Abu Taymiyyah – Fiqh Of Fasting Part 8 Different Voluntary Fasts Hanbali
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So the poet,
May Allah preserve him and also have mercy
upon him. He moves on now to the
next section speaking about the different types of
voluntary
fast that a person may observe
outside the month of Ramadan. So it says,
So the first type that he begins to
speak about is
this. Okay?
The first 9 days of
Dhul Hijjah,
which are the best days
of the dunya.
Because the Messenger
he said about the first 10
days of Dhul Hijjah.
First I said, 9, now I said 10.
I'll explain exactly why.
Messenger Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam said,
There is no days
that is better than these 10 days in
which a person does righteous actions.
So many asked,
even if it is Jihad You Rasoolullah?
So meaning going out and performing Jihad
in comparison to these tendencies, even in jahad,
except in one case, when one goes out
and he comes back with nothing, meaning he
dies as a Ma'a.
He dies as a Marta.
Marta.
Marta. Marta.
Point of the matter is,
the actions that are done in these 10
are the best type of actions
that one can do in any other
day, and they are the best 10 days
of the dunya. We hear about the 10
nights, right?
Of Ramadan.
They are the best 10 nights.
But the best 10 days are what?
The first 10 days of Dul Hijjah.
Where do we get this from?
When you look closely
at the wording of the hadith, ma'amin ayam.
You learn in the Arabic language,
okay? That even indefinite
comes in a negative context, then it indicates
generality.
And this is exactly when you look at
the hadith, what you find. He says, ma,
which is what?
A letter
that causes now this has to have a
negative context.
And then a yam is an indefinite.
It's not a definite, it's an indefinite.
So when they come together, it indicates generality.
It's like saying, there is no
days.
Days is what? What you call guys call
in English?
Indefinite, right?
When it hasn't now been made more specific.
So, ma'am, when the messenger he
said,
is what?
It's a negation.
It's a negation, right?
What is a thing? It's an indefinite.
Meaning, you can't commit shirk with Allah Subhan
in anything. Whether it's a stone, whether it's
a human being, whether it is a God,
anything.
Anyways, from the things that also
negation.
It's an indefinite.
Meaning no
one has to be no one has the
right to be worship in truth except
Allah
Anything, anything. Because he Allah is what?
He's indefinite.
So
So these actions that a person
It
is not equal.
The good action that a person does outside
these 10 days, is not the same as
doing in
these first
10 days of Dhul Hijjah.
Why did I say 9 and then I
said 10?
Why he takes a break on the 10th
day?
Because the 10th day is what? It's Eid
al Adha.
Guys?
So
is there a specific hadith
that says
you can go and fast. Oh, you know
fasting
is the greatest of actions that you can
do? The answer is no. But we know
when you look at all the good deeds
that a person might perform, fasting is And
here the messrah said,
He said, righteous actions. So the Hanawi said,
it's highly recommended a person fast on these
days.
Even though there is a specific evidence that
states
you fast on these what?
9 days.
Then the poet goes on to say,
As for the 9th day, it is only
recommended for somebody who is not performing hajj.
If one is in the state of ihram,
and he is in Arafa,
he is not allowed to fast.
It's only for non *.
Where do we get this from? You have
the hadith of
Prophet Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad
Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad
Muhammad 1 to fast on the day of
Arafah when he's in Arafah.
When you go out on Hajj, okay? We
know that the day of Arafah is a
big day.
We know that the day of Arafah is
the big day. It is a pillar from
the 4 pillars of Hajj. If you miss
the day of Arafah,
you can wave goodbye to your Hajj.
The messenger said,
The Hajj is Arafah. Another hadi in the
Masalaiyah said,
Whoever
And then also stood in a row for
whether he was in the day or the
night.
This person has completed his Hajj.
Okay?
This person has completed
his Hajj. And even Umar
he was asked about
while being in Arafah.
He said,
Look at how they gave a tower,
and what they always brought it back to.
Whenever you're asked about the question, the first
thing that should pop to your mind is
what? Did the Messenger Sallallahu Alaihi wa sallam
do so?
This is teaching us a minhaj now, he's
teaching us an ideology,
a methodology in how we worship
Allah
I
also done Hajj with Abu Bakr, he says,
and he also didn't fast.
Also with Umar and he didn't fast.
