
Then came a very very
monumental moment
when the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam called
on Bilal radiAllahu anhu
and told him to climb onto the Kaaba
and give the adhan.
And so
his choice for Bilal radiAllahu an
and not any of the other companions
was to send a message
that he was ushering in a new era
for Mecca.
And for all of Arabia,
an era,
a new era
that would see
the end of the
social
fabric and the
the way the class system existed
among the Arabs.
How it was based
on
along tribal lines
and racial lines.
How the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam
was bringing all of that down,
and how he was pointing out to the
fact
that from now on,
any
difference is gonna be based not along
tribal lines or racial lines or
color of the skin
or ethnic background,
but rather
it's gonna be based
on iman and taqwa.
Some narrations mentioned that
some of the people of Mecca,
they despise this move of the Prophet Sallallahu
Alaihi Wasallam
and made very derogatory
comments
about Bilal radiya waha'an.
Nonetheless,
it was a profound moment.
And
you know some of the salafs they say
that the prophet
did this intentionally
to enrage the kuffar.
Imagine
for Bilal radiAllahu anhu.
A'ala. It was only 8 to 10 years
earlier
that he was
saying the name of Allah.
Uhadun Uhad.
Barely being able to say it
while
being persecuted
and tortured.
We mentioned his story
and how
while he was being tortured, he would say,
And he mentioned
that the reason he was doing that,
he realized that this makes him even more
angry.
And that's all he wanted to do
even though it was increasing
his pain.
Nonetheless,
now
8 to 10 years later,
his voice was much louder than a whisper.
And
it was the only voice that could be
heard
throughout Mecca
as it reverberated throughout the city
with the words of the Adan
proclaiming the greatness of Allah
and the Oneness of Allah.
Everyone there,
Muslim and non Muslim,
they were hearing these words
and they were forced to hear it.
Then there was another very captivating moment as
well.
The Prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam
had come
to Mecca conquering.
This was after
20 years of facing hardship
at the hands of the people of Mecca.
Being persecuted while being in Mecca,
and then,
you know, fighting wars
with them while he was in Madinah.
Now, on this day,
when the Prophet
had an army of 10,000 men,
With one command,
his soldiers
could have easily
executed
all of the men.
Seized their property,
taken their women as captives.
As was the case with all other battles
and
all other
conquests
where he would conquer a town or a
city.
It was that simple.
Just
with one command, he could have done all
of that,
but he didn't.
And so while the people of Mecca
were gathered near the Kaaba,
waiting
to find out their fate.
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam asked them,
what do you think
I'm gonna do with you today?
What do you think I'm gonna do?
So
the people of Mecca knowing
the Prophet
very well,
knowing his character,
what did they respond with? They said,
You will do with us what is best.
You are
a noble and generous brother.
You are a noble
and generous nephew.
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam said,
Go for you are
freed.
You are all free.
You are all released.
And so
that is why
those who accepted Islam on that day from
the people of Nakkah,
they were called Aqdulaka.
The ones who were freed.
The ones who were released by the Prophet
because
he liberated them. He freed them.
If he had given the command for them
to be killed,
then that's it. They would've ended up in
the * fire.
But the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam released
them from the hellfire.
They gave them that
opportunity and so they are referred to as
the Those who were freed by the Prophet
And so they all accepted Islam
after that.
And so this was the general amnesty,
the general pardon
that the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam declared
for the people of Makkah on that day.
However,
there was
a blacklist.
There were exceptions.
And so this blacklist
included
the
names
of
some
8 to
14
different people of Mecca.
There's a difference of opinion in terms of
who was on this list.
But those who were on it
were Abdullah ibn Khattel,
Abdullah ibn Abi Sar,
Mirqias ibn Subaba,
Al Huayrith ibn Nuqayd,
Sarah,
Fartana,
and Arnab.
Basically 4 men
and 3
women.
The Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam said about
them. He gave orders. He said, execute
them. He mentioned their names
and he said, execute them
even if you find them hanging on the
curtain of the Kaaba.
Now why were these people
exempted? Why were they excluded
from the general
amnesty and pardon
that the Prophet
gave to the people on that day?
Each had a reason.
So let's look at each one of these
people, and why the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam put them on this list.
Abdullah ibn Khattr,
he had become a Muslim,
and he made hijrah.
Then the Prophet
one day he sent him to collect
the sadaqaat and the zakah.
And he left with a man from the
Ansar,
along with a servant of his.
So on the way,
his servant, he angered him. Basically, he asked
him, where is
where is my food?
And he said, I forgot.
So, 'Abdullah ibn Khattel, he killed him.
