Iqbal Gora – The Historical Timeline of alQuds The Era of Prophets
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AI: Transcript ©
Again for everyone for coming for this important
event.
Inshallah, the program of the event will be
as follows. We'll start off with the historical
discussion
of Baytul Maqdis, the Ambi'a alai Musalat wa
Salam that,
lived in that particular area
and, propagated the true deen of Allah Subhanahu
Wa Ta'ala in that particular area.
Once we have covered this, the next speaker
will go on to discussing
the, events,
relating to Al Quds in a lifetime and
following a lifetime of the prophet sallallahu alaihi
wasallam when, the Muslimin,
first entered Baytul Maqdis and the events, that
followed thereafter.
After this, we'll discuss, the timeline
pertaining to Salahuddin al Ayyubi. It's a very
interesting time in which for 88 years the
Crusaders
essentially took hold
of Baytul Maqdis and how it was returned
back to the Muslimen. And then thereafter, we'll
talk about the modern era,
perhaps 1948
onwards,
for us to have some idea or semblance
of, what actually took place
in, that particular,
land. Insha'Allah, so this is the general format
of today,
and we'll start off by discussing, as we
have mentioned,
al Arud al Muqaddesa as Allah Subhanahu Wa
Ta'ala, he mentions,
in,
in Al Quran al Kareem.
So,
the first point that we need to go
way back, and this is a very important
question
in relation to who was or who were
the first people
in that particular land of
Jerusalem.
In that particular land, who are the first
people? Why is this an important question? It's
because a lot of people would make claim
to that land although I don't think this
is a very good argument to begin with
because if that was the case, we'd have
to all forfeit our lands and our houses
to the Native Americans.
So things change over time, but nonetheless, it's
still an important question
because when a lot of the people, especially
in the West Bank,
where they are annexing the land, in violation
of international law, Basically a person who's of
Jewish ancestry or claiming to be of Jewish
ancestry
would claim that they have a right to
the land under the law of the right
of return,
which is an apartheid law and they would
usurp the lands and the houses
of the Palestinians who live there. So the
important question is who were the first people
or peoples that lived in that particular
land? Now there were some nomadic tribes which
existed prior to this point, but we won't
start at that point because for the purposes
of this discussion,
it isn't too relevant. But there were some
tribes which existed in that region. When we
go back around 3,500
BC,
when you go back to around 300,
or 3,500
BC,
this is essentially
where we get the first people
documented in that region, and they are known
as the Canaanites.
They are called the Canaanites.
And now when it comes to the Canaanites,
what's important to note about them is what
type of people were they.
And the understanding is that
they were Semitic people. Now the question then
becomes, what is a Semitic person?
Because a person, especially in today's time, we
often hear this term about
certain individuals
labeling
others as antisemitic.
So therefore, the question needs to be answered,
what is a Semite or what is a
Semitic
person?
And for this, we need to go way
back
to Nuh
because Nuh
as we know he made a dua,
to have no,
disbelieving
inhabitant left on the earth. Nuh alayhis salaam,
he had a son,
and in, the anglicized name or from the
name from the let's say Hebrew perspective is
Sham. In Arabic his name is Sam, and
that's where we get
the name Semite.
So the people of,
Canaan,
the Canaanites
were descendants
of Sam. They were basically descendants of Nuh
alayhis salam. So this is very important for
the purposes of
this discussion.
Now when we go a little bit further
then we need to ask, okay, what happened
next? What was the sequence of scholars or
not scholars again, but prophets which
followed?
And to this point we go to none
other than
our father
Ibrahim
alayhis salam. Ibrahim alayhis salam as we know
he had 2 sons,
and his 2 sons were Ismail and
Ishaq as we know.
Every Muslim knows this in fact even people
of other traditions would know that these are
the 2 sons of Ibrahim.
And now when we go into the story
of Ibrahim and how he ended up in
Bayt Al Maqdis,
first off before discussing this,
what was the first house established for worship
for Allah
wa ta'ala? And who established it?
Was it Al Aqsa or was it Al
Ka'aba?
And what is the proof of that?
The Quran itself.
So Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala makes it explicitly
clear that the first house which was built
for Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala's, reverence or his
remembrance
was Al Kaaba. In another narration
that's mentioned by,
Abu Da Radiallahu an, He actually asks the
prophet
that what was the first house established? And
the prophet
responds by saying, masjul haram. This is the
haram, which is where the Kaaba is contained.
And,
Abu Dhar actually goes further, and then he
goes on to ask the prophet sallallahu alaihi
wa sallam what came next? And the prophet
sallallahu alaihi wa sallam he says, Baytul Maqdis.
And thereafter he asks another question when he
says,
What was the time frame between the first
masjid established
and the 2nd Masjid established? And the Prophet
Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam responds by saying, Aruba'oona
aaman He says, 40 years. Which tells us
that the first house established was
the Kaaba.
And 40 years later,
then Baytul Maqdis was established. Now on this
point, there's some discussion. The majority of the,
scholars, they say that the first
one to raise the foundations of the Ka'aba
was Ibrahim alayhi salam. This is a predominant
opinion because Allah says in the Quran,
The first one,
to raise the foundation of the Kaaba was,
Ibrahim and Isma'il. But there's some discussion, some
scholars they say was Adam alaihis salam. Nonetheless
the predominant opinion is that it was
Ibrahim.
So when Ibrahim
built the Kaaba
with Isma'il,
where was his other son
Isha?
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala first of all where
was Ibrahim alaihis salam from?
He was from modern day Iraq so in
that particular region that's where he was and
Allah swata'ala actually instructed him to go to
the land of the Canaanites.
So he goes there and Allah swata'ala in
the same way that instructed as we know
Ibrahim
to leave who? Ismail in Mecca,
he asked that Ibrahim
also leave Ishaq in
Beit al Muqdis. So we see from this
really starts the,
2 Semitic people, the Arab and the, Jewish
or Hebrew
people.
And, in relation to,
Ismail alaihi salam, he marries into Jurhum,
and these are known as the Adnan Arab.
And these essentially this is essentially the,
the lineage of the prophet sallallahu
alaihi wasallam. These are the Adnan I Arab.
So these,
Arab, this particular group of them, there's another
group called the, but this group is essentially
the lineage of
of the prophet
going all the way back to Ishmael. Now
when we go and we flip the page
and we go to the other side
of Ishaq.
Who is the son of Ishaq?
Yaqub alaihis salam. And who is the son
of Yaqub alaihis salam? Yusuf alaihis salam. And
in fact, in a hadith,
the prophet sallallahu alaihi salam, he tells us,
he says, al kareem, ibn al kareem, ibn
al kareem, ibn al kareem, ibn al kareem,
and then he mentions who this is. The
honorable son of the honorable son of the
honorable son of the honorable son of the
honorable. And the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam, he
goes on to say that who is this?
Yusuf ibnu Youaqub ibnu Ishaq ibnu
So this is, the
essentially backdrop which is important
for the land of
Of who?
Of, Palestine. Okay. So now going into this
area, what happens?
Ibrahim alaihi salam, he has Ishaq, and they're
now both living in this region called Kenan.
And then he has thereafter Yaqub alaihis salam.
And now we know in the famous story,
which is mentioned in the Quran,
the the Surah's title after it. What is
it? Surah Yusuf. And Surah Yusuf, Allah
discusses
that Yusuf alaihi salam we all know the
story, but at the very end of the
story what happens to Yusuf alaihi salam?
He becomes the king of where?
Egypt. Of Egypt. He becomes the king of
Egypt. But Ya'qub alaihis salaam and the brothers,
the 11 brothers, they were actually in fact
living in
Kenan, which is the old name for what
we now refer to as Palestine. So they
were in that area, and then what happens
is that
Yaqub alaihis salam becomes the king of, or
rather Yusuf alaihis salam becomes the king of
Egypt. And this is essentially where the line
of Bani Israel
starts. Because who is Israel?
Who is Israel?
It's Yaqub. So Bani Israel
is the
sons
of Yaqub alayhis salam. So this refers to
basically all of the 12 brothers would also
be included
in this category.
