Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera – Qur’anic Sciences in 30 Days Part 10 The Rational Commentaries
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Bismillah al Rahman al Rahim Al hamdu Lillahi wa Salatu was Salam
ala so you didn't more serene. While he was happy your Baraka was
seldom at the Sleeman Cathedral on a laomi Dean and Mother Earth are
all below him in a shame Tony Raji, Mavis Miller, you rock man,
Rahim. Welcome Yeah, they live in Arizona. I mean, the lone Usher
soulburner be you know be him we're not Oberto Isla Kulu be him
for whom la yes my own. They will kill Khurana also our lake I mean,
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What are cordage tomorrow so to whom bill by unit for America and
only me know we market that will mean called Casa de que alto
Baron, law Whydah Hulu Bill 51 was originally 30 him in the
UK Thora whom nafasi has been
so the cola him.
So we today move on from the from the discussion of yesterday. So we
have started discussion of the various different types of DEF
series that have been written the different types of commentaries.
And the first and foremost of the def series were those which were
based on whatever has been transmitted to us from our
earliest generations from the Prophet salallahu Alaihe Salam
himself and from the Sahaba and why so they form the first
category. Now, I would say they're probably a minority in terms of
Tafseer books. Today we move on to the main category of Tafseer books
that majority of Tafseer books will probably fall into, which is,
broadly speaking called the FCB array, the WCIRB array. Now the
CLB array, which is array means opinion, it means personal
speculation, personal understanding. So I'll give you an
example of this. Allah subhanaw taala says, encircle RR of which
is the seventh Surah of the Quran. Allah subhanho wa Taala says in
verse from around verse 104, it says Wirkkala Musa Farah who in
the Rasulullah, Mirabella the mean and moosari Salam said, Oh,
Pharaoh, I am the messenger from the Lord of the Worlds now what
happened here is after Musar Islam
grows up in the house of Pharaoh, and then after that, that whole
incident takes place and then he that person is killed by him by
mistake. So then he escaped from there and he goes to maybe and he
gets married to Shai Bali salaams daughter, and then after staying
with him, five, seven years and then he comes back on the way
back, he is coming back and he receives he becomes a prophet
right at that time. So now he is then told to go and release the
bunnies right from the pharaohs. He comes back to Pharaoh and he
approaches you and he says Pharaoh, I am the messenger of the
Lord of the worlds
and then he says happy when Allah Allahu Allah Allah Allah Halal hug
Khajiit to me by uniting me Robbie conversing might you have any so
it says, it's completely befitting me that I don't say anything about
Allah subhanaw taala accept the truth. And I have come to you with
clear signs right from your Lord. So now send with me the Bani
Israel. So, this is the demand he makes to Pharaoh. Thereafter, the
inverse 106 It says, Call that you go
to TV, co Tamina saw up now this is Pharaoh saying to him that if
you have brought some signs, then produce them if you are truthful.
Now, there is no discussion here. There is nothing else you know,
what can we gain from this? What else do we understand from this?
Now Pharaoh is we know generally about Pharaoh that he was he had
enslaved the Bani Israel and all the rest of that, you know he was
quite up there in terms of what he had done. And now Musa Hassan
comes and he is saying send Bani Israel with me. Now instead of
just rejecting outright, he seems to entertain him first. And he
says, Okay, bring me the signs then. Right? Bring me the signs.
Now, what's interesting here is that did Pharaoh have knowledge? I
would assume from here that Pharaoh would have some knowledge
of prophets of the past, right? He wouldn't be completely deny all
the profits or whatever, or you'd never have heard their stories.
And that profits would generally bring about a sign. Okay, profits
would generally bring about a miracle as well, because he's
asking him to produce it if he's truthful. He's saying if he's
truthful, so
then after that, when Musa disarm does, as mentioned here is that he
throws down his stuff, and it becomes that big snake. And then
he pulls out his hand and it's very, very white and illuminated
and shining. Right. So now that
People are. So there's a lot of things that you can take from
here. You can say, it doesn't say anywhere. I don't know I've not
come across any real sciences would say that Pharaoh believed in
God or whatever the case is, but you can clearly understand that
from here. Now, am I allowed to say that? Am I allowed to say,
even though it's not written here that Pharaoh had some
understanding about previous prophets? And that's why he went
along with this first and said, Okay, bring your message. He
didn't believe him, obviously. But he said, Okay, bring these signs
up, if you want to see now that's speculation, right? Did he really
know about prophets of the past or not? We will assume he did. So
that is what you call the seat, be ready to try to build the story,
understand something from here, put it in perspective, using more
rational faculties just rational faculties and things like that.