Now,
he knows he's not gonna get away with
that. You know, in Islam, there is justice.
And if he goes back to Madinah,
the Prophet salallahu alayhi wasalam is gonna apply
the the hudood, the had punishment,
and he's gonna kill him.
So what did he do? He ran away
to Mecca, and he apostated. He left Islam.
And he had 2 slave girls
who he were trained to sing poetry
insulting the Prophet
So it is said that
he was found hanging on the cloth of
the Kaaba,
and he was executed on the spot.
The second
was Abdullah ibn Abi Sarih.
He became Muslim
and he would transcribe
the Qur'an for the Prophet
He would write down the Qur'an.
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam would recite ayaat
and he would write them
down. The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam had different
scribes.
And so
he also ran away and he apostated.
And he would even tell Quraysh
that when he would write the Quran for
the Prophet
he would change the words.
So when he found out
that he was on this blacklist,
he
sought refuge
with his brother from breastfeeding and that was
Uthman ibn Affan
radiAllahu wan.
So he came to Uthman and he sought
refuge with him. But Uthman radiAllahu wan took
him directly to the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam.
Abdullah ibn Abi Surih, he said,
O Messenger of Allah, I have come to
you to give you my bay'ah
to accept Islam.
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam
did not say a
word.
He said it a second time.
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam remained
silent.
The third
time the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam,
he
accepted it.
So he accepted
his Islam,
and so
he was saved.
Now when he left,
the Prophet
turned to the men who were with him
and he asked them, Wasn't there a wise
man among you
who could have gotten up and just killed
him when you saw that
I didn't say a word. I was remaining
silent.
The unsolved, they said, O Messenger of Allah,
why didn't you give us a signal?
The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, he said,
A Prophet does not kill by giving signals.
It's It's not appropriate
for a prophet
to kill anyone by giving signals.
In one narration, it mentions that one of
the Ansar, he had his hand on his
sword.
He was
ready to execute the man.
He was only waiting for a signal from
the Prophet salallahu
alayhi wa sallam.
However,
it was the Qadr of Allah Subhanahu Wa
Ta'ala.
And Allah guides whomever He wills.
Guidance
is not in the hands of the Prophet
himself.
Later on, Abdulwa ibn Abi Sarh, he went
on to become a good Muslim.
And it's mentioned
that
in the khilafa of Umar and Urisman,
he he got appointed
with
high positions.
And then even, you know, his death, he
died in sudud.
And so this shows
us that,
you know, it was Allah who spared his
life
on that day
and guided him to Islam.
As for Mirkias ibn Subadah,
his brother was a Muslim.
In the battle of Bani al Mustaliq,
he was mistakenly
killed
by a man from the Ansar.
So his brother was a Muslim,
and he was mistakenly killed by
a man from the Unsar.
So Mirkiyas made hijrah from Mecca,
and he accepted Islam
only to collect the blood money of his
brother.
Because in Islam, there is no
dia
for
mistakenly killing.
That dia does not go to a kafir.
So he came showing that he was a
Muslim so that he could get the dia.
After he received it from the Prophet SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam, he ran away and he apostated.
He went back to Makkah.
So it is mentioned that when his name
came out, he was executed
by his cousin.
As for Al Huayr ibn Uqayd,
when the Prophet
sent his 2 daughters,
Fatima and Zainab
to Madillah. This was before
the Prophet's Hijra.
He was sending the Muslims to Madillah.
And when he sent Fatima and Zaynab, his
2 daughters,
on the Hijra,
this individual,
he went to the camel that they were
riding on, the 2 of them, and he
provoked the camel,
causing the camel to come down, causing them
to fall off.
As a result,
Zaynab
radhiyallahu anha was pregnant, and she had a
miscarriage
as a result of this.
So this is why the Prophet
put him on the list.
Now it is said that he ran away
when he found out that his name was
on the blacklist,
and then later on he came back,
embracing Islam, and so he was pardoned.
As for the 3 women,
Sara, Fartana,
and Arnab,
they were all slave girls
who would sing
against the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam.
2 of them, Fartana and Arnab,
were the 2 slave girls of Abdullah ibn
Khattr
that we just mentioned.
We mentioned that Abdullah ibn Khattr,
he apostated, went back to Mecca and he
had these 2 slave girls.
So
these women were on the list
because of what?
Because of their blasphemy.
Because of how they insulted
Rasulullah
Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam.
Now some narrations say that
Suratara was executed
while Sara and Arnab, they accepted Islam, and
they were pardoned. And so they were forgiven.
So we can see here how
everyone who was on this black list
were excluded from
the afur, the pardon, the amnesty of the
Prophet
for one of two reasons.