So this is basically again how Bani Iswa'il
started and they ended up in Egypt. So
now while they while they are, in Egypt
in this particular
time frame, you could say that this was
around,
in the time of,
Ibrahim alaihi salam was around 2000 BC.
So 2000 years before,
Alisa
came. So now they are in Egypt,
and Bani Israel rules for a number of
years.
And there is, some wars which take place
in other civilizations
thereafter take rulership and things like that, but
the leader of Egypt,
whoever the leader was was called.
The same way whoever the leader of,
Abyssinia
was was called a.
And the same way the leader of certain
other areas will call and and these sorts
of names, these are titles. So the name
is not actually his name. Is actually a
title.
So Bani Israel was ruling in that area,
and then something happened in which other,
people took charge of the leadership.
And then Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, now we
see in the Quran, the story begins of
Musa alaihi salam and Bani Israel. Some of
the historians they mentioned, and this is relevant
when we get into the tafsir of Surah
Al Isra, which we'll get to inshallah very
shortly as well.
That Bani Israel, they ruled for a number
of years,
couple centuries.
And after a while, they started to become
tyrannical in their rulership. This is very important,
especially as we connect it to today's time.
They became tyrannical in their rulership. They started
to charge
interest because according to the religion, if you
are a Jew to a Jew, then you
can't charge interest. But they can charge people
outside of their faith tradition. So that's a
type of oppression.
They started to murder. They started to involve
themselves in other sins.
And according to some,
of the, they mentioned
that because of the sin Allah
sent upon Bani Israel.
So they were people with power
and then Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala because they
had that power and they abused it and
became oppressors, Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala sent upon
them
So now this is
important. Now when it comes to
Firaun alayhis salam, but Firaun,
as we know in the Quran,
then
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala he gives Bani Israel
another chance, and the Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala
gives Bani Israel another chance through
Musa alaihi salam. We all know the story,
the famous one in which, it's mentioned had
a dream and the dream contained fire. He
went to a dream interpreter, and this was
a symbol that someone is going to come
and basically,
your kingdom is going to be,
dissolved on account of him. So he decided
to, as Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says in
So we know this, story in which it's
mentioned
that,
he would kill the male children.
And, eventually, the people, they said that we
need children to work because we can't be
killing off all of the male children. So
this decided 1 year will allow them to
live and that 1 year will kill them.
So Harun, the brother of Musa was born
in 1 year, and in the year in
which, the the babies were to be killed,
Musa Alai Salam was born, and we all
know the story. Beyond that, this is a
famous well known incident. But the point being
for this for the relevance of here is
that eventually Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala makes it
such
that Musa alaihi salam
leads Bani Israel, who are the children of
Yaqub
out of Egypt
back into
the promised land or the original land of
their forefather
Yaqub alayhis salam. So we all know the
story
with, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says that
basically the Bani Israel are at the Red
Sea and they say, inna al Mudrakun, it's
over for us. And Musa alaihi salami says
and the ocean or the Red Sea is
split and now they move out of Egypt
into
where?
Palestine. No, not yet.
So if you look at the map, when
you have Egypt,
they would they actually moved into the Sinai
desert. They moved into the Sinai desert, and
actually this is mentioned in the Quran. So
this is the same area in which they're
trying to push the people of Gaza into.
So they move into the Sinai,
desert. And now when they're there,
at this point, Allah actually mentions, in the
Quran
that he tells them,
Oh people, Musa alaihi wasalam is telling his
people move to the
the blessed lands that Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala
has written for you.
And the people they refuse by saying,
So they say that we don't want to
go into the blessed lands because in there
are,
people with a lot of strength, people that
are,
people that are powerful.
And the,
mentioned that these are the
the Amalekites.
And by the way, if anybody heard that
statement from Netanyahu, the terrorist, and he compared
the Palestinians to Amalek,
this is the exact same Amalekites
that's being referred to here. So those people
they lived in that area and Bani Israel,
they refused to go in.
Then Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala goes on to
say
So this Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is saying
that there were 2 people from them.
This
is one of them. So now we have
another prophet.