And also with Uthman,
so I am not going to fast as
well.
Guys, pay attention to this point. It's very
very important
on how you go about worshiping Allah, how
you give dawah to Allah
because there's a lot of innovation about.
The first thing we should always be asking
ourselves,
when I want to do a righteous virtuous
action,
did the Messenger Surah
just like Ibn Umar did.
This is a companion. When we say we
follow the Quran and the Sunnah upon whose
understanding?
Companions.
Let's now follow how the companions went about
whenever an issue arise.
So it will become very very clear to
you, whenever issue is brought up, can I
do it? Can I not do it? Can
I do it? Can I not do it?
Let's ask now. Prophet
The name of Umar, not only did he
stop that, he also, okay, let's see how
the other major senior companions
dealt with the issue.
And because they didn't, I'm not gonna do
it at all.
And
the Hikma behind it is, the reason why
a person doesn't fast when being in Arafah,
on the day of Arafah, but for a
non Hajj is fine, because my brothers and
my sisters,
this is when Allah
he comes down,
as it came in the hadith.
And Allah
he boasts to the malaika.
He says,
What did they come for?
They only came for me.
When everybody
whether rich
or whether this individual is poor,
Nothing differentiates them.
They are all in 2 pieces of garment.
Asking Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala with humility
to forgive their sins.
So a person in this scenario that he's
in,
what is highly advisable for him is to
break down to Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala. And
use all his energy in making dua.
Showing his humility to Allah This is why
in Kitab Al Hajj, the poet he says,
Should be somebody who's excessive in making dua.
Because the messenger of Allah said,
The best dua is the dua of the
Day of Arafah. Meaning your dua is going
to get accepted.
And the best thing that I
and the prophets before me have ever said
is,
So a person, he either makes dua, use
all his energy for that,
and ask Salah for whatever he wants. And
also what?
And it's the best du'a that one can
make.
And also what we can take from the
hadith is
importance of Tawhid and that the Da'wah should
be built upon Tawhid and it's the best
thing that a person can go to.
And then he goes on to say,
Also,
from the best types of fast that one
can observe.
If he wanted to fast a whole month,
after the month of Ramadan,
is
The month of Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala code,
Al Muharram.
The messenger salayism quoted, shahrullah.
The month of Allah is wajal.
And this is due to the hadiabihureya radiAllahu
ta'ala,
The best fast that one can observe after
the month of Ramadan,
in its totality is
the Shahar, the month of Muharram,
the month of Allah
So we have in the week, where 2
days
person can what? It's highly recommended for him
to
fast.
And we also have from the 12 months,
2 months where it's highly highly recommended for
a person to completely
fast on every single day.
They say what the Hanabi they mention in
the books.
What about the month of Shaaban?
Even though they didn't mention it, we're going
to mention it. Why? Because the messenger used
to do that.
As Aisha radiAllahu ta'ala, she said, The
messenger used to fast so much, you would
think the mess hall never breaks his fast.
And there would be times where he would
always break his fast
and he wouldn't fast.
She said, I never saw the Messenger sallallahu
alaihi wa sallamah, istakmalasiyamasharilkatilahramalaman. She said, I never
saw the Messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallamah, based
on what she witnessed.
Completed any month other than the month of
Ramadan.
In Sha'ban. And I never saw him fast
in a month, more than anything,
other than the month of Sha'ban.
Other than the month of Sha'ban.
And I explained before as well, with the
month of Shaaban and
in the first lesson that we took.
When a person can fast, when a person
can't fast. Because the mrsula raihi wa sallam
said 2 days before the month of Ramadan,
you can't fast, right?
A day or 2 before the month of
Ramadan, you're not allowed to fast if you
weren't fasting before.
If you didn't have a habitual fasting, like
for example, one used to fast Mondays Thursdays,
and then it happened to fall on
a day or 2 before the month of
Ramadan, in that case you can fast.
But if you just wanted: Oh, let me
just fast one day or 2 days before
the month up. Say no.
But generally speaking, if he started fasting at
the month of Shaaban in the beginning, he's
allowed to carry on fasting.
He is allowed
to carry on fasting
the majority of Sha'ban. And some scholars they
mentioned if he reaches the midpoint
and he didn't fast the beginning of Sha'ban
it is makruid, it is disliked because of
another halide and tasaf of Sha'ban. Anyways, I
mentioned this before.