That's what it is. Now, is that allowed or not? Majority of the
taxis today. I mean, have that I mean, that there's, in fact, a lot
of our jurisprudence that is taken from the Quran, if it's not
clearly stated in the Quran is going to be based on this, it's
going to be based on what we call HD heard a juristic endeavor to
try to figure out what this is saying that if Allah subhanaw
taala says x then does he also mean y, and then with that as
well, and there's nothing wrong with that. However, there has been
a group earlier on and I just want to mention that to you just to for
you to understand how these things developed, who were very strict
about this. And they said not only that which the Prophet sallallahu
alayhi wasallam misstated or that we know that it's come from him as
an explanation as a commentary. That's the only thing that we will
accept as a Tafseer. Otherwise you're not allowed to say
anything, you're not allowed to say anything. And they take this
from the apparent the apparent wording of some verses and some
Hadith which I will mention some of them to you. For example is
Allah subhanaw taala says Kulu Allah Allah He may Allah Tala
moon, and that you say Unto Allah, that which you do not know that
did Allah really mean that or not? And you just say it right? So you
have to be very careful. According to this, the apparent meaning of
this verse. They use things like that. I don't want to I don't want
to bore you with so many of the evidences on both sides, but I'll
just mention a few. There's a Hadith from Joondalup Radi Allahu
Anhu it says, The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said
mancala Phil Quran in surah E. Saba fucka Okta. Now while the
hadith is in itself, weak, lots of scholars have used it and they've
entertained a hadith which is that whoever says regarding whoever
states anything regarding the Quran with his opinion with this
person, I mean, that I think it means this, right? And then even
if he was to be right, and even if that was to turn out to be
correct, he's still made a mistake, because he's gone the
wrong way about doing that you do not say anything, essentially
about the Quran without knowing 100% That that is exactly what the
prophet has done has told us what Allah has told us that that's what
he means because it's like you are imputing something on someone
else. So the response to this by the majority, because the majority
agree with a suitable method, or sorry, Tafseer era as such, right,
is that this prohibition here is really just about those people who
have no idea about anything is looking at for the first time and
they just make up stuff. There's no, there's no understanding of
what's going on of the context in which it's being stated and no
understanding of its history, no understanding of the surrounding
detail, is just somebody comes in, I think it means this just a
random conjecture. All right. So
the prohibition that's referred to here by speaking about one's
opinion is the one which dominates a person without kind of having
any backing for it. Right? Because generally, if you're going to look
at something with some backing and form an opinion, based on other
facts, that's fine. But if it's not based on any kind of facts,
and it's just pure whim, you know, just pure conjecture, then that is
what it's speaking about. Right? Which obviously, we would say is
not is not allowed. And unfortunately, a lot of the you
can say deviancy is today, liberal ideas that come about which try to
use the Quran, this is their problem, they've not had much
background, understanding or learning, and they just state
things based on what they feel it should be so they impose onto the
Quran. And that's, that's what this is actually referring to. So
there's a few things. Number one, a person who knows the truth but
still says to others that No, I think it means this for an
ulterior motive that would be included in here. The second is
the person who's ignorant, who doesn't read and says no, I think
it should be this and this is what it refers to. And
number three, this also, it's also blameworthy and it comes under
this prohibition, that if somebody even for a good cause for an
ulterior good mode.
If Miss
interprets the Quran for example, somebody said, There's a verse in
the Quran where Allah subhanaw taala tells Musashi Salaam in herb
Isla Farah Iona in who Taha go to Pharaoh, for he has been
tyrannical, right he's caused a lot of mischief, he's had a lot of
tyranny, go go to Pharaoh so that you can give him that hour and so
on. So there's somebody for good motive but it's still wrong. It's
the wrong what they've said is that Pharaoh here doesn't refer to
Pharaoh Pharaoh, there's actually a deeper meaning that Pharaoh
refers to your your, your lowly soul, your ego, because Pharaoh
represents evil. Pharaoh represents arrogance, Pharaoh
represents greed, and, and so on. So that is actually figuratively
talking about the soul. So what this means here is go and attack
your soul, which means go and exert yourself against yourself so
that you can correct it. Because it has been tyrannical it has led
itself to mischief. Now
striving against the soul and trying to correct oneself and
trying to temper oneself with praiseworthy attributes and remove
the blameworthy, one is a good thing. But you can't use the
Quran, even for a good motive, you know if it's wrong, and if it's
incorrect. So this is what is explained, this is what is meant
by this narration, right. And number four, another thing that
could be included in here is that somebody just knows a bit of
Arabic. And they, they just try to make some ideas up by not even a
proper understanding of the Arabic because Arabic is, you know, just
because you know, a bit of Arabic, just because we know English, and
that's our language that we use so frequently, and everything doesn't
mean that we can pick up pick up a book of legalese, you know, a
lawyer, a book by lawyers and stuff, and we understand
everything will struggle, because there's a lot of terminology and a
lot of
there's a lot of interpretive text and ideas in there. So that's what
this is talking about. Now, the majority said they completely fine
with doing this in a measured educated way, because that's what
the Quran is there for. And there are evidences are quite a few. For
example, Allah subhanho wa Taala says in the Quran, Allah bonell
Call
Kulu been According to her, Do they not ponder the Quran? Do they
not reflect over the Quran? Now? What is reflection? Pondering? If
you're not trying to take out more of engagement and a meaning from
there? Right? If you had to just read it, as it apparently whatever
it states and not say anything more of how it might apply to you,
right? Then why would Allah subhanaw taala be censoring these
people that do they not
ponder the Quran or are there locks upon their heart, then Allah
says, in another place, Kitab Zelner, who in Acre mobile rock
could lead the rue de wedding at that girl.