So this is
or called also in English Joshua. So you
heard the name Joshua? This is who Allah
subhanahu wa ta'ala is referring to here. And
Joshua he's not mentioned or Yusha he's not
mentioned in the Quran
but he is mentioned in the hadith.
And he specifically mentioned in the hadith of
Khidr. And he's mentioned in that hadith as
being the associate of Musa, you say his
helper. And he became a prophet after Musa
alaihis salam passed away. So he was telling
the people to go in.
And then, the people thereafter they reply.
And again, this is mentioned in the first
few pages, your first few ayat.
Allah says that the people they say
So they tell Musa alaihi salaam that we're
never gonna go in there, we're scared.
And then they say that you Musa alaihi
salaam go with your Lord and fight them.
We're gonna sit here and just stay here.
We're gonna remain here sitting. And now this
tells us something else as well is that
we as we see later on in the
story,
the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam mentions actually
to the Muslim.
He
says, The The prophet told us this. He
says that if people are to leave jihad,
fighting when it's ordained for you by Allah
Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala
and they leave it, then Allah
he will disgrace you until you return back
to your religion. So here we see as
well that Allah is instructing them to fight
the Amalik
and they refused.
And Allah
after this, he tells them something else and
this is the eventual end of Musa alaihis
salam's
life. Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says here,
So here Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is saying
that after this point
the blessed lands became you could say haram
for them
and Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is saying,
Now they are wandering is wandering aimlessly
in the Sinai desert for
40 years.
And Allah
story of Yusha bin Noon. So when Musa
alaihi salam, the story of Yusha
bin Noon. So when Musa alayhi salam passes
away, Yusha
becomes the next prophet of Bani Israel.
And then Bani
Israel, they agree at this point and they
go in
and they fight with,
the Amalik
and they enter
into Jerusalem. So this is basically the beginning
of them now reentering into
the holy lands. So now they are there
and then also Allah mentions in the Quran.
He says,
the people they say
the story of Dawood alaihis salam and
Jalood.
So, we have here also
In, in in the,
old and new testament, he's referred to as
Saul.
So Saul is a person who's basically,
the one who's fighting the army of Jalut.
And Jalut is from again these giant people
called the Amalik or the Amalatites.
So here we have the battle, the famous
one between Dawud alaihis salam and
Jalut. And this also takes place after Usha
also fought them. When this happens
at this point, then Dawud alaihis salam he
becomes the first prophet and king at the
same time.
He's the first one who's both a prophet
and a
king. And then,
his son is who?
Sulaiman alayhis salam. And then Soleiman alaihis salam
becomes the next king and prophet of Bani
Israel.
And at this point they construct the first
temple. They construct the first temple. And now
they rule for around 400 years.
And at the end of this 400 years,
again we see they were oppressed by Firaun
now.
Right? And now Bani Israel, they're saved and
they get power.
Now when they get power
then they are good for a while and
they become corrupt over time. And in fact,
even in the Talmud itself,
there's a spiritual
reason or a you could say,
spiritual justification that even they believe in. That
the the reason why they believe the second
the first temple was destroyed because it was
destroyed, now we're going to Surat Al Isra.
The first temple was destroyed
and they mentioned actually the in the Talmud
why this happened is because they became corrupt
and they became murderous and they became oppressive.
So, Allah mentions in the Quran. This is
the first time where Bani Israel truly had
a lot of power.
And Allah mentions in the Quran,
in the beautiful
that our brother,
sorry. What was your name again?
Or soon to be Hafid? Hafid.
Hafid. He recited for us. Allah mentions
in these verses.
We have decreed for Bani Israel
that they will cause corruption in the
When the first promise comes,
We will send upon them one of our
servants. And here,
Abd does not refer to a Muslim but
rather a tyrannical person in the Mufassiroun.
They say that this man was a person
by the name of Buhta Nasr. His name
was Buhta Nasr, and he came around 600
years before, Alisa alaihis salam. Allah says,
He had a lot of power.
And he went into the inner most parts
of their homes and destroyed everything.
And now what's interesting is Allah Subhanahu Wa
Ta'ala says in relation to the first promise.
This is done and over with.