Either because
of their rida,
they apostated, they left Islam,
or
because of their blasphemy.
Insulting
the Prophet sallallahu
alaihi wa sallam.
And these two crimes are among those things
that are never forgiven in Islam.
A person is executed for these two reasons.
He is executed and he has not spared
the punishment.
As opposed to another kafir
who's just a normal kafir, he doesn't
do these two things, then
he deserves
some tolerance.
And so the Prophet
he pardoned everyone else,
but not those who fell into
these two
things, either apostasy
or
blasphemy.
Why? What's the reason for that? What's the
wisdom behind that?
Because these people are inherently evil.
And
if you give them freedom,
then they will continue to attack Islam,
and to undermine the security
of the Muslim state.
And so we don't want to give them
that opportunity.
And so these were
the events that took place on
the day
of Fatimaqa,
the conquest
of Mecca.
There are a few more things that we
will cover
concerning what happened on this day in Mecca.
We'll
mention those remaining,
events
next week insha'Allah.
Let's go through some of the lessons that
we learned
from what we have covered today. The first
lesson
that we learned,
or the first point here is
a question of,
was Mecca
conquered
Runwatan
by force,
militarily,
or Sulhan
through negotiations
or
peacefully.
There is a difference of opinion among the
scholars.
And so some said it was
conquered militarily
by force
due to the fact that there was some
fighting.
We mentioned
that
there was some resistance
and that was what Khalid ibn al Walid
faced.
While
others, they said that it was conquered
peacefully
without a fight
since
the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam did not
really engage
in a battle
with his army.
Nonetheless,
the implications
of this
difference of opinion
is
where we would have different rulings on
what we consider,
the land and the people
who were conquered.
And so
if
a land is conquered by force,
In the sharia,
everything that belongs to the enemy,
it goes into the possession
of the Muslims who participated in that battle.
It becomes gharimah.
And so this includes
the spoils of war,
the the land,
the homes, the property, the wealth.
And the people are taken, and the women
are taken as slaves.
But if the land is conquered
through surrender
and without a fight,
and
with a peace agreement
with the Muslims,
then the enemy,
they have right to ownership
and they remain free. The Muslims do not
take them as captives and
they do not become
slaves.
And that is all based on the agreement,
the peace agreement.
And so based on this difference of opinion,
we have these two implications.
And so some scholars say that Mecca was
conquered by force, while others say that
it was not.
And Allah knows best.
The second lesson
is
a very valuable lesson in
humility
and humbleness.
We mentioned how the Prophet
he was coming back
to Makkah
as a conqueror.
The same Makkah in which
he and his companions
faced opposition,
torture,
persecution
for 13 years.
The same Mecca that they were forced to
leave.
And then after years of wars
between the Muslims and the same people of
Mecca,
He comes here victorious
having gained the upper hand.
How do kings and conquerors usually
enter?
How do they celebrate
such a victory?
They celebrate it with a lot of pride,
with a huge party.
They
are usually in a state of pride and
boasting
their achievement,
showing off their military might, and subjugating their
enemy.
But we see how the Prophet
entered Mecca victoriously.
He entered in a state of humility
with humbleness,
not in a state of pride
and boasting.
He did not attribute
this achievement to himself
or to his military might,
but rather to Allah
which is why he was reciting Suratul Fath
as we mentioned
while entering.
And so he was
attributing
the victory to Allah
by thanking Him,
by praising Him.
And so this is only one
of many examples of this particular trait
of the Prophet
And so even though he was who he
was,
the most beloved
of mankind to Allah
And he had every right
to be proud
of that.
Yet he was also the most humble of
mankind.
And And so he displayed that humbleness throughout
his prophethood
and we see
it on this day in which he could
have boasted but he did not.
Instead he entered in a state of humility
and humbleness.
And this is what we see
continuing among his
companions after him, and his khulafa.
How did Umar ibn Khattab radiAllahu an enter
al Quds.
He was the conqueror.
Al Quds also
fell into the hands of the Muslims without
a fight,
or they surrendered, the people they surrendered.
And Umar radiAllahu anhu came all the way
from Madira,
and he walked into the city barefoot
with his servant on the animal.
Him dragging the animal entering into
the city
as a conqueror
by entering
and following
in the footsteps
of his role model. And that is
The third lesson that we learn is also
another lesson from the traits of the Prophet
Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. And that is a lesson
in
pardoning and forgiving.
And so
the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, we mentioned
that he pardoned and forgave
his enemies who had caused
him so much trouble,
him and his companions
for years.
And so he let all of them off
while having the upper hand
and having the ability to take revenge.