This is a book that we have revealed to you, which is blessing
so that they can ponder and reflect over the its verses, and
that the people of intellect will then gain a lesson. Now, the way
you will gain a lesson is obviously by pondering,
reflecting, and then applying to your life in a very honest and
sincere manner. Right? So that's what Allah subhanaw taala is
saying, number two,
if it was impermissible to do this, then that means all that the
jurists have in in inferred from the Quran would be incorrect,
because that's all inferences from the Quran, which is obviously
based on opinion, but qualified opinion. And obviously, that
cannot be true. Number three, the Sahaba said so many different
things, the Sahaba did this themselves. And that's why the
Sahaba had differences between them as to what a certain word or
a certain verse in the Quran meant. Now, if it was you had to
only take what was very clearly transmitted, then there would not
have been a disagreement. But now if not bus is I think it means
this Abdullah Masuda the unsaid I think it means this, which clearly
explains that that is allowed, again, in a qualified sense. So I
think the way to conclude this is that really the two groups, they
are not really saying different things. They're both saying the
exact same thing, but one is focusing on one side, the other
one is focusing on the other side. So this is what they call a
semantic difference. No, not really a substantive, substantial
difference or difference of substance. Because what the those
who are prohibiting saying is, look, we don't want people just to
be freely saying whatever they want about the Quran and then just
proving their ideology or trying to establish the idea
He through the Quran, right and what they actually calling towards
his deviancy and it actually goes against so many other verses
maybe, right but because they think that a certain verse means
something that you should be able to take it as that like Pharaoh
taking Pharaoh to mean it's your knifes and it's your Lodi ego as
opposed to something else. So they're saying that and the other
thing, that look, we also disagree with somebody who's doing that.
But at the end of the day, we allow it. So really, it looks like
it's a semantic difference. For example, let me quote to you from
Abdullayev numbers of the alone who's one of the ones who did the
probably, you know, huge amount of pondering over the Quran and did a
lot of Tafseer but this is what he says. This is quoting from you. He
says strategy to an acquirement Yeah, their own accom Yeah, the
ruler, Camila Kitabi. Allah He worked at another zoo who wore a
hoodie him for Alikum below what you're comfortable under, but
yeah, come what the doctor says soon you will come across people
who will invite you to the book of Allah, while they've already
actually thrown the book of Allah behind their backs. So while they
telling you here, we're doing tafsir here, but really, they they
don't have the substance in the Quran, they're going to
misinterpret it or they're just going to make it for them. However
they wanted to whatever they wanted to sound, they're gonna put
words in Allah's mouth, essentially, right? So
it is holdfast it is necessary upon you to bind yourself to
knowledge, make sure you do this based on knowledge. And completely
beware of innovation are trying to innovate something and beware of
exaggerating. So don't take the meaning beyond what it's therefore
don't try to say hey, this is what it means and take it beyond or
don't try to innovate a new meaning. So that's what he said.
Then there is from Oregon hotel Radi Allahu Anhu. Another
statement, he said in namaha, Phu Alikum Raju lane for the Muslim
community, I've got two fears. I fear two things right number one,
Roger danyetta Our Quran Allah lady that really a person who
interprets the Quran,
misinterpret the Quran, essentially, who interpret the
Quran against what it really infer what it really signifies. And then
he talks about the other person who is going to be fighting with
his brother for some ownership of something. So this explains to you
the boundaries of the theory, right? So for example, when you
are reading the Quran, and you're engaging with the story of Musa
Ali Salam and Harun Ali Salam and the Pharaoh, you know, there's a
lot of benefits that you can take from there directly if they just
apparently clear you know, the rest of your surely it doesn't
seem to go against anything else that you understand of the spirit
of the Sharia, then there's nothing wrong with that. But
tomorrow, you get maybe, you know, a non Muslim, or somebody who's
had no understanding of Islam, though they may have been Muslim
from before and they open up the Quran, they just started saying,
Hey, I think it means this shaitan can very easily mislead somebody
like that. Now, having said that, so what are the qualifications you
need to do a proper Tafseer of the Quran? You know, beyond the the
general pondering and reflection which is open to everybody, right?
What is it that you need? What are the qualities you need to be a,
you know, a qualified professor, a qualified commentator? So most of
the scholars, the majority of the scholars, if not all of them that
have now come through, you know, with their famous FCS, which were
some of them we discussed today, right? They would have had the
following subjects and you will actually find discussions on the
subjects, which are all related to the Quran, right in that of C. So
the first subject that people need to know about is the Arabic
language. Well, the Linguistics of the Arabic language, the philology
of it, right, which means, what a word is, where it comes from.
What its root is, what its meaning is and what its various
significations are in the various forms that it comes. Can you give
me the name of someone shifa? So we've got somebody mashallah
listening whose name is Shiva. God bless you. She thought comes from
an Arabic word Scheffer. Right, which from sheen, yeah, which
refers to cure. So Shiva is the cure, and Shiva. So you have to
know the root words, how then if I say Mr. Shiva, right, which comes
from the same route, it means the place where you go to seek Shiva,
which is essentially a clinic or a hospital, for example. Right. So
this, this is how Arabic works. It's really, really interesting.