Thereafter Allah says,
what's the next ayah?
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala then he gave them
another chance
as he did previously.
He gave them money
and children.
And he gave them a lot of power
and they were lot in number. Now Allah
Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is seeing what they're going
to do with this. So this is again
in Surat Al Isra.
Now, when we go into the sequence, again
just to cut it short because we're running
out of time here.
Basically, what happens is that there's also they
reconstruct the temple
because
there are some people.
Basically, is Babylonian,
and some Persian,
now the Persians now fight the Babylonians after
they're only there for a short time. And
the the Persians allow the people of Bani
Israel to rebuild. So they allow it to
rebuild the temple a little bit, and they
get some power but it's not at the
level they once had. They get some power
but it's not at the same level that
they once had. Then in the year 70
AD, this after Isa alaihi salam,
then they are all basically kicked out of
or Jerusalem. They are kicked out and exiled.
Many of them, they find themselves when they're
looking at the scripture and seeing where the
next prophet would be.
Many of them like, find themselves in Madinah
Al Munawara. So some of them, they went
there. Others, they went to Russia. Others, when
they went to Europe and all over, They
were scattered when they were exiled in that
second instance. So this is again skipping a
few years until after alisa alaihis salam. What's
interesting, however,
is that the
they used to consider and this is a
classical interpretation.
That the second promise because Allah subhanahu wa
ta'ala says they will get power twice
and it will be extremely arrogant.
The first time they had a lot of
power, Sulaiman alaihis salam. The second time they
had some power but not a lot. This
was when they were under the Persians. They
never got regained that same level.
But what's very interesting is now in current
day, they have more power than they ever
did. And that's why many, many, many of
the,
Mufassirun
of the modern day. Sheikh Hadadu being one
of them.
If people who know who he is and
there's many others as well. They say that
the second promise
is in today's current time
when they were given a lot of power
and Allah is saying they will become corrupt
in this instance. Now we see again, now
when we're fast forwarding to today's time and
we'll conclude with
this. What is what happened with them? They
were people that in world war 2, what
happened to them? Ben Israel.
They were
oppressed by Hitler
and he sought to exterminate them. They were
an oppressed people as they once were under
fira'un.
And now Allah is giving them another chance
and that's why he says,
If you do good it's for yourself.
And if you bad, do bad then again
that's against you as well.
When the second promise comes.
Your faces will frown, your faces will scowl,
your faces will sour.
And they, the people here is not mentioned,
but you can understand what it is from
the next part. And they will enter, and
again, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is talking in
the future tense.
Just as they did in the first instance,
another people will remove them from power.
And these people had once entered Jerusalem before.
Now, you can make a guess who this
people will be.
Everything they built up will then be destroyed.
And many of the modern,
Mufassirun,
they say this is referring to the Muslimin,
that they will enter it as they once
did under the command of Arman al Khattab
Radiallahu an. So this in a nutshell again
there's a lot of details to this that
we had to brush over. But again not
to make it too long is essentially the
story of Bani Israel before the time of
the prophet
starting from you could say, Nuh alaihis salam,
his son Sam, and then thereafter Ibrahim alaihis
salam was a descendant of him and then
Ibrahim alaihis salam's children they split as we
have mentioned. And then going into Israel who
was Yaqub alaihis salam and then Musa alaihis
salam. We sort of skipped over again. We
don't have time to cover this in detail.
The story of Aisha alaihis salam, which is
also interesting because he also follows in this
line.
And this is
essentially, you could say,
the honored line land, the land of Al
Mahshar, the land of Al Mansur, the land
in which every the the people will be
gathered as some a hadith mentioned.
On Yomul Qiyamah, this is where everything will
happen in this particular area.
This is essentially a nutshell of of this
blessed land.
The
the the the furthest mosque
that is blessed and everything around it is
blessed as well, including the place of Gaza
as many other hadith mentioned. I will stop
here
and will continue,
with our next speaker discussing,
as we go further along in the timeline
of.
May Allah,
again, make this beneficial for all of us.
And, we hope that this was useful in
having
some semblance or idea
of why this land is honored, the land
of the prophets.