So
you can fast in the month of
Muharram, right?
If one doesn't fast,
okay?
What is highly recommended for the individual is
to
fast the 10th of Muharram, which is Yom
'Ashura,
the day of Ashura.
The
day
of He also says
that you can accompany that with or you
can follow that up with sorry, I'm not
following up because 9th is before 10th. Okay.
You fast also a day before 10th.
And I'll explain why. The reason why it
is Mustahab to fast on the 10th day.
The messenger sallallahu alaihi was saying in hadith
of Abi Khattalat al Ansari.
He was asked
He said, Yukefir al Sanat al Mahdiya.
It expiates all the sins from the year
before.
That's on the 10th day
of Muharram.
The reason why they say also the 9th
day of Muharram,
so also highly recommended,
because the Messenger he said,
If I live for another year, I'm also
going to fast on the 9th day of
Haram,
one day before the day of Ashura.
And the reason why the Messenger
wanted to do that was,
he said, one time he commanded,
Be different from the
from the Jews. Fast the day before, fast
a day
after.
Because when the messenger initially
came to Al Madinah,
he found the Jews, they were fasting on
the day of Ashura.
So he asked them,
They said,
This is the day when Allah
saved Musa
from Firaun, and he drowned him.
So Musa
used to fast on this day,
out of thanks to Allah
for saving him from the firaoun.
While the messenger
turned around and
said, We have more of a right with
regards to Musa than you guys.
And he commanded everybody to go and fast.
Initially, when the messenger
made, he drew to Al Medina, fasting the
day of Ashur was wajib, was mandatory.
In the 2nd year.
But then later on, it was uplifted,
it was no longer mandatory, and the month
of Ramadan
was
enforced,
imposed upon the Muslims.
Then the poet, he goes on to say,
I am a billin, sit the shawwal in
fasum. Also, what is highly recommended that a
person does is the white days.
The 3 days of every single month, except
1 month.
And I'll explain why.
Fasting 13th,
14th
and also
15th. Right?
Due to the hadith
of the Messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam hadithabihurayrah,
he said
My very good friend
that was very very beloved to me.
Okay? The kind of love that Abu Huraybe
had for the messenger wasalam
or something else.
Something that I wouldn't leave off until I
pass away.
And he said to him, so madhalaatayam,
Misra's advised to
fast 3 days of every single month.
To fast
3 days of every single month.
Earlier I mentioned what 13th, 14th, 15th, right?
But something else I'm gonna mention in a
moment
So he advised him with 3 things, one
of the things that he advised him with,
was the fast 3
days of every single month.
Also, you have the hadith
He said,
Muhammad
commanded us to fast from the month
3 days.
This was narrated by Imamat Timid
The scholars of the Hanabi they mentioned
that
that which is better for a person to
do istafas what?
13th, 14th, 15th.
But for whatever reason,
if one now missed the Methalem,
or he just wanted to fast
every Fridays
Saturdays Sundays because that's when he's off.
And he wanted to choose these 3
because in the middle of the week, he's
working, he finds it really really exhausting.
He can do that.
So you can choose any 3 days of
every month,
that is the lower level, and is less
virtuous than what?
Fasting it exactly on 13th 14th and also
15th.
So we have another issue.
Remember earlier I mentioned, it is highly recommended
that one fast
every 13th
of every month, and also every 14th, and
also every 15th. But I mentioned,
except 1 month.
Why you can't fast on 13th? Who can
tell me?
13th of Dhul Hijjah.
Jamil,
brother Muhammad, he mentioned the 13th of Dhul
Hijjah except 1 month
because
the 13th falls on what?
The 3 days after.
Abdulaiyyim Nuhmar and also Aisha
they both mentioned,
As we're gonna speak about later,
it is
haram for a person to fast on the
days of Eid, right?
So you have and
then you have 3 days that come after
that.
The Messenger
he prohibited one to fast on these days.
In another the Messenger
Messenger
said,
The day of
Also the day of Arafa,
also the 3 days of which are the
3 days after
If
was on 10th, then you have the 11th,
12th, and also
13th.
Messenger
said,
These are days where a person, he eats
and he drinks, and he remembers Allah Subhanahu
wa ta'ala.