And you need to know the linguistics and we have many, many
dictionaries that have been written about this from as early
as the first century. In fact, the Hebrew is very, very similar to
Arabic, right? It's a cement semantic language, very, very
similar to Arabic in terms of having roots just like Arabic
does. But they only produced their similar dictionaries to Arabic
after seeing the Arabs do it. So you know, they've been going on
for 1000s You know, for hundreds of years 1000s of years before
the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam but after the first century
when our Muslim scholars
philologist started producing dictionaries with all of these
meanings properly, like proper lexicons. They started doing their
work only afterwards. Okay, number two, the sciences of grammar,
etymology, and morphology and all of these things, which essentially
means grammar, right? Grammar, and also where a word comes from and
how it changes and morphs to something else, and its origin and
how to use the words all of that discussion. Number three are lwml
Bulava, right? Or lwml. Bella means the rhetoric of the
language, the beauty of the language, how to construct words,
sentences, something which is going to be elegant, it's going to
be eloquent, it's going to be something which is
effective, effective speech essentially, right? Because you
can, you can tell a story just like that, and people will get
bored reading it, and you get somebody else to write that same,
give that same message, but they're a lot more eloquent in the
way they do it. They're not so boring. They're not they, they,
their delivery, their effectiveness in delivering that
message is amazing. And that's exactly what the Quran is. And
there's a whole science besides the oil mill by an oil mill,
buddy, there's a whole science behind that all the terms in it
and what to do where to, for example, you've got a subject and
predicate, you know, where in some cases where you put the predicate
predicate in advance, and where you sometimes shift the words
around all of this discussions comes in or lwml Bulava right.
It's an amazing subject. Number four or lwml Clear Elmo Kira apt
to know the various different modes of reading we are going to
Inshallah, in one of the subsequent days, we will be
discussing exactly what it means by the seventh Kira and you know
the ways of reading of the Quran. But a scholar of who is really
doing the field needs to know the Koran that's why when you look at
a lot of the classical diocese, it will discuss the various different
karate, right? For example, what is called a Ibrahim, what is
called an Abraham both of these are allowed to be read
Sirata Latina Anam, daddy, him, Sirat Alladhina Ananda Ali, Ali
hemo Ali, whom all of this can be read, okay. We shall see what to
her her Welcome at Eva tele or what do her What do her What do
here Well, lady, et cetera. So you could the various different ways
that's allowed to read according to the different Imams that needs
to be understood, then, number five, who saw the deen which means
Aqeedah theology to a deep level needs to be understood otherwise,
how you're going to make sense or what Allah subhanaw taala is
saying, You need to know that otherwise, people make a lot of
mistakes when they don't know their Aqeedah and that's why
people get into all sorts of mess and trouble. Number six is also
real thick, legal theory of how laws are derived from the Quran
and so on. Number seven,
is to know have a knowledge of the Hadith because Hadith are the
commentary of the Quran. The Prophet sallallahu Sallam is the
commentator of the Quran. So his words and everything that is
related about him needs to be understood to probably understand
the environment and the context in which the Quran was revealed. So,
for example, you need to know the US bubble Newzoo. Thus, bubble
news which we discuss the causes of revelation come from Hadith.
Mainly, you need to know the Nassif and minzu, which means you
know, you need to understand what came first what came later, to
understand that this verse has now cancelled out this verse, and so
on. And there's lots of other discussion there. Then number
eight, you need to have the science of the accounts and the
stories and history so that you don't miss a play something and
misinterpret something. And number nine, the scholars say, I mean,
this is not an exhaustive list, and there can be some differences
in some of the other lists that you may read from other scholars.
Okay. But number nine, at the end of the day for you to be a really
good professor, why are some of us is just better than others? Why
did he mention certain points and amazing
inferences, amazing extrapolations from the Quran? Wow. They make
sense. But why didn't you think of them? Why didn't somebody else in
a way no other tafsir has discussed that yet. And somebody
has come up with that now and it really, you know, nobody can have
a problem with it. Like yeah, if somebody comes up with some
radical idea that is antithesis to the Quran, then that's a problem
because they know that I can agree with that. Right? Like saying that
Ferro refers to the soul. But if somebody comes up with a new
deeper meaning, which sounds right, you know, nobody's gonna
have a problem with it. It doesn't go against any other soul and it
sounds intuitive. Why didn't somebody else come up with it?
Well, this is what you call L mo Heba. l Mala Dooney This is direct
knowledge from Allah Allah Allah just inspire certain people. Now
that's God given you can't acquire that all the other subjects we
talked about the first aid you can go and work hard and get them but
This one, this is father Allah, this is just a grace from Allah
subhanaw taala. Number 10, I think, right? Is knowledge of
current times, because if you want to do a diff, see that is
applicable to modern times, and you will have to understand modern
times as well, to understand the context. But that's obviously an
additional idea. Now, let us move on now to the greats. Right. And I
ask that I love to speak about the scholars of the past. And I'm
going to just while there's hundreds of CS written in this
genre, right, I said, the bulk of the tough seas, the majority of
the tough C's, are they based on this subject, right are based on
in this style, meaning it's, they're going to include
obviously, much of the Hadith and reveal things that it's not that
they deny them, or that they reject them, or they exclude them.