He did what his brother did.
Yusuf
100 years 100 of years earlier,
when he pardoned
and he forgave his brothers.
When?
When he had the upper hand,
and he became
the minister
in Egypt.
He had the upper hand,
And his brothers came.
And they were subjugated. They were humiliated.
He could have taken revenge
but he didn't.
Instead he forgave them. And that's why in
one narration,
on the day of Fatimaqa,
the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, when he pardoned
the people, what did he say to them?
He used the words of Yusuf alaihi wasalam.
He said,
There is no
admonition, there is no blame upon you on
this day.
May Allah forgive you.
And so this is another
trait that Rasulullah
Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam displayed,
not only on this day but throughout his
life.
A quality
that we are in dire need of.
Some of us today,
we hold grudges in our hearts
against those who do us wrong,
and we can never let it go.
And so the Prophet salallahu alaihi wa sallam,
he would never hold such feelings in his
heart.
Why? Because he knew
that this is from shaitan.
And this is a quality not pleasing to
Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala.
And so he would pardon and he would
forgive.
And so that's what he did
on the day of the conquest of Mecca.
After having the upper hand,
after having the ability to take revenge.
But instead,
he pardoned
all of them. The final lesson that we
learned
is
that there is no tolerance
on the fundamentals of Islam.
We see how the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam
on the day of
the conquest of Mecca,
he showed a lot of tolerance
to his enemies
who had fought him for years.
He pardoned them, he let them go.
But we also see how he did not
show tolerance
to something that touched on the very fundamentals
and the foundations of Islam.
And that is
shirk
and idol worship.
And so one of the first things that
he did when he entered Mecca, as we
mentioned,
was that he smashed all of the idols
that were in and around the camp,
360 idols.
He didn't say, well,
let's just leave these idols
and let the people practice their religion
and let us all live,
coexist peacefully. He
didn't say
we should respect these people
and their customs and their traditions.
You know, we should respect their gods.
This is something sensitive. It could hurt their
feelings,
right?
And so by destroying all of their idols,
the Prophet
was
sending
a clear message to everyone
that Islam
must prevail
over all other religions,
over all other ideologies.
And it can never mix
and be
equal
to all other religions. No. Islam is above.
As Allah Subharonahu Wa Ta'ala
says,
He is the one who sent His Messenger
with the truth and the right guidance
to make him manifest, to make him prevail,
to make this deen prevail over all other
religions.
And so if you leave other religions
and you don't allow Islam to prevail,
then
truth is gonna become confused with falsehood.
Right?
And some people they use the ayah in
Suratul Kafirun
where Allah says,
To you is your religion
and to me is mine.
They use this to say that, Oh, look
at how Islam
teaches.
It promotes peaceful coexistence
and harmony between religions. And we should not
say
that Islam
is superior
or dominant over all other religions.
Instead, we should find a way to get
rid of our differences and, you know, bring
all of these religions together.
Now this is what people are promoting nowadays
And unfortunately,
Muslims are doing this
whether individuals or states.
But what these people miss
is
that this ayah from Surat Al Kafirun and
the entire surah,
where was it revealed?
It was revealed in Mecca
before the hijrah.
Then the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam
migrates to Madinah.
Then after years, he returns to Mecca.
And what does he do on the 1st
day? He destroys
all of the idols
on the day that he conquers Mecca.
That is sufficient proof
that the meaning of this ayah is
that after we have told you
that this is the truth,
and all other religions are false,
then it's up to you
to either follow Islam or
to stay upon your religion. But we are
not gonna allow you
to openly
promote your idols and your idol worship.
No. There's never gonna be
2 religions that are going to remain equal.
One religion has to be dominant over the
other, and that is Islam.
And so whenever Muslims go
to conquer any land, this is one of
the first things that they should do,
to destroy
the idols of these people.
And obviously, there are rules in Islam
concerning
the difference between the kuffar. And so there
is a difference between Ahlul Kitab
and the Mushrikoon.
And so Ahlul Kitab, the Jews and the
Christians who have scripture,
they are dealt with in a different way
if the Muslims come and invade their land.
As opposed to the mushrikoon,
the idol worshipers and those who worship other
gods,
they are to be killed unless they accept
Islam.
As for Uhlul Kitab, then they are given
the choice
to remain upon their religion if they pay
the jizya.
But that's a a different,
topic and discussion,
altogether.
The point here is that when it comes
to the fundamentals of our deen, the foundation,
and shirk, there's no tolerance.
There's no tolerance.
There's no room for compromise.
And this is what we learn from what
the Prophet
did on the day that he entered Mecca.
And with that, we come to the end
of this session.