Even if one wanted to fast and make
up his days, he's not allowed. And that
fast is going to be invalid.
This individual now, he ended up having sexual
* in the month of Ramadan.
He has to start when?
After the day of 8. You are not
allowed to fast on the days of 8,
and also what? The 3 days that come
after
So you find 13th
falls on what?
The day of tashrik, one of the 3
days. So you can fast any 13,
14, 15 of every single month except
this month. Why? Because it falls on the
days of Tashrik.
And then he goes on to say,
the 6th days of Shawwal.
The 6 days of Shawwal, my brothers and
my sisters, is very very highly recommended that
a person does after the month of Ramadan.
The messenger
said, Whoever fast Ramadan,
then
follows it up with 6 days of Shawwal,
he gets the reward of fasting
the whole year.
He gets the reward of fasting the whole
year. And also let's just stand over the
hadith for a moment. It's a very common
question people tend to ask, some sisters they
ask, my brother, I, you know, I was
at that time of the month where it
was my monthly cycle.
Do I have to now make up before
I do the 6 days of Shawwal?
Naham.
Because the Messenger Alaihi also said, Mansama Ramadan.
Whoever fasted Ramadan,
and the person who broke his fast for
a valid reason, like Methanen maybe traveling, or
maybe she was on a menses, or for
whatever reason he was ill,
he has to complete the days
of Ramadan before he moves on to
the 6 days of Shawwal because the prophet
said, nassama Ramadan.
You haven't finished Ramadan.
Then he said,
sit in a Shawwal. Then after that, he
followed up with 6 days of Shawwal.
Another common question is people they ask, does
it have to be in order? No, it
doesn't have to be in order. It can
be any days of Shawwal.
Because here if you look at the alfiyyah,
what
in Arabic language?
Okay. It, it shows,
a from,
some of it.
From the meanings of what?
Min is tabayif.
Any days of Shawwal from it.
So if it's maybe like one day, Matan
on the 5th day of Shawwal, then he
decides to do it on 10th, on 11th,
then on 15th, it's perfectly fine.
Then he goes on to say,
Also, it's highly recommended that a person, he
fasts Mondays Thursdays. Guys, with regards to the
week
and what a person can fast and why
he can't fast, can maybe split into 4
4 categories.
Days where it is highly recommended for one
to fast, and that is
Mondays Thursdays.
That is Mondays Thursdays.
So that's the first category.
Where do we get this from? The Messenger
He
said,
This was the day
that I was born. And this was the
day that I was sent as a messenger.
Or this was the day when I was
revealed, the revelation came down upon me. It
was on Monday.
So the Messenger Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam,
he encouraged for one to fast. In another
narration, the Messenger Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam he said,
The actions of a Muslim are raised to
Allah
on 2 days,
Mondays and also Thursdays. So the messenger of
Allah radiya wasalam said,
And I love that my actions are raised
to Allah while I'm fasting.
But which one is better? If one had
to choose one out of these 2 days,
which one is better for a person to
fast?
Mondays.
Why? Because we have a specific narration and
we also have a general narration. We have
a narration which encourages both Mondays Thursdays.
Then we have another narration which
the messenger salallahu alayhi wa sallam highly encouraged
fasting on Monday.
So you have days of the week. You
have 7 days, right? Days of the week
where it's highly recommended for a person to
fast.
Then you have a day of the week
in which the messenger salallahu alaihi wa sallam
prohibited for you to single out, and that
is Friday.
You can't single out Friday. The messenger salallahu
alaihi wasallam said, The
messenger
said, Don't single out Friday.
Then you have a day which has been
different on,
and that is Saturday. And we're gonna discuss
that later, inshallah
There is a narration which has been highly
different on,
where the messenger says,
Don't fast on Saturdays except that which has
been
made compulsory upon you. But this is an
issue that has been different and I'm gonna
touch on it later, insha Allahu Ta'ala. Then
you have some days of the week, like
which day? Tuesday
and also Wednesday.
If one wanted to fast, he can fast,
but he doesn't have a special virtue over
the rest of the days.
So these are 4 categories in which we
can,
categorize the days of the week with regards
to fasting.
Now he begins to speak about the which
is disliked
for a person to fast. In the days
of the week and also what?
The days or the months in which it
is disliked.
First point that he mentions is
to single out Friday. And we already discussed
this.