They mentioned all of that, but there's a lot of additional, and
it makes a lot of sense. This is I'm going to talk about five of
them, right. And these are taken from different periods all the way
from, you know, the early fifth sixth century, down to the
12th 13th century. Okay, just five, these are, you know, the
only reason I mentioned these five is these are very well known.
These are some that I've personally looked into these or
what have been recommended by scholars. Okay. First one, which
is a bit of a controversial one, but it's really good at what he
does is called the Kashia of Imams mushy. I'll explain that soon.
Number two, is called an Warrington zeal Wahaca. So the
first one I'll Kashif. Kashia comes from the concept of cache,
which means to open up, so it's the cache of it's the one which
really opens up the Quran, right, which really uncovers the Quran
with all of its secrets and so on. That's the idea behind the name I
think. Number two and Warrington zeal, the illumination of lights
of revelation Wahaca echoed that wheel and the realities of
interpretation. This one is by Imam bathery, a beautiful tafsir a
beautiful tafsir called the El bathery Number three is called
medallic Tenzin Wahaca wheel by Imam necessity. Huck Medallia kata
Tenzin medallic. midroc refers to the place where you can expect to
attain something and comprehend something. So it's the place for
comprehension of the revelation and the realities of
interpretation. This is these fancy names, but meaningful names
that manifested in us to give number four is a very long name
era Shardul alkalis Salim Illa Mazovia Al Quran Al Karim.
Guiding the sound mind guiding the sound intellect the sound mind
towards the various different great features of the Quran Al
Karim the novel Quran. This is by the Great Mufti of the Ottoman
world a booster with a remedy number five,
which is a beautiful tafseer
I love to consult it when I can. It's called Rohan Mani Romani, the
essence of meanings. It's a very profound write the essence of
meanings with regards to Kant, the commentary of the majestic Quran
and the seven Muthoni which is sort of dull Fatiha this is by
Imam Lucy, who was a Mufti of Baghdad in his time about, I would
say, about 200 years ago. Okay, so now let us quickly look at these
people and try to understand who they are and what made them so
great, and why have scholars out of one of the hundreds of F C's
that are out there? Why are these celebrated like this? You know
why? These are all really really famous F C's but because they in
Arabic, many of you may have not heard them, if you read books by
by scholars, they'll quote them in the saying this is the fear of
necessity, this is the field of medallic this is by Davi said this
zoom actually said that you may have heard it like that. But
anyway, this is now you get to hear it firsthand as to who these
people are. First let's look at Al Al Kashif, and what the full name
is Al Kashif and haka at Tenzin. What are you in a car wheel fee?
Would you hit that wheel? That's the full name. This is referred to
as Kashif. What it means is the uncover the revealer the opener
regarding the realities of the revelation and the main opinions
regarding this. So the main opinions with regards to the
various different ways of interpretation. So he is going to
provide that this is a book Kasim Malmo Dibner Omar, evening
Mohammed Al who are is mi l Motorcity. He's from El Hawa ism
who are is, is if you've been to lots of people are now traveling,
right? I mean, I know the lockdowns upon us, but a lot of
people started to travel to Uzbekistan. Why is it is the
northern
western section of
of Uzbekistan today, where Kiva is Kiva and Oregon. I think that's
The place that there was there was a there was a hawaa resmi dynasty
there that was finally taken down by the Tatas by the Mongols.
Right? What is him Shah? Right. So that is the area that he is from
and there was huge amount of scholars that came from there is
just a bit of a distance away from Bahara and summer can't write
maybe several hours, and you will be in that area. Right. Nowadays,
you can go there by flight. It's all within Uzbekistan. So that's
where he's from originally, but he became title Jariwala. So they
call him John Rula as the machete. Why Jara Jara la ger means a
neighbor, Allah's neighbor, why is he going to Allah's neighbor, he
went and stayed in Macomb Okinawa for quite a long time. So then he
became known as Jarrell and people were impressed by him, because he
developed something which nobody had done so until then, and after
that, mashallah that science has grown, which is this aspect of the
effective speech of the Quran, the Bulava and the eloquence of the
Quran, He's the first person to have. I mean, people may have had
ideas before this, but he's the first person who really revealed
that who really came up with that. Now, what's really interesting
here is that this person was deviant in his beliefs, like
literally heterodox in his belief, he's from the mortality group, the
mortality group, they had these weird beliefs, they denied that
you will be able to see Allah subhanaw taala, in the hereafter.
Because Allah is just so one that you can't see him. They gave
preference to the rational
faculty sometimes and
tried to reinterpret the Hadees that would go against their ideas.
They said that anybody who commits a major sin is no longer a Muslim,
though he's not a Catholic, but he's no longer Muslim either. And
they had, I mean, I don't want to go into that they believed in the
creativeness of the Quran, and that's why Imam Ahmed Hypno,
humble, had his Inquisition was beaten up quite a bit when he
refused to accept that view, from the ruler of the time who was
affected by this idea. So this was obviously later after all of that
time, when they, when they lost a lot of their glory, there was a
time when they were really prominent. And after that they
were they were evicted. They were essentially defeated in that
sense. So a lot of them they actually started using the
rational, a lot of intellectuals in there, they started using it
for the sciences of lexicography and Bulava, and so on. So they
really did a lot of work in that regard, you know, once they were
not allowed to be deviant. Now, this job Allah has the machete, we
have to mention him and his Tafseer has to be consulted
because he's got those unique features about the Arabic language
and especially the language of the Quran. Okay, and its
effectiveness. That's what's important about he was born in 467
Hijiri in the moksha, right, which is one of the villages of the
tourism area. And then after that he went and he eventually passed
away in Georgia Ania again, in Hawaii Tourism and that was in 538
Hijiri.
Now Subhanallah you know,
if it wasn't for that, deviancy this would be amazing to see. So
you have to ignore him when he for example, when he discusses certain
verses, when he's discussing certain verses, that he tries to
give for example, in Surah, topia, man, Allah subhana wa Tada says,
Would you who Yama is in now the Ihlara behind now Vera, as some
faces on that day will be very resplendent, gazing at their Lord,
which is the belief it's clear in Hadith and everything that's what
the Sunnah will Gemma are believing that you will be able to
see Allah subhanaw taala in the hereafter. He says no, that's not
what he means. Now Vera which means to see he says know what it
means here is montavilla which means you'll be waiting for your
Lord. So they deny the site so what they do is they will
reinterpret certain verses like but there's not that many places
in the Quran for that. Also what they will do is
for example,
there's a verse in the Quran, where Allah subhanaw taala says,
Woman yuck to Mina Mohammedan for Jessa who Jahannam that whoever
kills another believer, purposely, right premeditated murder like
that of another believer, then, you know, they're going to be in
hellfire and so on. Now that Alison Nojima our belief is that
they will be in hellfire but Allah can forgive them and they will
eventually go into paradise. The martyr Zilla they used to say that
anybody who commits a major sin is is going to be in the Hellfire
forever. They will never come to paradise. They may be in a special
place because they're not Garfield's. They're not
disbelievers, but they're not Muslim either. So you'll see a bit
of those, but the focus in his tafsir for the majority of
scholars, is the way he discusses the style and language of the
Quran. It's really amazing, right? It's really amazing, of course,
As the subject has been further developed, Chef Anwar Shah
Kashmiri Rahim Allah is to say that there are only two people
that really understood this topic. One was him, right which is Imam
as a machete. And the other one, he says is Imam giorgianni. Both
of these are non Arabs. Both of these Imams have actually Turkic
background. Okay? And they were known errors, but they had
developed such a mastery in Arabic language that they surpassed
anybody who's originally from an Arab background as well. But
anyway, that's a separate point. That's history.
I will. So bar these monitors the points which are a few in there.
The rest of the Tafseer is quite wonderful, in most sense. I mean,
in generally, I mean, he's got a lot of other good things in there.
So you essentially read that Tafseer with a grain of salt.
Let's move on to taxied number two which is called the albedo. He now
he is called El Cassatt, the Chief Judge Naseeruddin I will hire
Abdullah IGNOU Omar Ibni Muhammad Ali al Badawi a Shafi. Now, the
first caller we talked about Zavok. Cherie while he was
heterodoxy in his Aqeedah. He was actually Hanafi in terms of his
practice. So he is Hanafy in practice in terms of the way you
pray and everything like that, but in terms of his belief, he's got
the martyrs at belief. So number two is called the L by Bobby who
is a Shafi and he is also from now he's from the Persian lands, as
opposed to the turkey glands. He's more from the Persian lands, okay.
Call the Abu called the Chava says about him that he saw Hebrew
Messiah. He's the author of many, many books, and he's the alum and
a scholar of Azerbaijan. So that's kind of the area where he's from,
and he became then the coffee and the judge of Shiraz, which is one
of the main cities of Iran today. He died in 691, Hijiri 691, he,
right, the zoom, actually, he died in 538. So this is a good 150 60
years after him. Okay. Now, this is a tough scene that they
actually teach in many madrasahs, we studied a bit of this, we
actually studied this with mana, Abdullah himself. And it's an
amazing WFCU. It's very brief. His language is very, very tight. It's
very, very succinct. And he's very abbreviated, but he mentioned
volumes amazing. He just uses one word to explain something. And you
know, the satisfaction you get of trying to understand the
subtleties. So what's really wonderful about this stuff, see is
that he's taken from some of the greatest seeds before him. So for
example, he's taken the best parts of the machete stuff See, that we
just mentioned. So he's take taken out all the wrong stuff from
there. He's taken some of the best parts. And the other great of seed
that he's taken from, which I'm not mentioning here. But it's
something that has to should be mentioned, is Malfatti whole hype,
the keys to the unseen of rodina Razi, one of the highest logic,
logic base rational, base irrational, and philosophical deaf
series that we've had because Imam Razi is one of our greatest
theologians, and philosophers, and he's got this wonderful deficit,
people just refer to it as a serial Kabir, the great Tafseer.
And
there's one volume of this has been translated by Dr. Sohaib,
Saeed. And again, this is something which has been
commissioned by principality from the Royal albedo Institute, and
the Islamic texts society. Now while I wouldn't really suggest
that you go and buy the Togolese translation that I mentioned the
other day, because it's not really a Deaf save, that you will enjoy I
think as much unless you like lots of narrations and everything. And
you've got, you know, academic for academic pursuits. You want to do
that. Now, raazi stuff see is something anybody can take,
especially somebody with a philosophical and theological
mind. Right? This is a beautiful tafseer. Okay. And so in English,
the first volume is available. I'm not sure if another volume is
there yet is prepared here, but I think there are maybe more volumes
in preparation. Okay. has been published by the Islamic texts
society. So
what's beautiful about this stuff, see as that is, actually no, we're
not talking about that. We're going back to call the bave.