1 should not fast on Jum'ah, on Friday,
except that if he fasted a day before,
or a day after, or he's planning to
fast a day after.
One time the Messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam
entered upon
He entered upon her, and she was fasting
on Jum'ah, she was fasting on Friday.
So we asked her,
did you fast yesterday? She said,
Are you gonna be fasting tomorrow? She said,
No. He told her to break her fast.
So
only one can fast on Friday if he
fast a day before
or he fast a day after.
Or the other case is if he was
observing the fast of Dawud,
where he would fast one day, and he
would break one day. And it happened before
on the day of Jum'ah.
What's that guys?
They what if an individual now,
he says, Ahi look, you know, Friday is
the only day that I'm off the rest
of the week, you know, I've got work,
I get tired.
Friday is the only day I'm off. Is
it not fast?
Said, yes.
Some of the scholars, they say, yes. Why?
Because this person, he's not fasting the Friday
simply because there is a virtue attached to
it.
We know that Friday is 8th of the
week. Some people they might fast because what?
It's a day of celebration, let us fast.
No.
But if it was for a completely different
reason
of him only finding time on this day,
some scholars say it's perfectly fine.
Then also the imali Ibrahim Allahu Ta'ala
who have you the hope because he's still
alive. I always say because
it's a at the end there is a
dua.
Dua that you're making,
actually
from
from the mistakes of the commoners, to think
that you only say rahimullah ta'ala for the
one who's dead.
May Allah have mercy upon him. No,
I want mercy as all. You are mercy.
So if you say, Muhammad, may Allah have
mercy upon you, Allah dead, you know, I'm
still alive.
Then the money for him goes on to
speak
about, Ifradu yom I saptin, singling out
Saturday.
In the Madhav Imam Muhammad
it is makru.
It is makru.
Singling out without fasting a day or
day after. Day before, day after. Due to
the hadith,
And this hadith, my brothers and my sisters,
has a lot of kalam by the scholars.
It's been a
strong difference on this issue.
Many scholars, they believe it to be weak.
They believe it to be weak. Okay?
Like Imam,
Ahmad
Nasser, Imam Malik, wabrutayim,
also Shaykh Minbas, also Imam Al Azai
from the Tabi'im, and many of the scholars.
They seem to be what? Weak. And because
of that, one can fast on Saturday.
In the method it is disliked.
And also there's another narration,
even though again this narration has been different
on.
Wa Uma salam
she said,
used
to fast excessively on Fridays Saturdays, more than
any other day.
So anyone's asked, he
said,
These 2 days are the days
in which the mushrikeen,
the polytheists, they celebrate. And I wanna be
different from them. Surah prophet sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam is saying, but again there's a
talam.
A lot of kalam on this hadith as
well. This is ala kullihal, the method is
that it is makur to single out
your mast.
Baydani also says, rajam.
To single out
the month of rajam. For example now, one
normally doesn't fast in any month, but then
he comes to the month of Raja.
Comes to the month of Raja and he
tries to single it out.
This again in the madab is is Makru.
Where did we take this from? Umar ibn
Khattab
said, I saw Umar ibn Khattab radiAllahu ta'ala
Anu, yaghribu
akufal mutarajibeen.
I saw
Umar ibn Khattab
smack the hands of those who used to
fast in the month of Rajn.
Does he fast in the month of Rajah?
Why he in his hand?
And he says,
And
he says, And the reason why the messenger
salallahu alayhi was, Umulkhadab used to do that
because this was a month
that the people of Jahiliya
used to glorify.
And because of that,
he
used to beat the hands.
And also Ibn Umar Radiama, his own son.
K. Whenever he saw the people, they were,
you know, getting ready to fast
on
in the month of Rajab,
he would say, sumo minho aftiru. Fast and
also break your fast.
How long do we have?
2 minutes.
2
minutes. This is the last point we're gonna
take insha Allah.
Also that which is
is something called al wisal.
And that is to
fast 2 days in a row.
That's one meaning of it. And also to
carry on fasting without breaking it till the
midpoint of the night.
That's also considered to be wisam.
They say in the malhab, the witch's makru
is to pass 2 days in a row
in the month of Ramadan.
And
inshaAllah, maybe in the next lesson we'll carry
this on and speak about in detail.