Always tafsir. So he took the best parts of raazi stuff sealed and
the best part of the McSherry stuff series, okay. And he his,
his thing is not too big, but it's, you know, to understand it
that. I don't know if there's any other tafseer that has had so many
different glosses, and marginalia and commentaries written on it. So
call the beta is tafsir is so wonderful, but because it's so
abbreviated and succinct. Everybody can't fully grasp all
the benefits and the secrets from
there and everything he's saying. So, there are numerous scholars
including Shakespeare, Korean, Saudi and others who have actually
written, you can say, commentaries on it to be able to understand it.
Now, that tells you that this the theory is worth it because when
people start writing commentaries on books, it means that that's a
very important book that they feel that people won't understand fully
unless they write a commentary of that book. So it's a commentary of
the Quran, which others have written a commentary off to
explain it to people. Number three is the methodical Tenzin haka that
will have Imam Nyssa fee. This is the great herbal baraka to the
father of blessings. Abdullah Abdullah Ahmed Ibrahim Muhammad
Yunus Sufi al Hanafi. So this, this particular scholar is one of
the very celebrated Hanafi scholars. He's got a number of
books in Hanafi fiqh as well. And he is considered an ascetic, and
one of the reliable Imams of the dove seal. And he's got numerous
other books as well. Right? The the famous Sunil Sunil fic book
called The menar, which neural Anwar is a commentary of is
written by him as well. And
what he's done now he died in 701, Hijri. Right, so he dies in seven
100 701 HD, he now takes the best of what the man before we had had,
who had already taken from some of the early ones, and this is
exactly what happens. Now, you take the rest, there's no point of
reinventing the wheel, you take the best and you add on more or
you explain it in different ways. And you add on more. So he his
stuff seed is based on beta we that we've just read about and the
cash off of some actually as well and others obviously, of course,
he takes out all the mess in there or whatever he discusses the
various he's his book is really good for understanding the
grammatical constructions that Cara art.
And he also discusses the Bulaga aspect, and he expounds on it
further, in many cases, even beyond what the machete did those,
I'm actually He's the inventor, you can say or the formulator of
that.
He doesn't discuss he doesn't take too many Israel idea to whatever
and he's quite critical and everything and it's a really, it's
an easy to feel to read. And it's a really, really beneficial
Tafseer because it provides a lot of additional, you know,
understanding. That's why many many scholars have accepted it and
use it right when you're reading a lot of the books of the
subcontinent. And they'll they'll just write medallic So that's what
it's referring to or they'll say it of zero necessity that's what
he's referring to. Right number four is episodes. earshot will
actually Salim now a booster oh this mashallah, he is a mountain,
right? This is a booster with Mohammed IGNOU Muhammad Ibni, Mr.
Ibni Mustafa, Al Ahmadi al Han of his 100 years well, and he was
born in 893 Hijiri. Right. So it's relatively early right relatively
early. And he's born in a family of knowledge. So his father and
other people were knowledge and he studied a number of subjects first
from his father, right. And then he also studied a number of the
other scholars of his time. And
he then started teaching. And then he became the coffee and the judge
of Bourassa.
The coffee and judge of Bursa, and then after that, he became the
coffee and judge of
Constantinople, which is Istanbul, the capital of the Muslim world at
that time. Imagine you can imagine his, his status, his knowledge
that he becomes the chief judge.
Then after that, not just the judge, he became the Mufti and the
Mufti of the Ottoman Empire was called a che for Islam. So he
became you can say the Sheikh Al Islam, and he kept that position
for 30 years. He wrote fatwas for 30 years. And you when you look at
his fatwas, you can understand the
the Juris juridical insight, you know, the nuanced understanding
that he had. And what was really amazing about him is that he would
write his responses in according to the style of the question. So
if a question came in, in the form of poet, a poem, a poetic form,
right, he would respond in poetry, they might think, why would
somebody write your question in, in in a poem in a, you know, in
line so that they, there was some people like that, if the if the
question came in Arabic, he would respond in Arabic, if he came in
Turkish, he would respond in Turkish. So really a solid scholar
who died in 986 Hijiri. Now, what's so good about this stuff,
see, well, firstly, his stuff, see, because he comes later now,
after all these other scholars, he's taken the best and it's quite
an extensive scene. It's a very extensive scene. He's taken the
best of the tough seas of the past. You know, lots of people
take from the seeds of the past, but a person's choice and
selection differs from person to person. Now his choice is amazing.
So he will give you the cream of what's in those and then he adds a
lot himself, right. He adds a lot of
He became very, very well known because I mean, he's the shakily
some of the Muslim, you know, the capital, right. So everybody's
going to talk about and he was really a good scholar, right, his
fatwas and everything tells you about that.
Now, he, his huge focus is on the Bulava and this effectives
rhetoric and speech of the Quran. Right. And in that case, it says
that
he discusses a lot of that throughout the Quran. And it says
that he's done that very, very well. And in terms of some aspects
of it, he's the first person so he's quite unique. He's a pioneer
in that regard. And that's why that's why he he says, you know,
the, some of the observations about his stuff said is that, let
me I spoke who I had on La, you know, there's some aspects of
literacy that nobody has been able to write about that before Allah
subhanaw taala gave it to him to write about. Now I can go on
explaining all of that, but I won't. It's a very, very subtle,
very deep dive Steve is not necessarily an easy read. But you
know, when you do get through it, it makes a lot of sense, and it
has a lot of benefit and really satisfactory. The last thing I
want to talk to you about today from this genre, is the great
Rouhani
feat of Syria Quran louthian was several Muthoni of a bophana she
have been a Sayed. His name is Mahmoud affendi, Muhammad Effendi.
Lucy, and that's where he's well known as Lucy Al Baghdadi, who
died then much later in 1270, Hijiri 1270 1370 1470, we are
abused about 156 years ago, okay. He was the shape of the oil amount
of Iraq. I mean, he was the greatest alum of Iraq at the time,
it seems okay. And mashallah, in every subject, he just mastered
every subject. And when you read his stuff, see he quotes all
sorts. And the wonderful thing I like about his tafsir is that he
tries to reconcile a lot of EC by this time science had been out,
right, and there's a lot of scientific ideas. For example,
there's a Hadith of the Prophet sallallahu Sallam which says that
each night when the sun sets, it goes to Allah subhanaw taala
prostrates in front of Allah, and seeks permission to rise again the
next day. Now what we see is that the sun actually, while it sits in
one area, it's actually risen in another area, so it's never really
gone. It's always somewhere in the world, there's always light
somewhere in the world. So what does this hadith mean? And
mashallah, he says, I've not found anybody have explained that to me,
you know, in a satisfactory way. And then he proposes a certain,
you know, explanation, and it is amazing, and we don't have time to
go through today. It is something I will cover later on in another
talk in sha Allah. But he answers questions like that, when it talks
about the Allahu nauders. Somehow it will all he discusses the
nature of light, right, from a scientific perspective, and from
various different perspectives and tries to put it in perspective is
not an easy read, right? I'll tell you that, even for the orlimar.
For those who understand Arabic, it's not generally an easy read.
But again, if there's one tafseer that I think that if you're if you
want to decide you only really want to read one Tafseer, a larger
one to see, because he's quite large as 30 volumes or something
and 2530 volumes, the copy that I have at least. And it's going to
be this one, because what he does, he's got a lot of modern ideas in
there, even though he's writing and 50 years ago, there's a lot to
benefit from, and he's taken the best of the tafsir before, and he
would spend hours and hours doing this stuff. See, he would spend
hours at night writing this stuff. See, he spent a lot of time
writing this stuff seen. And it's it's amazing.
So
I would say that, may Allah subhanaw taala benefit us through
these people, you can just tell the intellectual acumen that, you
know, for example, this image or Lucy had when you reading stuff,
see, it's just it's just absolutely amazing, right? It's
absolutely amazing. So I think that pretty much just a few more
points regarding DFC to be rocky before we move on to the next
genre, which is really interesting, when the one we're
going to talk about tomorrow, it takes it to a whole new level. But
this is that. So we understand from all of this discussion that
it's completely allowed to do Tafseer in this way, as these
other men have shown as well, as long as a person has all of the
sciences under their belt and all of these scholars, you know,
they've actually written books in all of those many of those
sciences, right? So today a person can't just say hey, I know a bit
of Arabic and I'm gonna start doing I've seen of the Quran this,
a lot of the, you can say, heresies in difficile crept in, in
the 20th century, a lot of Muslim thinkers started writing to see
without really having a firm grounding in the shitty and
sciences. This is where and that's something we're going to hopefully
discuss later, that the heterodoxy in Tafseer. The deviancy in the
field
The problems in tafsir works pretty much mostly in 20th
century, the older ones, we know that they will mark Tesla so we
can simply say, okay, you know, ignore those points, but this is
where it is. And that's why
what, you know, the Hadith that we read before about being careful
about what, you know what kind of what can you what you should say
about the Quran, what you should not say about the Quran, a person
should always err on the side of caution. Because if somebody
doesn't have knowledge of something, that means the default
status is that he doesn't have knowledge because our D when we
are born, right, we don't have knowledge of something. If I want
to learn about Maldives, I don't have knowledge, I would have to
learn about it. Okay. The default is I don't know, the default is
not that you do know just because you're a Muslim. So likewise with
the Quran is well the default should be I don't know what it
means go and try to find out from the right sources. So that person
should be careful about that. And we'll mention a few other points
tomorrow before moving on to our next section to Zach Allah. Hey,
Ron, Allah bless you all. May Allah make this Ramadan, and this
series and the study that we're doing beneficial for all of us and
allow us to connect to the Quran working with that one annual hamdu
Lillahi Rabbil Alameen Assalamu alaykum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Jazak Allah here for listening, may Allah subhanho wa Taala bless
you. And if you're finding this useful, you know,
as they say to that like button and subscribe button and forwarded
on to others, just like Lawhead and Salaam Alaikum Warahmatullahi
Wabarakatuh barakato